Avaliação das publicações de cirurgiões de coluna brasileiros na última década

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a contribuição cientifica de cirurgiões da coluna brasileiros não somente em número de publicações, mas também em relação à qualidade entre Janeiro de 2000 e Dezembro de 2011. MÉTODOS: Uma pesquisa das publicações de cirurgiões da coluna brasileiros em relação à coluna ou medula espinhal foi realizada utilizando uma base de dados online; Pubmed.gov. Os resultados foram limitados para artigos publicados entre Janeiro de 2000 e Dezembro de 2011. Um total de 1.778 artigos foram encontrados após a pesquisa no Medline. Após critérios de exclusão, 206 foram selecionados. A qualidade dos periódicos foi medida através do Fator de Impacto (FI), e do Qualis CAPES e a qualidade do artigo pela classificação de Oxford. RESULTADOS: Um aumento no número de publicações de cirurgiões da coluna brasileiros foi observado. 45,1% das publicações foram nos últimos 4 anos (2008 - 2011). Estudos clínicos e relatos de caso foram os tipos de artigos mais frequentemente publicados (37,5% vs 31,1%). Um aumento no número de publicações brasileiras em periódicos não-brasileiros foi observado nos últimos anos (linear-by-linear association: 5.449, P = 0.020). A publicação Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria foi o periódico em que os artigos foram mais frequentemente publicados (n=67, 32%). O FI das publicações variou de 0.021 a 8.017. A análise da qualidade das publicações demonstrou que a maioria delas forneceu NE 4 (N = 113, 54.9%) ou 5 (N = 45, 21,8%). CONCLUSÃO: Houve um aumento no número e na qualidade das publicações de cirurgiões da coluna brasileiros nos últimos anos. Além disso, o número de publicações de brasileiros em periódicos não-brasileiros aumentou nos últimos anos.

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: activity in Switzerland compared with surrounding European countries

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a highly specialised procedure used to treat malignancies of the lymphohaematopoietic system as well as some acquired and inherited disorders of the blood. This analysis by the Swiss Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Group, based on data from 2008-2011, describes, treatment rates in Switzerland for specific indications and compares this with data from Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands, corrected for the size of the population. Differences in transplant rates, in rates for particular indications, and in the use of specific transplant technologies such as use of unrelated donors, use of cord blood or mismatched family donors are described. These data are put in correlation with donor availability from international registries and with number of transplant teams and number of procedures per team all corrected for population size.

Rates Of Obesity And Incidence Of Diabetes In Hispanics In The United States: An Examination Of The Epidemiological Paradox

Using pooled data from the 2008-2011 National Health Interview Survey and employing multinomial and binomial logistic regression methods, this research examines disparities in rates of obesity and incidence of diabetes between individual Hispanic subgroups in comparison to non-Hispanic whites and blacks. Immigration status(including nativity, duration in the United States, and citizenship status) is hypothesized to play a central role in rates and obesity and incidence of diabetes. Unlike Cuban-Americans, Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and other Hispanics were more likely to be overweight as well as obese when compared to non-Hispanic whites. Mexican-Americans had the only significance in prevalence of type 2 diabetes in comparison to non-Hispanic whites. Both of these health outcomes are strongly associated with the various immigration variables.

Influence of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms on the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection after solid-organ transplantation

BACKGROUND  Polymorphisms in the interferon-λ (IFNL) 3/4 region have been associated with reduced hepatitis C virus clearance. We explored the role of such polymorphisms on the incidence of CMV infection in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. METHODS  Caucasian patients participating in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study in 2008-2011 were included. A novel functional TT/-G polymorphism (rs368234815) in the CpG region upstream of IFNL3 was investigated. RESULTS  A total of 840 SOT recipients at risk for CMV were included, among whom 373 (44%) received antiviral prophylaxis. The 12-months cumulative incidence of CMV replication and disease were 0.44 and 0.08, respectively. Patient homozygous for the minor rs368234815 allele (-G/-G) tended to have a higher cumulative incidence of CMV replication (SHR=1.30 [95%CI 0.97-1.74], P=0.07) compared to other patients (TT/TT or TT/-G). The association was significant among patients followed by a preemptive approach (SHR=1.46 [1.01-2.12], P=0.047), especially in patients receiving an organ from a seropositive donor (D+, SHR=1.92 [95%CI 1.30-2.85], P=0.001), but not among those who received antiviral prophylaxis (SHR=1.13 [95%CI 0.70-1.83], P=0.6). These associations remained significant in multivariate competing risk regression models. CONCLUSIONS  Polymorphisms in the IFNL3/4 region influence susceptibility to CMV replication in SOT recipients, particularly in patients not receiving antiviral prophylaxis.

