Tribosähköiseen ilmiöön perustuvan hiukkaspitoisuusmittarin kehitys

Diplomityön tarkoituksena oli kehittää mikroprosessoriohjattu digitaalinen pölymittarituoteperhe vanhan analogisen hiukkasmittarin tilalle. Työssä käydään läpi mittarin teoreettista perustaa ja kehitysprojektin eri vaiheita sekä tutustutaan hiukkasmittauksen perusteisiin, lainsäädäntöön sekä hiukkasten terveysvaikutuksiin, joista saadaan motivaatiota sille, miksi hiukkasia yleensä kannattaa ja pitää mitata. Työssä tutustutaan myös lainsäädännön mittarilta vaatimiin hyväksyntöihin eri sovelluskohteissa, käytännön mittauksissa esiintyviin haasteisiin sekä käydään läpi hyväk-syntöjen läpäisemiseksi vaaditut testit. Diplomityön lopuksi tutustutaan mittarin kaupalliseen menestykseen, ehdotetaan kehi-tyskohteita ja tutustutaan tribosähköisen mittauksen tulevaisuuden mahdollisuuksiin.

Product Data Managemet as a Key Success Factor in After Sales Business

The objective of this master’s thesis is to define Larox´s Product Data present state and future development needs from after sales point of view. In particular the object was to investigate after sales needs, which data related to products need to be managed by using Product Data Management. Empirical material of thesis was collected mainly through interviews, benchmark visits, and personal experience. Among the interviewees were internal stakeholders who are closely related to the product process, as well as external stakeholders. Interviews revealed that each stakeholder group has deviating needs for product data management and that at present all the needs are not met to take the best possible way. The main requirement was availability of up-to-date information, which plays a key role in after sales business. At the end of study is concentrated to find development targets at Larox, especially from after sales point of view. In addition, consideration of how the product data management advantages can utilized in making internal processes more efficient. Development needs are collected together as project descriptions, whose headings are shown at the end of the study.

IT architecture for category driven corporate procurement measurement

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate creating and improving category purchasing visibility for corporate procurement by utilizing financial information. This thesis was a part of the global category driven spend analysis project of Konecranes Plc. While creating general understanding for building category driven corporate spend visibility, the IT architecture and needed purchasing parameters for spend analysis were described. In the case part of the study three manufacturing plants of Konecranes Standard Lifting, Heavy Lifting and Services business areas were examined. This included investigating the operative IT system architecture and needed processes for building corporate spend visibility. The key findings of this study were the identification of the needed processes for gathering purchasing data elements while creating corporate spend visibility in fragmented source system environment. As an outcome of the study, roadmap presenting further development areas was introduced for Konecranes.

Managing through measurement : A framework for successful operative level performance measurement

The research around performance measurement and management has focused mainly on the design, implementation and use of performance measurement systems. However, there is little evidence about the actual impacts of performance measurement on the different levels of business and operations of organisations, as well as the underlying factors that lead to a positive impact of performance measurement. The study thus focuses on this research gap, which can be considered both important and challenging to cover. The first objective of the study was to examine the impacts of performance measurement on different aspects of management, leadership and the quality of working life, after which the factors that facilitate and improve performance and performance measurement at the operative level of an organisation were examined. The second objective was to study how these factors operate in practice. The third objective focused on the construction of a framework for successful operative level performance measurement and the utilisation of the factors in the organisations. The research objectives have been studied through six research papers utilising empirical data from three separate studies, including two sets of interview data and one of quantitative data. The study applies mainly the hermeneutical research approach. As a contribution of the study, a framework for successful operative level performance measurement was formed by matching the findings of the current study and performance measurement theory. The study extents the prior research regarding the impacts of performance measurement and the factors that have a positive effect on operative level performance and performance measurement. The results indicate that under suitable circumstances, performance measurement has positive impacts on different aspects of management, leadership, and the quality of working life. The results reveal that for example the perception of the employees and the management of the impacts of performance measurement on leadership style differ considerably. Furthermore, the fragmented literature has been reorganised into six factors that facilitate and improve the performance of the operations and employees, and the use of performance measurement at the operative level of an organisation. Regarding the managerial implications of the study, managers who operate around performance measurement can utilise the framework for example by putting the different phases of the framework into practice.

