Transfer of Administrative HR Services to Global Service Center in Poland

Liiketoimintaa tukevien palvelujen etätuotanto edustaa uutta kansainvälistymisen muotoa. Kehittyvien markkinoiden nousu yhdistettynä yritysten arvoketjutoimintojen kansainvälistymiseen on luonut yrityksille kasvavan paineen etsiä parasta sijaintia toiminnoilleen. Monikansalliset yritykset ovat yhä useammin korvanneet paikallisia henkilöstöpalvelujaan siirtymällä globaaliin malliin jaettujen palvelujen tuotannossa. Tämä diplomityö on toteutettu tukeakseen UPM:n henkilöstöhallintoa globaalin palvelukeskuksen perustamisessa Puolaan. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on laajentaa käsitystä henkilöstöpalvelujen tarjontamallin uudistamiseen johtaneista tekijöistä ja motiiveista. Empiirisen tutkimuksen tärkein tavoite on tukea rekrytoinnin hallinnollisten töiden siirtoa globaaliin palvelukeskukseen palvelun laadun säilyessä vähintään aikaisemmalla tasolla. Tutkimuksen tulokset painottavat strategista näkökulmaa muutokseen. Strategiset syyt UPM:n henkilöstöhallinnon globaalin palvelukeskuksen perustamiselle sisältävät ylikapasiteetin ja päällekkäisten toimintojen vähentämisen eri maissa. Muutos lisää palvelun joustavuutta sekä edesauttaa toiminnan läpinäkyvyyttä, ennustettavuutta ja kustannusten valvontaa. Onnistuneesti toteutetut jaetut palvelut voivat toimia hyvänä lähtökohtana tehokkaiden henkilöstöpalvelujen tuottamiselle.

Understanding and improving quality of secondary school education : conceptions among teachers in Tanzania

Temat för studien handlar om gymnasielärares uppfattningar om kvalitet och om hur kvalitet kan utvecklas i gymnasieutbildningen in Tanzania. Studien är till sin karaktär kvalitativ och består av utprövade semistrukturerade intervjuer med sammanlagt trettio lärare som arbetar i fyra gymnasieskolor både i urbana och rurala miljöer. Lärarna har varierande arbetserfarenhet och undervisar i olika ämnen. Huvudfokus har gällt identifieringen av variationer i lärares uppfattningar om kvalitet. På basen av två forskningsfrågor avslöjar analysen uppfattningar av hur lärare förstår och önskar utveckla kvaliteten på gymnasieutbildningen. Resultaten visar att lärare förstår kvaliteten på utbildningen i sina skolor som försök att möta skolans och samhällets mål, som individuella prestationer och förmågor som att inneha kompetenser och som att möta utmaningar inom utbildning, Identifierade uppfattningar var baserade på lärarnas personliga kunskap, arbetsmiljön och varierande omständigheter som rådde i deras skolor. Uppfattningar om en förbättring av kvaliteten i gymnasieutbildningen innefattade utveckling av lärares motivation, skolmiljön, arbetet i klassrum, kvaliteten på lärares kunskaper och färdigheter och undervisningsmaterial. Ambitionen bakom studien ar att erbjuda en plattform för strategier för att förbättra kvaliteten på gymnasieutbildningen. Resultaten strävar till att ge en fördjupad insikt i uppfattningar hos en utvald grupp av lärare som arbetar under samma villkor inom gymnasieskolor I Tanzania. Av den här anledningen är den genererade kunskapen därför relevant för att belysa lärares uppfattningar även utanför den studerade gruppen av respondenter.