Trends in life expectancy of HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy across the globe: comparisons with general population.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Improved virological and immunological outcomes and reduced toxicity of antiretroviral combination therapy (ART) raise the hope that life expectancy of HIV-positive persons on ART will approach that of the general population. We systematically review the literature and summarize published estimates of life expectancy of HIV-positive populations on ART. We compare their life expectancy with the life expectancy of the general or, in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV-negative populations, by time period and gender. RECENT FINDINGS Ten relevant studies were published from 2006 to 2015. Three studies were from Canada, two from European countries, three from sub-Saharan Africa and two were multicountry studies. Life expectancy increased over time in all studies and regions. Expressed as the percentage of life expectancy in the HIV-negative or general population, estimated life expectancy at age 20 years in HIV-positive people on ART ranged from 60.3% (95% CI 58.0-62.6%) in Rwanda (2008-2011) to 89.1% (95% CI 84.7-93.6%) in Canada (2008-2012). The percentage of life expectancy in the HIV-negative or general population achieved was higher in HIV-positive women than in HIV-positive men in all countries, except for Canada wherein the opposite was the case. SUMMARY Life expectancy in HIV-positive people on ART has improved worldwide in recent years, but important gaps remain compared with the general and HIV-negative population, and between regions and genders.

El primer boom de la exportación de cueros y la sociedad local. Río de la Plata. Fines del siglo XVII, comienzos del siglo XVIII

Fil: Jumar, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

El primer boom de la exportación de cueros y la sociedad local. Río de la Plata. Fines del siglo XVII, comienzos del siglo XVIII

Fil: Jumar, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

La conmemoración de la Revolución de Mayo : Prensa gráfica, historia y política, siglos XIX-XXI

Tabla de contenidos: La conmemoración de la Revolución de Mayo. Prensa gráfica, historia y política, siglos XIX-XXI / Guillermo O. Quinteros. Recordando la Revolución. Prensa y política en los primeros años de La Gaceta Mercantil / María Elena Infesta, Paula Salguero. Los discursos conmemorativos de la Revolución de Mayo. El diario El Día, 1943-1952 / Guillermo O. Quinteros. La representación de la Revolución en el discurso publicitario. El Día, 1943-1976 / Fabio André Gutérres Ludwig, Guillermo O. Quinteros. Representaciones sobre la Revolución de Mayo en La Prensa y Clarín, 1973-1976 / Catalina Curciarello, Sandra Santilli. Las lecturas peronistas del kirchnerismo. El estudio de las repercusiones en la prensa del 25 de mayo de 2006 / Julia de Diego. El diario La Nación y la herencia perdida de la Revolución, 2008-2011 / Julián Fontana, Mauricio Schuttenberg.

Effects of diet and exercise on metabolic syndrome and the underlying factors = Efectos de la dieta y el ejercicio sobre el síndrome metabólico y sus factores