Innovaatiokyvykkyyden mittaaminen suorituskyvyn johtamisen näkökulmasta

Tavoitteena oli tutkia, miten voidaan osoittaa innovaatiopohjaisten tutkimus- ja kehittämismenetelmien hyödyt organisaatioiden innovaatiokyvykkyyteen. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli kehittää suorituskyvyn johtamisen näkökulmasta viitekehys innovaatiokyvykkyyden ja sen vaikutusten mittaamiseen. Empiirinen aineisto kerättiin workshoppien, haastattelujen ja ryhmätyösessioiden avulla. Innovaatiokyvykkyyden kehittäminen on nykyisin keskeisessä asemassa, kun organisaatiot toimivat hyvin haasteellisissa toimintaympäristöissä. Kuitenkin innovaatiokyvykkyyden mittaaminen organisaatioissa on hyvin harvinaista muun muassa mittaamisen haasteellisuuden ja abstraktin luonteen vuoksi. Mittaaminen on kuitenkin oleellinen osa innovaatiokyvykkyyden kehittämistä ja siten tärkeää organisaatioiden tulevaisuuden menestyksen kannalta. Tutkimuksen tuloksena syntyi viitekehys innovaatiomenetelmien vaikutusten arviointiin. Viitekehys koostuu viidestä näkökulmasta. Innovatiivisen suorituskyvyn näkökulmassa mitataan innovaatiokyvykkyyden taustatekijöitä ja innovaatiotoiminnan tuloksia. Lisäksi talous-, asiakas-, sisäisten prosessien ja henkilöstön näkökulmasta mitataan innovaatiokyvykkyyden kehityksen vaikutuksia organisaation toimintaan. Mittariston tavoitteet asetetaan innovaatiomenetelmien soveltamisen aikana, joten menestystekijät ja mittarit määritetään tapauskohtaisesti. Työssä annetaan kuitenkin ohjeita menestystekijöiden ja mittarien määrittämiseen. Näkökulmat pysyvät samoina tapauksesta riippumatta.

Critical Success and Failure Factors of Knowledge Management Implementation in a Large Multinational Company

More and more companies are interested in implementing knowledge management. However, the majority of knowledge management initiatives will fail to have any significant impact. In this study, theories regarding knowledge management implementation and adoption are investigated further. The objective of this study is to deepen understanding regarding the critical factors that contribute to successful knowledge management adoption in large multinational companies. The study is formulated around the following four research questions: 1. What are the key success and failure factors in knowledge management implementation? 2. How can knowledge management adoption be improved at the individual, group and organizational levels of the company? 3. What are the critical factors that hinder knowledge management adoption in the case company? 4. How can the case company promote the adoption of knowledge management among company personnel? The methodology used in this study is a combination of a literature review and an explanatory, exploratory, qualitative single-case study. The literature review answers the first and second research questions. Based on the literature review, a framework is presented to illustrate the factors contributing to the success of knowledge management implementation. The framework also links together knowledge management implementation and adoption. The third research question is answered by revealing the relevant findings from 21 expert interviews and 2 online questionnaires with 42 respondents in total. By comparing and contrasting the results of the literature review with the findings of the empirical case study, the fourth research question is answered. The concrete outcomes of this study are a framework to elucidate the factors contributing to the success of knowledge management implementation, a case study highlighting the issues that hinder knowledge management adoption within the case company, and recommendations for the case company.

Performance Evaluation and Calibration of Machine Vision Measurement

This thesis presents the calibration and comparison of two systems, a machine vision system that uses 3 channel RGB images and a line scanning spectral system. Calibration. is the process of checking and adjusting the accuracy of a measuring instrument by comparing it with standards. For the RGB system self-calibrating methods for finding various parameters of the imaging device were developed. Color calibration was done and the colors produced by the system were compared to the known colors values of the target. Software drivers for the Sony Robot were also developed and a mechanical part to connect a camera to the robot was also designed. For the line scanning spectral system, methods for the calibrating the alignment of the system and the measurement of the dimensions of the line scanned by the system were developed. Color calibration of the spectral system is also presented.