Nuorten kokemien elämysten yksilölliset ja yhteisölliset merkitykset

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan nuorten antamia merkityksiä elämykseksi nimetylle kokemukselle ja tunteelle. Tavoitteena on ollut selvittää elämysten kokemista nuorten näkökulmasta ja suhteuttaa nuorten kokemuksilleen antamia merkityksiä laajemmin nuoruutta ja elämyksien kokemista käsittelevään yhteiskunnalliseen keskusteluun. Elämysten merkityksellistämistä analysoidaan suhteessa identiteetin muodostukseen. Yksilöllisesti koetut elämykset saavat merkityksensä diskursiivisesti rakentuneen todellisuuden ympäröimänä. Tutkimus paikantuu sosiologisen nuorisotutkimuksen ja tunteiden tutkimuksen alaan sekä metodologisesti fenomenologis-konstruktivistisen tutkimuksen alaan. Tutkimuksen taustalla on elämyshakuisuutta käsittelevä teoria. Elämyshakuisuuden tulkinta fenomenologisesta viitekehyksestä tuo käsitteen ymmärtämiseen uuden ulottuvuuden. Elämyshakuisuus kuvaa asennoitumistapaa eli sitä, miten yksilö orientoituu ympäröivään maailmaan. Tällöin ei edellytetä intentionaalisten tekojen tietoista luonnetta. Toiminnalliset prosessit muovautuvat vuorovaikutuksen myötä samaan tapaan kuin ihminen ruumiillisena subjektina muovautuu. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu lukion ensimmäisen luokan oppilaiden kirjoituksista (519 kpl), lastensuojeluinstituutioissa ja kuntoutuskeskuksissa asuvien nuorten yksilöteemahaastatteluista (16 nuorta) sekä seikkailualan asiantuntijoiden teemahaastatteluista (20 aikuista). Nuorten kirjoitukset on kerätty vuosina 1996–1997 ja 2002–2003. Aineiston analyysi on aineistolähtöinen. Erilaiset osa-aineistot työssäni avaavat erilaisia näkökulmia elämysten kokemiseen. Aineistojen analyysi ja tutkimukset teoreettiset lähtökohdat ovat rakentuneet analyysin edetessä ja vuorovaikutussuhteessa toisiinsa. Nuorten elämyksiä käsittelevä kerronta on moninaista ja elämyksiä koetaan erilaisissa tilanteissa. Elämykselle ei ole yhtä määritelmää, kokemisen paikkaan tai kokemisen syytä vaan kokemuksen merkitys rakentuu tilanteisesti. Elämys kuitenkin erottuu muista kokemuksista sen muistettavuuden, ainutlaatuisuuden, uutuuden ja intensiivisyyden perusteella. Nuorten elämyksellisissä hetkissä korostuvat harrastusten yhteydessä koetut uudet, erilaiset, yhteisöllisesti jaetut, mutta myös maailmaa nuorille avaavat itsenäisyyden tunnetta ja hallintaa tuottavat kokemukset. Yksi merkittävä uusia elämyksiä ja tietoa tuottava asia nuorten elämässä on seurustelu. Myös matkailu, erilaiset retket ja leirit olivat nuorille elämyksiä tuottavia tilanteita. Kaikilla nuorilla ei kuitenkaan ole sellaisia harrastuksia, joihin he olisivat sitoutuneita tai joissa he pääsisivät ilmaisemaan itseään ja kokemaan onnistumista. Nuorten elämyksiä käsittelevissä hetkissä nuorten vapaa-ajan toiminta, ympäristö ja sosiaaliset suhteet ovat keskeisessä asemassa. Nuoret eivät ensisijaisesti ajatelleet itse etsivänsä tai toisten nuorten etsivän elämyksiä viihdeteollisuuden tuottamista asioista. Elämyksissä arvostettiin aitoutta ja koettu tunne määritti sitä, oliko jokin koettu elämyksenä vai ei. Toisaalta erilaisten päihteiden todettiin mahdollisesti tuottavan elämyksiä, mutta niidenkin yhteydessä korostettiin usein muita asioita kokemusta rakentavina. Nuorten elämyskokemuksissa toisten nuorten merkitys, luottamus, läheisyyteen ja hyväksyntään liittyvät kokemukset korostuvat. Myös aikuisten asiantuntijoiden omaa nuoruutta käsittelevät elämykset olivat emotionaaliselta merkitykseltään hyvin samanlaisia kuin tämän päivän nuorten esittämät. Elämyksiksi miellettyjä kokemuksia pidettiin arvokkaina. Niiden uskottiin suuntaavan yksilön toimintaa.

Knowledge, processes and relationships in organizational change: Understanding how to facilitate management of intellectual capital in diverse organization structures and cultures.