Introducción. El número de personas que padecen síndrome metabólico ha incrementado a nivel mundial durante las últimas dos décadas. Existen numerosos estudios que tratan de comparar prevalencias según los diferentes criterios y estimaciones del riesgo metabólico. De ellos se puede concluir que el principal hallazgo ha sido recalcar la necesidad de una definición estándar universal. A pesar de estas discrepancias no hay lugar a duda sobre el problema de salud pública que esto conlleva. Se necesitan medidas y estrategias urgentes para prevenir y controlar esta emergente epidemia global y para ello se debe prestar especial atención a los cambios en el estilo de vida, fundamentalmente dieta y ejercicio. A pesar de todo, existe a día de hoy una importante controversia sobre el tipo de ejercicio más efectivo y su combinación con la dieta para conseguir mejoras en la salud. Objetivos. Estudiar los índices de riesgo metabólico empleados en la literatura científica y las terapias basadas en dieta y ejercicio para el tratamiento de los factores del síndrome metabólico en adultos con sobrepeso. Diseño de investigación. Los datos empleados en el análisis de esta tesis son, primeramente un estudio piloto, y posteriormente parte del estudio “Programas de Nutrición y Actividad Física para el tratamiento de la obesidad” (PRONAF). El estudio PRONAF es un proyecto consistente en un estudio clínico sobre programas de nutrición y actividad física para el sobrepeso y la obesidad, desarrollado en España durante varios años de intervenciones. Fue diseñado, en parte, para tratar de comparar protocolos de entrenamiento de resistencia, cargas y combinado en igualdad de volumen e intensidad, con el objetivo de evaluar su impacto en los factores de riesgo y la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. El diseño experimental es un control aleatorio y el protocolo incluye 3 modos de ejercicio (entrenamiento de resistencia, con cargas y combinado) y restricción dietética sobre diversas variables determinantes del estado de salud. Las principales variables para la investigación que comprende esta tesis fueron: actividad física habitual, marcadores de grasa corporal, niveles de insulina, glucosa, triglicéridos, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, presión arterial y parámetros relacionados con el ejercicio. Conclusiones. A) Los índices de riesgo metabólico estudiados presentan resultados contradictorios en relación al riesgo metabólico en un individuo, dependiendo de los métodos matemáticos empleados para el cálculo y de las variables introducidas, tanto en mujeres sanas como en adultos en sobrepeso. B) El protocolo de entrenamiento combinado (de cargas y de resistencia) junto con la dieta equilibrada propuesto en este estudio fue la mejor estrategia para la mejora del riesgo de síndrome metabólico en adultos con sobrepeso. C) Los protocolos de entrenamiento supervisado de resistencia, con cargas y combinado junto con la restricción nutricional, no obtuvieron mejoras sobre el perfil lipídico, más allá de los cambios conseguidos con el protocolo de dieta y recomendaciones generales de actividad física habitual en clínica, en adultos con sobrepeso. Background. Over the past two decades, a striking increase in the number of people with the MetS worldwide has taken place. Many studies compare prevalences using different criteria and metabolic risk estimation formulas, and perhaps their main achievement is to reinforce the need for a standardized international definition. Although these discrepancies, there is no doubt it is a public health problem. There is urgent need for strategies to prevent and manage the emerging global epidemic, special consideration should be given to behavioral and lifestyle, mainly diet and exercise. However, there is still controversy about the most effective type of exercise and diet combination to achieve improvements. Objectives. To study the metabolic risk scores used in the literature and the diet and exercise therapies for the treatment of the MetS factors in overweight adults. Research design. The data used in the analysis was collected firstly in a pilot study and lately, as a part of the “Programas de Nutrición y Actividad física para el tratamiento de la obesidad” study (PRONAF). The PRONAF Study is a clinical research project in nutrition and physical activity programs for overweight and obesity, carried out in Spain (2008-2011). Was designed, in part, to attempt to match the volume and intensity of endurance, strength and combined training protocols in order to evaluate their impact on risk factors and MetS prevalence in overweight and obese people. The design and protocol included three exercise modes (endurance, strength and combined training) and diet restriction, in a randomized controlled trial concerning diverse health status variables. The main variables under investigation were habitual physical activity, markers of body fat, fasting serum levels of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and diet and exercise parameters. Main outcomes. A) The metabolic risk scores studied presented contradictory results in relation to the metabolic risk of an individual, depending on the mathematical method used and the variables included, both in healthy women and overweight adults. B) The protocol proposed for combination of strength and endurance training combined with a balance diet was the optimal strategy for the improvement of MetS risk in overweight adults. C) The intervention program of endurance, strength or combined supervised training protocol with diet restriction did not achieved further improvements in lipid profile than a habitual clinical practice protocol including dietary advice and standard physical activity recommendations, in overweight adults.

News in engineering education in Spain effective from 2010 in presence of external changes and mixed crisis, looking mostly to agro and civil engineers.

