叔丁基环戊二烯基稀土氯化物及烷基配合物的合成、结构及性能

本文以叔丁基环戊二烯基为配体，合成并表征了几类新的稀土有机配合物：无水氯化稀土与等当量的叔丁基环戊二烯基钠在THF中反应，首次合成了单环取代二氯化稀土齐聚物。[(t-BuCpLnCl_2·THF)_2·NaCl·THF]_n Ln=Nd, Gd, Yb X射线分析，证明了配合物[(t-BuCpNdCl_2·THF)_2·NaCl·THF]_n是通过一个μ_3-Cl桥而成链的。二（叔丁基环戊二烯基）稀土一氯化物与甲基锂反应，制得了二（叔丁基环戊二烯基）稀土甲基配合物。[(t-BuCp)_2LnCH_3]_2，Ln=Pr，Nd，Gd对二（叔丁基环戊二烯基）钕甲基配合物进行了晶体结构测定，证实了该配合物是一个含对称甲基碳桥的二聚体。二（叔丁基环戊二烯基）稀土一氯化物与叔丁基锂反应，分离到了三个二（叔丁基环戊二烯基）稀土叔丁基配合物。(t-BuCp)_2 Nd(t-Bu)(DME) (t-BuCp)_2 Ln(t-Bu), Ln=Pr, Gd对配合物(t-BuCp)_2 Dd(t-Bu)(DME)进行了X光分析仅得到了它的晶胞参数，晶体结构未能解出。此外，利用二（叔丁基环戊二烯基）钕甲基配合物与二（异丁基）氢铝室温下反应，得到一个双核配合物：(t-BuCp)_2Nd(μ-ch_3)(μ-H)Al(i-Bu)_2对上述几类配合物分别进行了元素分析、红外光谱、水解质谱等表征，本文还研究了配合物[(t-BuCp)_2 LnCH_3]_2引发苯乙烯的聚合活性。证明它们可以单独作为催化剂引发苯乙烯取合。其活性与稀土离子的性质、催化剂用量等有关，不同配合物，其活性顺序为：Nd>Pr>Gd。催化聚合所得到的聚合物主要是无规取苯乙烯。

环戊二烯基轻稀土烷基配合物的合成、表征和反应性能的研究

本文通过LnCl_3·2LiCl (Ln=La, Nd)和等摩尔的CH_3C_5H_4Na在四氢呋喃中于室温反应，得到了一种新的阴离子型配合物[Li(THF)_2]_2 (M-Cl)_4[(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)Ln·THF] (Ln=La, Nd)，对其进行了元素分析，红外光谱和核磁谱的鉴定，并测得了[Li(THF)_2]_2 (M-Cl)_4[(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)Nd·THF]的X-光晶体结构。晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为P_(21/n)，晶脆参数为a=12.130(5)，b=17.343(5)，c=17.016(5)A，β=108.54(3)°，V=3393.87A~3，E=4，R=0.0505，中心钕原子分别与CH_3Cp~-。THF和四个桥氯配位，形成稳定的八配位的八面体结构。通过[Li(THF)_2]_2(M-Cl)_4[(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)Nd·THF]与2摩尔的t-BuLi在四氢呋喃和戊烷的混和溶液中反应，分离得到一种新的阴离子型配合物晶体，经元素分析，红外光谱，核磁和水解色质谱的鉴定，证明为[Li(DME)_3][(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)Nd(t-Bu)_3]，此配合物不仅对空气和水汽极为敏感，而且对温度也很敏感，即使在-5 ℃下放置也会逐渐分解，发生β-H消除。我们进一步研究了LnCl_3·2LiCl与2摩尔的C_5H_5Na的四氢呋喃反应液在低温下与等摩尔的CH_3Li乙醚溶液反应，从中分离得到一种新的阴离子型烷基配合物晶体[Li(DME)_3][(η~5-C_5H_5)_3LnCH_3] (Ln=La, Nd)对其进行了元素分析，红外光谱，核磁和水解色质谱的鉴定。此外，从这一反应中还得到另一种副产物，经X-光结构鉴定为[Li(DME)_3]~+{[(η~5-C_5H_5)Nd(M-Cl)_2Nd(η~5-C_5H_5)](M-Cl)_4(M_4-D)[(η~5-C_5H_5)Nd(M-CH_3)_2Nd(η~5-C_5H_5)]}~(2-)[Li(DME)_3]~+。本文还研究了NdCl_3·2LiCl与2倍摩尔的CH_3C_5H_4Na的四氢呋喃反应液和等摩CH_3Li乙醚溶液于-78 ℃下反应，从中分离得到另一种新的阴离子型配合物[Li(DME)_3][(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)_3NdCH_3]并对其进行了元素分析，红外光谱的鉴定。我们还研究了配合物[Li(DME)_3][(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)Nd(t-Bu)_3]对苯乙烯的催化聚合活性，发现它可以单独引发苯乙烯聚合，得无规聚苯乙烯。