This study examined relationships of organizational dependencies, change management and developed intellectual knowledge resources, in different intellectual capital based development programs on ICT-sector. Study was carried out in a research context, where high degree of external organizational contingencies existed and lots of changes in several development programs had taken place in the last years. From a scientific perspective the main contribution was that evidence between relationships of organizational dependencies, change model portfolio and developed knowledge resources could be suggested. From managerial perspective the primary implication was that in situations where sustainable competitive advantage is pursued by means of increasing knowledge based productivity of labor, firms should seek to pursue organizational settings where external dependencies have minimal amount of effect.

Understanding, Managing And Developing A Well-Being Service Brand

The aim of this study is to analyze and understand a well-being service brand. Brands most definitely are a hot topic of today’s business world. Companies have started to realize the importance of branding, especially when talking about product related industries. Branding of services is a relatively new concept, which has gained less attention within academic literature. Though there is no legal distinction between product and service brands, they both have their own characteristics and qualities. The focus of the study is especially on the current brand images of both internal and external stakeholder groups. Understanding these brand perceptions will help in managing and developing the brand, so that it becomes even stronger, more recognized, and unified. This study is a quantitative, semi hypothetic-deductive single case study. The data for this study was collected throughout an online survey. The respondents represent both internal stakeholders, in direct contact with the service, as well as external stakeholders, who have no previous history with the service brand. The respondents represent a wide age spread, and are also geographically diverse. The study relies on a Finnish context. The study provides numerous managerial takeaways, especially because of its wide scope, on a topic that has never before been studied. All findings strongly reflected existing service brand theory, in addition with making the findings implementable for the case company.

Understanding the complexity in low dimensional systems

Complex System is any system that presents involved behavior, and is hard to be modeled by using the reductionist approach of successive subdivision, searching for ''elementary'' constituents. Nature provides us with plenty of examples of these systems, in fields as diverse as biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and fluid mechanics, and engineering. What happens, in general, is that for these systems we have a situation where a large number of both attracting and unstable chaotic sets coexist. As a result, we can have a rich and varied dynamical behavior, where many competing behaviors coexist. In this work, we present and discuss simple mechanical systems that are nice paradigms of Complex System, when they are subjected to random external noise. We argue that systems with few degrees of freedom can present the same complex behavior under quite general conditions.

Roles of leadership in complex environments : Enhancing Knowledge Flows in Organisational Constellations through Practice-Based Innovation Processes

Global challenges, complexity and continuous uncertainty demand development of leadership approaches, employees and multi-organisation constellations. Current leadership theories do not sufficiently address the needs of complex business environments. First of all, before successful leadership models can be applied in practice, leadership needs to shift from the industrial age to the knowledge era. Many leadership models still view leadership solely through the perspective of linear process thinking. In addition, there is not enough knowledge or experience in applying these newer models in practice. Leadership theories continue to be based on the assumption that leaders possess or have access to all the relevant knowledge and capabilities to decide future directions without external advice. In many companies, however, the workforce consists of skilled professionals whose work and related interfaces are so challenging that the leaders cannot grasp all the linked viewpoints and cross-impacts alone. One of the main objectives of this study is to understand how to support participants in organisations and their stakeholders to, through practice-based innovation processes, confront various environments. Another aim is to find effective ways of recognising and reacting to diverse contexts, so companies and other stakeholders are better able to link to knowledge flows and shared value creation processes in advancing joint value to their customers. The main research question of this dissertation is, then, to seek understanding of how to enhance leadership in complex environments. The dissertation can, on the whole, be characterised as a qualitative multiple-case study. The research questions and objectives were investigated through six studies published in international scientific journals. The main methods applied were interviews, action research and a survey. The empirical focus was on Finnish companies, and the research questions were examined in various organisations at the top levels (leaders and managers) and bottom levels (employees) in the context of collaboration between organisations and cooperation between case companies and their client organisations. However, the emphasis of the analysis is the internal and external aspects of organisations, which are conducted in practice-based innovation processes. The results of this study suggest that the Cynefin framework, complexity leadership theory and transformational leadership represent theoretical models applicable to developing leadership through practice-based innovation. In and of themselves, they all support confronting contemporary challenges, but an implementable method for organisations may be constructed by assimilating them into practice-based innovation processes. Recognition of diverse environments, their various contexts and roles in the activities and collaboration of organisations and their interest groups is ever-more important to achieving better interaction in which a strategic or formal status may be bypassed. In innovation processes, it is not necessarily the leader who is in possession of the essential knowledge; thus, it is the role of leadership to offer methods and arenas where different actors may generate advances. Enabling and supporting continuous interaction and integrated knowledge flows is of crucial importance, to achieve emergence of innovations in the activities of organisations and various forms of collaboration. The main contribution of this dissertation relates to applying these new conceptual models in practice. Empirical evidence on the relevance of different leadership roles in practice-based innovation processes in Finnish companies is another valuable contribution. Finally, the dissertation sheds light on the significance of combining complexity science with leadership and innovation theories in research.

