Mendelsohn Family Collection, Zeitz, Saxony 1870-1945

Names and dates of 5 members of the Mendelsohn family from Zeitz, Saxony, who were killed during World War I and during the Holocaust

Suomi ja Euroopan kirkollinen jälleenrakentaminen 1945-1948

The international aid that the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland received between 1945 and 1948 is the topic of this historical study, in which the process of reconstruction of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is examined in a European context. The key questions are related not only to the achievements of the reconstruction programs but also to the purposes and objectives of the donating churches. The study pays particular attention to the changes in the ecclesiastical, political and economic fields after the Second World War and asks how the tense political atmosphere of a divided world affected the reconstruction programs of the churches. It is possible to distinguish three periods within the European church reconstruction process. To begin with, the year 1945 was, in general, the year of organization. Many churches had started planning reconstruction work already during the war, but only after the conflict in Europe had ceased did they have a chance to renew contacts, assess the damage and begin operations. The years 1946 and 1947 were the main years of the work. Large reconstruction organizations from American churches donated money, food, clothes and vitamins worth millions of dollars to the European churches. The work started to diminish as early as 1948, partly because Marshall Plan aid and the rising standard of living had reduced the need for material assistance in many countries and partly because other problems overshadowed the reconstruction work of the World Council of Churches: for example, most WCC resources at this time were directed to refugee programs and to Third World churhces. The most important donors from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland's point of view were the American Section of the Lutheran World Federation, the World Council of Churches and the Churches of Denmark, Sweden and England. The amount of money and value of goods received by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland totaled approximately 2.5 million dollars, from which about 60 per cent came from the Lutheran churches of America. The importance of the Lutheran World Federation was even greater because of the productive financial arrangements that increased the American Lutheran funds. In addition the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland imported hundreds of tons of tax-free coffee and sold this to Finns. The money gained was used mostly to rebuild destroyed church buildings and to support the work of different ecclesiastical organizations. Smaller amounts were used for scholarship programs, youth work, and supporting sick and disabled church workers.

Erwin Gruen Collection 1945-1995

Various clippings and articles about the work of Erwin Gruen and his Jewish-German background (1965-1993); Letter by Gruen describing his experiences during the Nazi period.

Small State Cultures of Consensus : State Traditions and Consensus-Seeking in the Neo-Corporatist and Neutrality Policies in Post-1945 Austria and Finland

Austria and Finland are persistently referred to as the “success stories” of post-1945 European history. Notwithstanding their different points of departure, in the course of the Cold War both countries portrayed themselves as small and neutral border-states in the world dictated by superpower politics. By the 1970s, both countries frequently ranked at the top end in various international classifications regarding economic development and well-being in society. This trend continues today. The study takes under scrutiny the concept of consensus which figures centrally in the two national narratives of post-1945 success. Given that the two domestic contexts as such only share few direct links with one another and are more obviously different than similar in terms of their geographical location, historical experiences and politico-cultural traditions, the analogies and variations in the anatomies of the post-1945 “cultures of consensus” provide an interesting topic for a historical comparative and cross-national examination. The main research question concerns the identification and analysis of the conceptual and procedural convergence points of the concepts of the state and consensus. The thesis is divided into six main chapters. After the introduction, the second chapter presents the theoretical framework in more detail by focusing on the key concepts of the study – the state and consensus. Chapter two also introduces the comparative historical and cross-national research angles. Chapter three grounds the key concepts of the state and consensus in the historical contexts of Austria and Finland by discussing the state, the nation and democracy in a longer term comparative perspective. The fourth and fifth chapter present case studies on the two policy fields, the “pillars”, upon which the post-1945 Austrian and Finnish cultures of consensus are argued to have rested. Chapter four deals with neo-corporatist features in the economic policy making and chapter five discusses the building up of domestic consensus regarding the key concepts of neutrality policies in the 1950s and 1960s. The study concludes that it was not consensus as such but the strikingly intense preoccupation with the theme of domestic consensus that cross-cut, in a curiously analogous manner, the policy-making processes studied. The main challenge for the post-1945 architects of Austrian and Finnish cultures of consensus was to find strategies and concepts for consensus-building which would be compatible with the principles of democracy. Discussed at the level of procedures, the most important finding of the study concerns the triangular mechanism of coordination, consultation and cooperation that set into motion and facilitated a new type of search for consensus in both post-war societies. In this triangle, the agency of the state was central, though in varying ways. The new conceptions concerning a small state’s position in the Cold War world also prompted cross-nationally perceivable willingness to reconsider inherited concepts and procedures of the state and the nation. At the same time, the ways of understanding the role of the state and its relation to society remained profoundly different in Austria and Finland and this basic difference was in many ways reflected in the concepts and procedures deployed in the search for consensus and management of domestic conflicts. For more detailed information, please consult the author.