1. 稀土催化体系异戊二烯本体聚合动力学 2. 不同催化剂对聚异戊二烯甲苯溶液的作用

本文回顾和评述了Ziegler-Natra催化双烯定向聚合的发展，现状及展望，特别是较为详细地讨论了稀土体系的聚合催化剂，聚合机理，聚合动力学以及双烯本体聚合的有关问题。本工作的第一部分内容研究了异戊二烯在Nd(naph)_3 + Al(i-Bu)_3 + Al_2Et_3Cl_3催化体系作用下的本体聚合热效应及本休聚合动力学。指出任本实验条件，温度在-10 ℃ - +5 ℃范围内，聚合体系内温度和聚合环境温度基本一致。在此实验条件下，聚合过程可分为三阶段：聚合初期，聚合活性中心数目尚未稳定，聚合速率逐渐增大，为非稳态聚合阶段；聚合中期，聚合速率恒定，聚合呈稳态特征；聚合后期，聚合为扩散控制阶段。并得到稳太聚合阶段的聚合动力学方程 R_p = k_p[Cat]~(1.96)M. 其聚合反应表观活化能为16.7 kcal/mol。同时考究了聚合物特性粘数和分子量随聚合转化率，聚合催化剂用量，聚合温度等等变化民政部实验结果表明，该催化体系异戊二烯本体聚合仍具有活性聚合的某些特征。本工作的第二部分根据不同催化剂对聚异戊二烯甲苯溶液的作用结果，解释了TiCl_4 + Al(i-Bu)_3催化体系异戊二烯本体聚合转化率很低。聚合产物的凝胶含量较高，而NCl(naph)_3 + Al(i-Bu)_3 + Al_2Et_3Cl_3催化体系异戊二烯本体聚合转化率很容易达到80%。 聚合产物基本不含凝胶的实验事实。实验结果表明，将Ti催化剂加入异戊胶液中，有凝胶生成，且凝胶生成量随催化剂用量的增大而增大。而Nd催化剂不能使异戊胶液生成凝胶。这证实了在异戊二烯本体聚合和溶液聚合中，由于Ti催化剂的阳离子活性，可使线性聚异戊二烯中的不饱合双键发生阳离子反应，生成聚集体结构，星形结构、三维网状结构等三种可能结构的凝胶大分子。从而说明因生成结构紧密的凝胶分子将聚合活性中心紧紧地包围在其中，单体向活性能心扩散困难，致使Ti体系异戊二烯聚合转化率很难提高。根据红外及核磁谱图，Ti或Nd催化剂的加入均未改变聚合物的微观结构，更无环化结构生成。认为聚合物在两催化剂作用下，特性粘数的降低是由于聚合物链存在的不稳定位置及不饱合双键在催化剂的作用下发生了断链或断链后进一步支化所引起的。