The engineering careers models were diverse in Europe, and are adopting now in Spain the Bolonia process for European Universities. Separated from older Universities, that are in part technically active, Civil Engineering (Caminos, Canales y Puertos) started at end of 18th century in Spain adopting the French models of Upper Schools for state civil servants with exam at entry. After 1800 intense wars, to conserve forest regions Ingenieros de Montes appeared as Upper School, and in 1855 also the Ingenieros Agrónomos to push up related techniques and practices. Other Engineers appeared as Upper Schools but more towards private factories. These ES got all adapted Lower Schools of Ingeniero Tecnico. Recently both grew much in number and evolved, linked also to recognized Professions. Spanish society, into European Community, evolved across year 2000, in part highly well, but with severe discordances, that caused severe youth unemployment with 2008-2011 crisis. With Bolonia process high formal changes step in from 2010-11, accepted with intense adaptation. The Lower Schools are changing towards the Upper Schools, and both that have shifted since 2010-11 various 4-years careers (Grado), some included into the precedent Professions, and diverse Masters. Acceptation of them to get students has started relatively well, and will evolve, and acceptation of new grades for employment in Spain, Europe or outside will be essential. Each Grado has now quite rigid curricula and programs, MOODLE was introduced to connect pupils, some specific uses of Personal Computers are taught in each subject. Escuela de Agronomos centre, reorganized with its old name in its precedent buildings at entrance of Campus Moncloa, offers Grados of Agronomic Engineering and Science for various public and private activities for agriculture, Alimentary Engineering for alimentary activities and control, Agro-Environmental Engineering more related to environment activities, and in part Biotechnology also in laboratories in Campus Monte-Gancedo for Biotechnology of Plants and Computational Biotechnology. Curricula include Basics, Engineering, Practices, Visits, English, ?project of end of career?, Stays. Some masters will conduce to specific professional diploma, list includes now Agro-Engineering, Agro-Forestal Biotechnology, Agro and Natural Resources Economy, Complex Physical Systems, Gardening and Landscaping, Rural Genie, Phytogenetic Resources, Plant Genetic Resources, Environmental Technology for Sustainable Agriculture, Technology for Human Development and Cooperation.

Políticas de esfuerzo combinado económico-laboral en la retención y atracción del conocimiento científico: un estudio del caso español

El objetivo de este trabajo es la aportación de un caso que evidencie la importancia de realizar esfuerzos tanto en el terreno económico como en el laboral para conseguir una adecuada retención y atracción del conocimiento científico. Para ello, se analizan los datos de un estudio que destaca estas cuestiones para un país como España, que necesita urgentemente mejorar su balance de movilidad investigadora. Los resultados confirman la importancia de la aplicación de estas medidas y las debilidades que presenta en este tipo de políticas el sistema nacional de investigación, desarrollo e innovación (I+D+i). Abstract: The goal of this paper is to disclose a case study which highlights the impor tance of realising effor ts at an economic and labour scale in order to reach an adequate retention and attraction of scientific knowledge. Although science has evolved during different periods through the flow of mankind and ideas, studies about international mobility of scientists are recent in time. It started mid XXth century with the brain drain phenomenon. To alleviate the loss of scientists, countries have disclosed different politics. Some countries like Singapore, Southern Korea, India and China have been successful in bringing scientists back home. Those countries have made huge effor ts in human resources investments and scientific infrastructures, so as to enforce their national R&D&I systems. Despite such experiences and despite the increasement in terms of evidences related with international scientific mobility, few studies and figures have been disclosed. The goal of this current work is to disclose data, which backs up the liability of such kind of politics that combine effor ts in economic and labour terms. For that reason, data has been analyzed from a study which highlights these key aspects for a country like Spain and which recently established a wide range of politics in order to attract scientists. Despite the increasement of financial resources, such politics have turned out unable to reach a proper balance in terms of mobility research. Such data as well as it analysis comes from the development of an annual survey to Spanish scientists during the period 2008- 2011. Based on sample data and analysis an expectations index for the coming year has been constructed. This compares the level of confidence which related the support and prestige of their national R&D&I systems in which they operate. Two groups where surveyed: young researchers which currently work in Spain and as a group are more likely to go working abroad and Spanish scientists who are currently working abroad. Samples were obtained for young researchers were the following: 2008 (217), 2009 (270), 2010 (390) and 2011 (610). In the case of Spanish scientists abroad, the following data were obtained: 2008 (218), 2009 (250), 2010 (241) and 2011 (167). Both groups assume simple random sampling, with a level of confidence of 95%. The results obtained confirm the importance of this combined effor t of labor and economic policies which presents weaknesses of Spanish national R&D&I systems and its application, so that Spain becomes a pole of excellence in terms of attraction and retention of scientific knowledge.