Book Review: "The Interface: IBM and the Transformation of Corporate Design, 1945-1975", John Harwood, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011

Within the history of twentieth-century design, there are a number of well-known objects and stories that are invoked time and time again to capture a pivotal moment or summarize a much broader historical transition. For example, Marcel Breuer’s Model B3 chair is frequently used as a stand-in for the radical investigations of form and new industrial materials occurring at the Bauhaus in the mid-1920s. Similarly, Raymond Loewy’s streamlined pencil sharpener has become historical shorthand for the emergence of modern industrial design in the 1930s. And any discussion of the development of American postwar “organic design” seems incomplete without reference to Charles and Ray Eames’s molded plywood leg splint of 1942. Such objects and narratives are dear to historians of modern design. They are tangible, photogenic subjects that slot nicely into exhibitions, historical surveys, and coffee-table best sellers...

Kaupungin savut ja käryt : Helsingin ilmansuojelu 1945-1982

The smoke and fumes of the city: Air protection in Helsinki from 1945 to 1982 This dissertation examines air pollution and air protection in post-war Helsinki. The period studied ends in 1982 when the Air Protection Act entered into force, thus institutionalising air protection in Finland as a socially governed environmental matter. The dissertation is based on the research traditions of environmental politics and urban environmental history. The development of air protection is approached from the perspectives of politicisation and institutionalisation. The dissertation also investigates how air pollution grew into a social issue and presents various discursive ways of analysing air pollution and protection. The primary research material consists of municipal documents and newspapers, while supplementary material includes journal articles and interviews. The event history of air protection is described through an analysis of the material, including source criticism. The social ways of dealing with air pollution and the emergence of air protection are analysed in the light of case-specific air quality disputes from both factual and discursive perspectives. This approach enables the contextualisation of the development of air protection as part of the local history of post-war Helsinki. The dissertation presents the major sources of air pollution in Helsinki and describes the deterioration of air quality in a society which emphasised the primacy of economic prosperity. The air issue emerged during the 1950s in neighbourhood disputes and was exacerbated into a larger problem in the late 1960s. Concurrent to the formation of the field of environmental protection in Finland, an air protection organisation was established in the 1970s in Helsinki. As a result, air protection became a regular part of municipal government. Air protection in Helsinki developed from small-scale policies focused on individual cases into a large, institutionalised air protection system managed by experts. The dissertation research material gave rise to the following major research themes: the economic dimension of the air issue, the role of science in the formation of the environmental problem, and the establishment of norms for acceptable air quality and reasonable limits to air pollution in the urban environment. The paper also discusses the inequitable distribution of the negative effects of air pollution between the residents of different districts. The dissertation concludes that air protection in Helsinki became a local success story although it was long marred by inefficiency and partial failure.

Kämpän kotihengetär vai hyvä jätkä? : Pohjois-Suomen kämppäemännät ja sukupuolen merkitys kämppäelämässä 1945-1975

Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan Pohjois-Suomen savottakämpillä vuosien 1945 1975 välillä työskennelleitä kämppäemäntiä. Kämppäemännät toimivat metsätyöntekijöiden yhteisasunnoissa ruuanlaittajina ja siivoojina. Savottakämpille alettiin palkata kokkeja 1900-luvun alussa ja 1930-luvulta eteenpäin puutavarayhtiöt alkoivat huolehtia heidän palkkaamisestaan. Yhtiöiden palkkaamien ruuanlaittajien ammattinimikkeesi vakiintui kämppäemäntä. Kämppämajoitus väheni 1970-luvun myötä kun metsätyössä siirryttiin työntekijöiden kotikuljetuksiin. Pohjois-Suomessa kämppätyömaita ja kämppäemäntiä oli kuitenkin 1980-luvun lopulle asti. Kämppäemännät työskentelivät maskuliinisella metsäalalla kämppäyhteisöjen ainoina naisina. Tutkielmassa kysytäänkin, minkälaisia käsityksiä ja määritelmiä kämppäemännyyteen yhdistettiin ja miten kämppäemännän sukupuoli näkyy näissä määritelmissä. Lisäksi kysytään, minkälaisina kämpän sisäiset sukupuolten väliset suhteet näyttäytyivät. Tarkastelussa hyödynnetään Yvonne Hirdmanin sukupuolijärjestelmän käsitettä. Tutkimuskysymyksiä lähestytään kolmesta näkökulmasta: Ensin tarkastellaan, miten kämppäemännyyttä määritellään aikalaiskirjallisuudessa. Tässä tarkastelussa tärkeimpänä lähdeaineistona toimivat kämppäemännille suunnatut oppaat. Toiseksi tarkastellaan, miten kämppäemäntinä toimineet naiset vastasivat näihin määritelmiin ja minkälaiseksi he kokivat kämpillä vallinneet sukupuolten väliset suhteet. Kolmanneksi kuvataan, mitä savottakämpillä majoittuneet metsäalalla toimineet miehet näkivät hyvän kämppäemännän ominaisuuksiksi ja minkälaisiksi he kokivat emännän aseman kämppäyhteisössä. Kahden viimeisen näkökulman lähdeaineistona toimii muistitietoaineisto. Kämppäemännät toimivat savottakämpillä erilaisten odotusten ristipaineessa. Kämppäemännän oppaat määrittelevät heidän roolinsa feminiiniseksi ja äidilliseksi. Ne luovat kämppäemännän työstä naisten yhteiskunnallisen roolin mukaista määrittelemällä kämpän kodiksi ja emännän sen hengettäreksi, joka huolehtii miesten hyvinvoinnista. Kämpillä majoittuneet miehet sen sijaan arvostavat kämppäemäntää, joka on rempseä ja huumorintajuinen. Kämppäemännän kuului sopeutua kämpän maskuliiniseen kulttuuriin, mikä onnistui parhaiten osallistumalla sen huumoriin. Kämpän sukupuolijärjestelmä perustui sukupuolitettuun työnjakoon ja kämppätilan sukupuolenmukaiseen jakamiseen. Kämpän keittiö ja emännän huone olivat naisille kuuluvaa yksityisaluetta, josta oltiin yhteydessä miesten puolelle vain tarjoiluluukun välityksellä. Sukupuolten erillään pitämistä perusteltiin kämppäemännän suojelemisella, mutta sen tavoitteena oli myös estää sukupuolisuhteiden syntyminen kämpän miesten ja kämppäemännän välille. Kämppäemäntä olikin virallisesti rauhoitettu ja emännän koskemattomuudesta huolehtiminen oli kämppäyhteisön vastuulla. Kämppäelämässä syntyi kuitenkin seurustelusuhteita ja mahdollisesti myös sukupuolisuhteita. Näistä ei kuitenkaan mielellään kerrota haastatteluissa. Myös seksuaalista häirintää esiintyi. Kämppäemännät kuitenkin korostavat miesten kunnioittavaa suhtautumista heihin. He korostavat, etteivät sukupuolten väliset suhteet olleet ongelmallisia ja painottavat omaa sukupuolimoraaliaan. Kämppäemännät näkevät itsensä kämppäyhteisön jäsenenä, eivätkä halua puhua pahaa muusta yhteisöstä. Vaikeita tilanteita kuvatessaan he korostavat omaa aktiivisuuttaan ja selviytymistään. Kämppäemännät luovat itsestään kuvaa selviytyjinä ja vahvoina naisina.

Fra jungledyr og cykelmyg til frysepunkt og længsel efter kærlighed Et strejftog gennem dansk litteratur på finsk efter 1945

Abstract (A journey through Danish literature translated into Finnish after 1945): Nearly 80 per cent of all literary translations from Danish into Finnish are done after the Second World War. These translations are obviously only a small selection of the Danish national literature, but nevertheless capture important trends and currents in it. Based on a selection of translated works, the article allows a broad introduction to Danish literature available in Finnish. It focuses on children's and youth literature, feminist literature and realistic, magic and civilization critical novels.