对金属稀土金属有机配合物的合成、结构及催化性质研究

合成出三类18种双金属稀土金属有机配合物：第一类：Ln-Li双金属π－烯丙基稀土配合物－LiLn(π-C_3H_5)_4 nD(Ln=La、Tb, n=3; Ln=Y、Dy, n=2.5; Ln=Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Er, n=2; D=二氧六环）。第二类：Ln-Mg双金属π－烯丙基稀土配合物-(π-C_3H_5)_2CnCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2 (Ln=Ce、Nd)和(π-C_4H_7)_2LnCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2 (Ln=La、Ce、Nd; C_4H_7=i-C_4H_7)。第三类：Ln-Al双金属配合物－[(CF_3CO_2)_3LnHAlR_2·2THF]_2 (Ln=Y、Nd, R=i-Bu; Ln=Eu, R=Et)。用四园X－ray衍射仪在低温下测定了LiCe(π-C_3H_5)_4·4D、[(CF_3CO_2)_3YHAl(i-Bu)_2 2THF]_2、[(CF_3CO_2)_3NdHAl(i-Bu)_2 2THF]_2和[(CF_3CO_2)_3EuHAlEt_2·2THF]_2的晶体结构。对[(CF_3CO_2)_3YHAl(i-Bu)_2·2THF]_2和LiLn(π-C_3H_5)_4 nD类配合物进行了较详细的NMR研究。二维C－H相关NMR谱表明在[(CF_3CO_2)_3YHAl(i-Bu)_2·2THF]_2配合物中6个CF_3CO_2~-有2个羰基的C与H成键，该结果解释了Ln-Al双金属配合物中相应羰基的非平面结构现象。研究表明LiLn(π-CC_3H_5)_4·nD可催化异戊二烯和苯乙烯均聚合；不同配合物中均以Y配合物的活性为最高。(π-C_3H_5)_2CeCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2对异戊二烯、丁二烯、苯乙烯以及甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的聚合有较低的催化活性；(π-C_4H_7)_2LnCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2也对苯乙烯和异戊二烯的聚合有一定的催化活性。分别以LiCe(π-C_3H_5)_4·4D和(π-C_3H_5)_2CeCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2作为稀土配位催化剂的模型配合物，研究了其催化所得聚异戊二烯的端基结构。表明聚合物均具有烯丙基端基(-CH_2-CH=CH_2)。证明单体在Ce~(3+)和π－烯丙基之间发生了插入反应，聚合按π－烯丙基机理进行。该结果首次为稀土配位催化共轭双烯烃聚合的活性链端π－烯丙基机理提供了直接的实验证据。(π-C_3H_5)_2CeCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2-Al(i-Bu)_3(Al/Ce(摩尔比)=4))体系对异戊二烯的聚合具有较高的催化活性，所得聚合物仍具有－CH_3-CH=CH_2端基，而没有i-Bu端基。该结果又一次为上述π-烯丙基机理提供了直接的实验证据。发现Ln(CF_3CO_2)_3-AlEt_3体系可催化THF开环聚合。首次实现稀土催化THF开环聚合。研究了Y(CF_3CO_2)_3-HAl(i-Bu)_2-ECH（环氧氯丙烷）体系催化THF开环聚合法性及聚合机理。讨论了各种聚合条件对该体系催化活性的影响。研究了[(CF_3Co_2)YHAl(i-Bu)_2·2THF]_2在ECH存在下催化THF聚合活性并认为该双金属配合物为Y(CF_3CO_2)_3-HAl(i-Bu)_2-ECH体系的活性体。[(CF_3CO_2)_3YHA(i-Bu)_2·2THF]_2和[(CF_3CO_2)_3EuHAlEt_2·2THF]_2均可催化ECH和MMA聚合，所得PMMA的间同(rr)含量可达76.5％。

稀土催化异戊二烯聚合研究——均相与非均相稀土催化剂的特点及其聚合物的链结构与分子结构

本文用IR（包括Far-IR），~1H－NMR研究了二元稀土催化剂Nd(OPr~1)_2Cl - AlR_3 （均相）Nd(OPr~1)Cl_2 - AlR_3 （非均相）组份间的交换反应及活性中心结构，并用膨胀计法研究了它们各自催化异戊二烯聚合动力学。进而与典型的三元稀土催化剂：Nd(naph)_3 - Al(i-Bu)_2H - Me_2SiCl_2 (均相) Nd(naph)_3 - Al(i-Bu)_3H - Al_2Et_3Cl_3 (非均相) 共同比较。获得了主要的动力学参数均相与非均相稀土催化剂各自组分间的反应是不同的。均相体系异戊二烯聚合反应活化能低于非均相体系；相同的催化剂相态，催化剂活性越高，聚合反应活化能越低；均相与非均相稀土催化剂聚异戊二烯均为线性无支化高分子。

High-Saturation-Power and High-Speed Ge-on-SOI p-i-n Photodetectors

Ge-on-silicon-on-insulator p-i-n photodetectors were fabricated using an ultralow-temperature Ge buffer by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition. For a detector of 70-mu m diameter, the 1-dB small-signal compression power was about 110.5 mW. The 3-dB bandwidth at 3-V reverse bias was 13.4 GHz.