Programming and analysing measurement experiments using the PicoCricket system

The aim of this project is to get used to another kind of programming. Since now, I used very complex programming languages to develop applications or even to program microcontrollers, but PicoCricket system is the evidence that we don’t need so complex development tools to get functional devices. PicoCricket system is the clear example of simple programming to make devices work the way we programmed it. There’s an easy but effective way to programs mall devices just saying what we want them to do. We cannot do complex algorithms and mathematical operations but we can program them in a short time. Nowadays, the easier and faster we produce, the more we earn. So the tendency is to develop fast, cheap and easy, and PicoCricket system can do it.

Success factors of customer and supplier master data system

Especially in global enterprises, key data is fragmented in multiple Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Thus the data is inconsistent, fragmented and redundant across the various systems. Master Data Management (MDM) is a concept, which creates cross-references between customers, suppliers and business units, and enables corporate hierarchies and structures. The overall goal for MDM is the ability to create an enterprise-wide consistent data model, which enables analyzing and reporting customer and supplier data. The goal of the study was defining the properties and success factors of a master data system. The theoretical background was based on literature and the case consisted of enterprise specific needs and demands. The theoretical part presents the concept, background, and principles of MDM and then the phases of system planning and implementation project. Case consists of background, definition of as is situation, definition of project, evaluation criterions and concludes the key results of the thesis. In the end chapter Conclusions combines common principles with the results of the case. The case part ended up dividing important factors of the system in success factors, technical requirements and business benefits. To clarify the project and find funding for the project, business benefits have to be defined and the realization has to be monitored. The thesis found out six success factors for the MDM system: Well defined business case, data management and monitoring, data models and structures defined and maintained, customer and supplier data governance, delivery and quality, commitment, and continuous communication with business. Technical requirements emerged several times during the thesis and therefore those can’t be ignored in the project. Conclusions chapter goes through these factors on a general level. The success factors and technical requirements are related to the essentials of MDM: Governance, Action and Quality. This chapter could be used as guidance in a master data management project.

Free Flap Monitoring. Using Tissue Oxygen Measurement and Positron Emission Tomography

Aims:This study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of two different methods to determine free flap perfusion in cancer patients undergoing major reconstructive surgery. The hypotheses was that low perfusion in the flap is associated with flap complications. Patients and methods: Between August 2002 and June 2008 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, and at the PET Centre, Turku, 30 consecutive patients with 32 free flaps were included in this study. The perfusion of the free microvascular flaps was assessed with positron emission tomography (PET) and radioactive water ([¹⁵O] H₂O) in 40 radiowater injections in 33 PET studies. Furthermore, 24 free flaps were monitored with a continuous tissue oxygen measurement using flexible polarographic catheters for an average of three postoperative days. Results: Of the 17 patients operated on for head and neck (HN) cancer and reconstructed with 18 free flaps, three re-operations were carried out due to poor tissue oxygenation as indicated by p_tiO₂ monitoring results and three other patients were reoperated on for postoperative hematomas in the operated area. Blood perfusion assessed with PET (BF_PET) was above 2.0 mL / min / 100 g in all flaps and a low flap-to-muscle BFPET ratio appeared to correlate with poor survival of the flap. Survival in this group of HN cancer patients was 9.0 months (median, range 2.4-34.2) after a median follow-up of 11.9 months (range 1.0-61.0 months). Seven HN patients of this group are alive without any sign of recurrence and one patient has died of other causes. All of the 13 breast reconstruction patients included in the study are alive and free of disease at a median follow-up time of 27.4 months (range 13.9-35.7 months). Re-explorations were carried out in three patients due data provided by p_tiO₂ monitoring and one re-exploration was avoided on the basis of adequate blood perfusion assessed with PET. Two patients had donorsite morbidity and 3 patients had partial flap necrosis or fat necrosis. There were no total flap losses. Conclusions: P_tiO₂ monitoring is a feasible method of free flap monitoring when flap temperature is monitored and maintained close to the core temperature. When other monitoring methods give controversial results or are unavailable, [₁₅O] H₂O PET technique is feasible in the evaluation of the perfusion of the newly reconstructed free flaps.