Lippu, uhri, kansakunta : Ryhmäkokemukset ja -rajat Suomessa 1917 1945

This dissertation deals with the notions of sacrifice and violence in connection with the Fin¬nish flag struggles between 1917 and 1945. The study begins with the basic idea that sacrificial thinking is a key element in nationalism and the social cohesion of large groups. The method used in the study combines anthropological notions of totemism with psychoanalytical object relation theory. The aim is to explore the social and psychological elements of the Finnish national flag and the workers flags during the times of crisis and nation building. The phenomena and concepts addressed include self-sacrifice, scapegoating, remembrance of war, inclusion, and exclusion. The research is located at the intersection of nationalism studies and the cultural history of war. The analysis is based primarily on the press debates, public speeches and archival sources of the civic organizations that promoted the Finnish flag. The study is empirically divided into three sections: 1) the years of the Revolution and the Civil War (1917 1918), 2) the interwar period (1919 1938), and 3) the Second World War (1939 1945). The research demonstrates that the modern national flags and workers flags in Finland maintain certain characteristics of primitive totems. When referred to as a totem the flag means an emotionally charged symbol, a reservoir of the collective ideals of a large group. Thus the flag issue offers a path to explore the perceptions and memory of sacrifice and violence in the making of the First Republic . Any given large group, for example a nation, must conceptually pursue a consensus on its past sacrifices. Without productive interpretation sacrifice represents only meaningless violence. By looking at the passions associated with the flag the study also illuminates various group identities, boundaries and crossings of borders within the Finnish society at the same time. The study shows further that the divisive violence of the Civil War was first overcome in the late 1930s when the social democrats adopted a new perception of the Red victims of 1918 they were seen as part of the birth pains of the nation, and not only the martyrs of class struggle. At the same time the radical Right became marginalized. The study also illuminates how this development made the Spirit of the Winter War possible, a genuine albeit brief experience of horizontal brother and sisterhood, and how this spirit was reflected in the popular adoption of the Finnish flag. The experience was not based only on the external and unifying threat posed by the Soviet Union: it was grounded in a sense of unifying sacrifice which reflected a novel way of understanding the nation and its past sacrifices. Paradoxically, the newly forged consensus over the necessity and the rewards of the common sacrifices of the Winter War (1939 1940) made new sacrifices possible during the Continuation War (1941 1944). In spite of political discord and war weariness, the concept of a unified nation under the national flag survived even the absurdity of the stationary war phase. It can be said that the conflict between the idea of a national community and parliamentary party politics dissolved as a result of the collective experience of the Second World War.

Hiippakunta diakoniatyön tekijänä ja tukijana : Diakoniatyön kehitys Mikkelin hiippakunnassa 1945-1991

ABSTRACT The diocese as the agent and advocate of diaconial work. The development of diaconial work in the Mikkeli diocese 1945–1991. The roots of Finnish diacony are in the individual devotional life of Pietism. An acting faith had to be evident in acts of love. Following German institutional diacony, diaconial institutions were established in Finland until congregational diacony emerged alongside these institutions in the 1890s. Pastor Otto Aarnisalo acted as a pathfinder in this. He aimed to unite diacony with the Church and the life of the congregation. Diacony had been based on the idea of volunteering to separate it from statutory social work. In 1944 the church law was amended, which made diacony the concern of every member of the congregation. In the years immediately following the Second World War, discussion took place in the Church of Finland about the direction that diacony should take. In the consequential debate, caritative services overcame social diacony. The diocese administration moved to Mikkeli in 1945, when the majority of the Vyborg diocese became part of the USSR in the armistice negotiations. The Mikkeli diocese acted in its diaconial work with the same objectives as the diaconial solutions of the whole church. The acting principle of the diocese diacony became a form of helping which emphasised assistance of the individual. Especially from the 1960s onwards, the country's industrialisation and the reduction of agricultural trade had an effect on the Mikkeli diocese. The diocese administration, specifically Bishop Martti Simojoki and his successor Osmo Alaja, aimed to open up connections to the political left and people working in industry. At least indirectly this helped the diaconial work in industrial localities. In the Mikkeli diocese, a diaconial committee was established in 1971, and its work was overseen by the diocesan chapter of the bishop's office. This enabled the work of the diocese to be organised for the different areas of diacony. Previously, the diaconial work of the Finnish church had primarily been in nursing. The Health Insurance Law of 1972 brought a change to this when the responsibility for health services was transferred to the municipalities. Diacony began to move towards a psychological and spiritual emphasis. Beginning in the 1970s, the diocese started holding diaconial themed days at prescribed intervals. Although these did not result in great realignments, they did help clarify the direction that diacony would take. Large international collections were also carried out, especially in the 1980s. At the same time, socio-ethical activity vitalised and diversified Christian services. The idea that every member of the congregation should practice diacony was a strong factor in the Mikkeli diocese as well. The diocese's vision for diacony was holistic; Christian service was the responsibility of every member of the congregation. During the period of study (1945–1991), the theology of diacony was rather tenuous. Bishop Kalevi Toiviainen, however, brought forth the viewpoint of church doctrine and officially sanctioned theology. Diacony was part of the complete faith of the Church.