Análisis de la caracterización territorial para la definición de corredores de carreteras. Análisis de los estudios informativos en España.

La decisión más importante cuando se utilizan los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en el diseño y planificación de carreteras con el objetivo de reducir su impacto ambiental es la selección de los criterios y variables más importantes, junto con la asignación de los valores de capacidad de acogida que tomaran cada uno de ellos en un análisis multicriterio. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar qué variables son aplicadas con mayor frecuencia en los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental, con el objetivo de lograr un completo estado de la cuestión en este ámbito. Con este fin, se ha realizado una revisión de Estudios Informativos de proyectos de carreteras y autopistas/autovías en fase de consultas previas. El resultado de este trabajo es la identificación de las fortalezas y debilidades de las metodologías de análisis multicriterio más utilizadas y localizar el hueco existente entre las recomendaciones académicas y los trabajos de consultoría ambiental que se hacen en España. Este artículo resume la primera fase de un proyecto mayor, el proyecto MILL (TRA2010-18311 MILL Modelo de integración del trazado de Infraestructuras lineales en el paisaje basado en SIG), el cual está financiado por el Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011 CICYT del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

NÃO PODEIS SERVIR A DEUS E ÀS RIQUEZAS: OS IMPACTOS ECONÔMICOS NO EVANGELHO DE MATEUS NO CONTEXTO DO JUDAÍSMO DO I SÉCULO

Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo do Evangelho produzido pela comunidade de Mateus, mais especificamente, o trabalho consiste em demonstrar a possibilidade de leitura desse evangelho a partir de implicações econômicas no seio da comunidade que o produziu. Entendemos o Evangelho de Mateus como um dos diversos movimentos judaicos do período pós-destruição do templo em 70 d.C.. Por causa desse contexto percebemos que o Evangelho de Mateus, debate com uma realidade de disputas religiosas desse período. É importante frisar que essas questões possuem vertentes e não terminam no âmbito religioso. As disputas religiosas conseqüentemente têm relações com todas as dimensões da vida, entre elas a econômica. Mateus resignifica para seu grupo a questão das posses, das riquezas, em virtude de uma realidade de crise econômica. E em meio a essa crise o Evangelho de Mateus, a partir de um trabalho redacional, dá novos significados à vida de fé da comunidade à luz das histórias de Jesus recebidas das fontes Marcos e Lucas. Este estudo justifica-se pela lacuna existente no material produzido sobre o Evangelho de Mateus, uma vez que o que é produzido a respeito dessas narrativas quase sempre se preocupa em analisar o conflito entre a comunidade de Mateus e os Fariseus somente no campo religioso deixando de lado as demais possibilidades, entre elas as relações econômicas.(AU)

NÃO PODEIS SERVIR A DEUS E ÀS RIQUEZAS: OS IMPACTOS ECONÔMICOS NO EVANGELHO DE MATEUS NO CONTEXTO DO JUDAÍSMO DO I SÉCULO

Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo do Evangelho produzido pela comunidade de Mateus, mais especificamente, o trabalho consiste em demonstrar a possibilidade de leitura desse evangelho a partir de implicações econômicas no seio da comunidade que o produziu. Entendemos o Evangelho de Mateus como um dos diversos movimentos judaicos do período pós-destruição do templo em 70 d.C.. Por causa desse contexto percebemos que o Evangelho de Mateus, debate com uma realidade de disputas religiosas desse período. É importante frisar que essas questões possuem vertentes e não terminam no âmbito religioso. As disputas religiosas conseqüentemente têm relações com todas as dimensões da vida, entre elas a econômica. Mateus resignifica para seu grupo a questão das posses, das riquezas, em virtude de uma realidade de crise econômica. E em meio a essa crise o Evangelho de Mateus, a partir de um trabalho redacional, dá novos significados à vida de fé da comunidade à luz das histórias de Jesus recebidas das fontes Marcos e Lucas. Este estudo justifica-se pela lacuna existente no material produzido sobre o Evangelho de Mateus, uma vez que o que é produzido a respeito dessas narrativas quase sempre se preocupa em analisar o conflito entre a comunidade de Mateus e os Fariseus somente no campo religioso deixando de lado as demais possibilidades, entre elas as relações econômicas.(AU)