Building organizational creativity – a multitheory and multilevel approach for understanding and stimulating organizational creativity

Organizational creativity is increasingly important for organizations aiming to survive and thrive in complex and unexpectedly changing environments. It is precondition of innovation and a driver of an organization’s performance success. Whereas innovation research increasingly promotes high-involvement and participatory innovation, the models of organizational creativity are still mainly based on an individual-creativity view. Likewise, the definitions of organizational creativity and innovation are somewhat equal, and they are used as interchangeable constructs, while on the other hand they are seen as different constructs. Creativity is seen as generation of novel and useful ideas, whereas innovation is seen as the implementation of these ideas. The research streams of innovation and organizational creativity seem to be advancing somewhat separately, although together they could provide many synergy advantages. Thereby, this study addresses three main research gaps. First, as the knowledge and knowing is being increasingly expertized and distributed in organizations, the conceptualization of organizational creativity needs to face that perspective, rather than relying on the individual-creativity view. Thus, the conceptualization of organizational creativity needs clarification, especially as an organizational-level phenomenon (i.e., creativity by an organization). Second, approaches to consciously build organizational creativity to increase the capacity of an organization to demonstrate novelty in its knowledgeable actions are rare. The current creativity techniques are mainly based on individual-creativity views, and they mainly focus on the occasional problem-solving cases among a limited number of individuals, whereas, the development of collective creativity and creativity by the organization lacks approaches. Third, in terms of organizational creativity as a collective phenomenon, the engagement, contributions, and participation of organizational members into activities of common meaning creation are more important than the individualcreativity skills. Therefore, the development approaches to foster creativity as social, emerging, embodied, and collective creativity are needed to complement the current creativity techniques. To address these gaps, the study takes a multiparadigm perspective to face the following three objectives. The first objective of this study is to clarify and extend the conceptualization of organizational creativity. The second is to study the development of organizational creativity. The third is to explore how an improvisational theater based approach fosters organizational creativity. The study consists of two parts comprising the introductory part (part I) and six publications (part II). Each publication addresses the research questions of the thesis through detailed subquestions. The study makes three main contributions to the research of organizational creativity. First, it contributes toward the conceptualization of organizational creativity by extending the current view of organizational creativity. This study views organizational creativity as a multilevel construct constituting both of individual and collective (group and organizational) creativity. In contrast to current views of organizational creativity, this study bases on organizational (collective) knowledge that is based on and demonstrated through the knowledgeable actions of an organization as a whole. The study defines organizational creativity as an overall ability of an organization to demonstrate novelty in its knowledgeable actions (through what it does and how it does what it does).Second, this study contributes toward the development of organizational creativity as multi-level phenomena, introducing developmental approaches that face two or more of these levels simultaneously. More specifically, the study presents the cross-level approaches to building organizational creativity, by using an approach based in improvisational theater and considering assessment of organizational renewal capability. Third, the study contributes on development of organizational creativity using an improvisational theater based approach as twofold meaning. First, it fosters individual and collective creativity simultaneously and builds space for creativity to occur. Second, it models collective and distributed creativity processes, thereby, contributing to the conceptualization of organizational creativity.

Jisc: Building a Cohesive Repository Shared Services Infrastructure for the UK

Panel at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

HiberActive: Pro-Active Archiving of Web References from Scholarly Articles

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Fedora 4 as a Shared Linked Data repository for the Art Institute of Chicago Collections

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Promoting Interoperability and Services Through Shared Identifiers

Panel at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014