Caracterización y evaluación preliminar del Teocinte anual (Zea lexurians D.) recolectado en la zona norte de Chinandega, Nicaragua

Este trabajo trata sobre la caracterización y evaluación preliminar del posible ancestro del maíz, el teocintle anual (Zea luxurians Durie), el cual fue recolectado en la región Nor-occidental de Nicaragua (Villanueva, Chinandega). El experimento se llevó a efecto en el área experimental del Programa Recursos Genéticos Nicaragüenses (REGEN), adscrito a la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA), ubicado en el Km 12 1/2 carretera Norte. Dicha investigación se realizó en el periodo comprendido de Enero a Octubre de 1995. los meses de Enero y Febrero no fueron evaluados debido al fuerte acame de las plantas, y el mes de Octubre no se evaluó debido al deficiente crecimiento y desarrollo. El diseño empleado fue un bifactorial en parcelas divididas con dos bloques. En las parcelas grandes se ubicaron los tratamientos épocas de siembra (meses), y en las parcelas pequeñas se realizó el control de malezas (con maleza y sin maleza en todo el ciclo de la planta. Se utilizaron 45 descriptores, de los cuales cuantitativos y 11 son cualitativos. Según el realizado se observó diferencia significativa 34 son ANDEVA en los caracteres cuantitativos, a excepción de los caracteres de grano. Las mayores alturas de plantas se obtuvieron en las primeras fechas de siembra, sobrepasando los 3m de altura y en cuanto al rendimiento los mayores promedios se presentaron bajo el tratamiento sin maleza. Esta especie responde al fotoperiodo, ya que la floración se produjo entre los meses de Noviembre y Diciembre para los meses de Enero hasta Septiembre y la época de siembra del mes de Octubre se registró entre Diciembre y Enero. De los resultados obtenidos se elaboró un catálogo (valores máximos,medios, mínimos, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación para los descriptores cuantitativos) para los diferentes tratamientos.Debido a la importancia que esta especie representa se debe tomar en cuenta la caracterización In situ y declarar zona protegida el área de origen por riesgos de erosión genética.

Evaluación de tres sistemas de manejo sobre el crecimiento, estructura productiva y calidad del café (Coffea arabica L.) vr. Costa Rica 95

El café(Coffea arabica L) es un componente importante del paisaje y la economía nacional, los arboles de sombra y el manejo agronómico influyen en la ecofisiología y calidad del café,mejorando la sostenibilidad de las fincas cafetaleras y su viabilidad económica; por tal razón es de suma importancia el estudio de diferentes sistemas de manejo agronómico del cafeto asociados o no con arboles de sombra. El presente estudio se realizó en la Finca San Francisco de Inversiones Generales S. A., ubicada en el km 39 ½ de la carretera San Marcos,Las Esquinas, en el departamento de Carazo, en un periodo comprendido de Agosto del 2002 hasta Junio del 2003.Los suelos pertenecen a la serie San Marcos del orden de los Andisoles, la finca tiene una altitud de 670 msnm, precipitación anual de 1400 mm, con temperatura promedio anual de 24 ºC y humedad relativa de 80 %. El objetivo general del experimento fue evaluar tres sistemas de manejo del café sobre el crecimiento, estructura productiva, acumulación de biomasa y nitrógeno en la raíz,tallo,ramas, hojas y frutos;producción y calidad del café oro de los cafetos. El diseño utilizado fue de bloques completos al azar (BCA), con tres tratamientos que consistieron en: a)Café(Coffea arabica L cv. Costa Rica 95) bajo sombra de madero negro (Gliricidia sepium(Jacquin) Kunth ex Walpers) y fertilización química,b)Café a plena explosión solar y fertilización química y c) Café bajo sombra sin fertilización.En cada parcela se seleccionaron 8 plantas a las cuales se les tomaron los datos de altura,diámetro, proyección de copa,nudos totales en el tallo principal, numero de ramas primarias,secundarias y terciarias tanto totales como productivas de la planta y rendimiento de café oro por parcela.Una muestra por tratamiento de café oro en cada una de las cuatro cosechas fue tomada y enviada a CERCAFENIC de UNICAFE en Managua para determinar los aspectos físicos y organolépticos de cada una de las muestras de café oro.Empleando el método destructivo se midió la biomasa y cantidad de nitrógeno acumulado en la raíz, tallo,ramas, hojas y frutos por planta. A cada una de las variables estudiadas se le realizó un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y separación de medias por rangos múltiples de Tukey al 5 % de margen de error.En Agosto del 2002 las plantas de café bajo sombra sin fertilizante,presentaron la mayor biomasa de raíces (Pr = 0.0065) y el mayor contenido de nitrógeno en raíces (Pr = 0.0084), tallo (Pr = 0.0023) y hojas (Pr = 0.0177); el sistema de café a pleno sol y fertilizante obtuvo la mayor biomasa de tallo (Pr = 0.0165), en las variables restantes no se encontró diferencia significativa. Para el mes de Diciembre del 2002 el sistema café a pleno sol y fertilización presentó el mayor número de ramas terciarias totales (Pr =0.0166), en las variables restantes no se encontró diferencia significativa. Los datos del mes de Junio del 2003 presentan al sistema café bajo sombra y fertilizante con la mayor altura (Pr =0.0001) y el mayor número de ramas primarias totales (Pr = 0.0137) y el sistema café a pleno sol y fertilizante con el mayor número de ramas terciarias productivas (Pr = 0.0303)para las demás variables no se encontró diferencia estadística. El sistema de café bajo sombra sin fertilización obtuvo el mejor rendimiento con 438 kg oro ha–1. La calidad del café fue mejor en el sistema café bajo sombra con fertilizante en la cosecha cuatro y cinco presentando una taza OK, tipo GW y calidad como café lavado Nicaragua. Por ser el primer año de estudio, al no presentarse diferencia significativa en la mayoría de las variables se afirma que se inició con una población altamente homogénea lo cual seria de mucha utilidad para los datos que se tomaran en la continuidad de esta investigación.