Measurement and Improvement of Wet Paper Web Strength

Various strength properties of paper are measured to tell how well it resists breaks in a paper machine or in printing presses. The most often measured properties are dry tensile strength and dry tear strength. However, in many situations where paper breaks, it is not dry. For example, in web breaks after the wet pressing the dry matter content can be around 45%. Thus, wet-web strength is often a more critical paper property than dry strength. Both wet and dry strength properties of the samples were measured with a L&W tensile tester. Originally this device was not designed for the measurement of the wet web tensile strength, thus a new procedure to handle the wet samples was developed. The method was tested with Pine Kraft (never dried). The effect of different strength additives on the wet-web and dry paper tensile strength was studied. The polymers used in this experiment were aqueous solution of a cationic polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), cationic hydrophilised polyisocyanate and cationic polyvinylamine (PVAm). From all three used chemicals only Cationic PAE considerably increased the wet web strength. However it was noticed that at constant solids content all chemicals decreased the wet web tensile strength. So, since all chemicals enhanced solid content it can be concluded that they work as drainage aids, not as wet web strength additives. From all chemicals only PVAm increased the dry strength and two other chemicals even decreased the strength. As chemicals were used in strong diluted forms and were injected into the pulp slurry, not on the surface of the papersheets, changes in samples densities did not happen. Also it has to be noted that all these chemicals are mainly used to improve the wet strength after the drying of the web.

Performance Measurement of the Logistics Process

The objective of the thesis was to create a performance measurement system for the logistics process of a company. In addition, one goal was to make suggestions for improvements based on description and analysis of the process and current measures. The logistics process was described in detail, and the objectives for it were derived from the company strategy and goals. Suggestions for performance measurement system and process improvement were made based on current state analysis. As a result of the thesis, three new performance measures were decided to take into use. In addition, several improvements were suggested to the ERP system to make process smoother. Some of the improvements have already been added to the system and the rest will be added in the near future.

Suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmän implementointi ammattikorkeakoulussa

Ammattikorkeakoulu on asiantuntijaorganisaatio, joka tietointensiivisenä organisaationa muodostaa haastavan mittausympäristön. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli rakentaa ammattikorkeakoulun koulutusohjelmille suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmä. Tutkimuksen toissijaisena tavoitteena oli suorituskyvyn mittaamisen avulla luoda perusta oikeudenmukaiselle ja tasapuoliselle palkitsemisjärjestelmälle. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin pääasiassa konstruktiivista tutkimusotetta, mutta tutkimusote voidaan nähdä vahvasti myös toiminta-analyyttisenä. Tutkimuksen teoriaosassa käsitellään suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmän suunnittelua ja käyttöönottoa asiantuntijaorganisaatiossa. Lisäksi perehdytään suorituskyvyn mittaamisen teoriaan ja asiantuntijaorganisaatioita käsittelevään kirjallisuuteen. Tutkimuksen käytännön osassa suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmä rakennettiin ja implementoitiin kolmeen case-organisaation koulutusohjelmaan. Kehitetty suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmä koostuu kuudesta mittausnäkökulmasta: uudistuminen ja työkyky, opetus, kansainvälisyys, T&K ja maksullinen palvelutoiminta, talous ja vaikuttavuus. Suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmän mittausnäkökulmiin määritettiin 16 kriittistä menestystekijää ja niitä mittaamaan valittiin 25 mittaria. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa löydettiin koulutusohjelman ja henkilöstön oikeudenmukaiseen ja tasapuoliseen palkitsemiseen soveltuvia mittareita.

Harmonized performance measurement system for basic industry's service centers

The objective of this study is to create measurement system that is capable to measure performance in basic industry’s service centers. First it is examined what is performance and how it can be measured. The study also introduces commonly known measurement frameworks. After theory the study investigates how companies in the field of basic industry measure their operations in practise. The investigation is done examining three case examples and by analyzing survey results from basic industry companies. On the survey results focus is on what meters and measurement systems companies use. It is also viewed what measurement problems companies have faced. In the applied part of the study harmonized performance measurement system is created. The framework of the measurement system is introduced and measurement system for the target company is created. The target company felt that the harmonized performance measurement system has good potential and continues to develop it further.