Near-Infrared Femtosecond Laser for Studying the Strain in Si1-xGex Alloy Films via Second-Harmonic Generation

The second-harmonic generation (SHG) from Si1-xGex alloy films has been investigated by near-infrared femtosecond laser. Recognized by s-out polarized SHG intensity versus rotational angle of sample, the crystal symmetry of the fully strained Si0.83Ge0.17 alloy is found changed from the O-h to the C-2 point group due to the inhomogeneity of the strain. Calibrated by double crystal X-ray diffraction, the strain-induced chi((2)) is estimated at 5.7 x 10(-7) esu. According to the analysis on p-in/s-out SHG, the strain-relaxed Si0.10Ge0.90 alloy film is confirmed to be not fully relaxed, and the remaining strain is quantitatively determined to be around 0.1%.

Far-field and beam characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We have determined the far-field patterns and beam parameters of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with different structures. The results show that the window diameter and the active-layer aperture of VCSELs strongly influence laser far-field distributions and beam characteristics; for VCSELs with small window omega=5 mu m, only one dominant lobe has been observed in the far-field profiles, even though injected current was increased up to 2 Ith; and the smaller the ratio of the window diameter to the active-layer aperture, the larger is the far-field divergence. The laser structure dependence of the K factor has also been studied. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.

First-principles investigation of the electronic structure and magnetism of eskolaite

The electronic structure and magnetism of eskolaite are studied by using first-principles calculations where the on-site Coulomb interaction and the exchange interaction are taken into account and the LSDA+U method is used.The calculated energies of magnetic configurations are very well fitted by the Heisenberg Hamiltonian with interactions in five neighbour shells; interaction with two nearest neighbours is found to be dominant. The Neel temperature is calculated in the spin-3/2 pair-cluster approximation. It is found that the measurements are in good agreement with for the values of U and J that are close to those obtained within the constrained occupation method.The band gap is of the Mott-Hubbard type.

Competitions of magnetism and superconductivity in FeAs-based materials

Using the numerical unrestricted Hartree-Fock approach, we study the ground state of a two-orbital model describing newly discovered FeAs-based superconductors. We observe the competition of a (0, π) mode spin-density wave and the superconductivity as the doping concentration changes. There might be a small region in the electron-doping side where the magnetism and superconductivity coexist. The superconducting pairing is found to be spin singlet,orbital even, and coexisting sxy + dx~2-y~2 wave (even parity).

Ground state energy of He isoelectronic sequence treated variationally via Hylleraas-like wavefunction

In this study, the energy for the ground state of helium and a few helium-like ions (Z=1-6) is computed variationally by using a Hylleraas-like wavefunction. A four-parameters wavefunction, satisfying boundary conditions for coalescence points, is combined with a Hylleraas-like basis set which explicitly incorporates r12 interelectronic distance. The main contribution of this work is the introduction of modified correlation terms leading to the definition of integral transforms which provide the calculation of expectation value of energy to be done analytically over single-particle coordinates instead of Hylleraas coordinates.

An asymmetric broad waveguide structure for a 0.98-μm high-conversion-efficiency diode laser

A novel asymmetric broad waveguide diode laser structure was designed for high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The internal quantum efficiency, the series resistance, and the thermal resistance were theoretically optimized. The series resistance and the thermal resistance were greatly decreased by optimizing the thickness of the P-waveguide and the P-cladding layers. The internal quantum efficiency was increased by introducing a novel strain-compensated GaAs_0.9P_0.1/InGaAs quantum well. Experimentally, a single 1-cm bar with 20% fill factor and 900 μm cavity length was mounted P-side down on a microchannel-cooled heatsink, and a peak PCE of 60% is obtained at 26.3-W continuous wave output power.The results prove that this novel asymmetric waveguide structure design is an efficient approach to improve the PCE.