Comentario a la sentencia Bratislavien.- Tyrnavien. Coram R. P. D. Gregorio Erlebach, Ponente, del 14 de junio de 2002

Introducción: el acto positivo de voluntad cuya existencia ha de ser comprobada cuando se aduce como causal de nulidad matrimonial el can. 1101 §2, es detalladamente examinado en la sentencia coram Erlebach a. 67/02. Se trata de una decisión rotal fechada el 14 de junio de 2002 que, por alguna razón, fue elencada en la relación anual de la rota apenas en 2010, cuyo texto no ha sido publicado en el volumen correspondiente de decisiones del tribunal apostólico

Estudio de tratamientos en semilla de Teocintle anual de Nicaragua (Zea nicaraguensis Iltis y Benz) recolectada en diferentes momentos, comportamiento radicular en dos sustratos en etapa de crecimiento

El teocintle anual de Nicaragua (Zea nicaragüensis Iltis & Benz), es una especie silvestre endémica de Nicaragua, y pariente muy cercano del maíz, sus semillas presentan un alto porcentaje de latencia, por lo que los estudios fuera de su hábitat natural son escasos. Tomando en consideración esta limitante, en el área experimental del Programa Recursos Genéticos Nicaragüenses (REGEN) se estableció un estudio en laboratorio y canteros para identificar tratamientos que inhibieran en un mayor porcentaje la latencia de la semilla. El experimento se agrupó en dos fases: Fase I (ensayo de germinación), Fase II ensayo de la evaluación de los sustratos para medir el crecimiento del (sistema radicular). El diseño empleado para ambas fases fue un Diseño Completo al Azar (DCA) en un arreglo bifactorial con cuatro repeticiones. En la Fase I se evaluaron fechas de recolección de semillas (1991, 1992, 2005 y 2006), y tratamientos para inhibir latencia (ácido giberélico, un testigo, agua oxigenada al 20% y agua oxigenada al 50%. En la Fase II, se evaluó el período de recolección de semillas (1991-1992 y 2005-2006) y sustratos (50% arena + 50% tierra y 100% lombrihumus) sobre variables de crecimiento y del (sistema radicular). Se realizó un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y separación de medias por Duncan (a=0.05). El ANDEVA determinó efecto significativo en los factores evaluados e interacción para los dos ensayos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que en la Fase I el tratamiento agua oxigenada al 50% presentó un mayor número de semillas germinadas, y se encontró que las semillas de teocintle con un mayor período de envejecimiento mostraron los más altos valores de germinación. De igual manera, los pesos secos provenientes de los tallos de plantas jóvenes, así como las raíces de las mismas, presentaron los mayores valores promedios en peso.