商都盆地二氧化碳气成藏条件研究

The bedding sequences, based on the results from others, have been constructed by geological researches. Furthermore, the reservoir, gas-bearing characteristics and reservoir-blanket association have been increasingly understudied by the geological and seismic studies as well as the log data. The deep dynamics for the formation and development of Shangdu basin resulted from complicated fault system and its continued action have been obtained. The studies on the reservoir condition reveal that the mantle-derived magmatism provided the materials for the CO_2 gas reservoir after Paleogene Period and the huge regional fault not only control the evolution of basin and sedimentary but also pay a role as a passage of the CO_2. The sandstone of river course formed in Paleogene System, with very good reservoir condition, are widely developed in the study area. The blanket with good condition is composed by the basalt in Hannuoba Formation and lake facies shale of Shangdou Formation. Local structures and good encirclement are resulted from the different sedimentary environment and later differential sagging. All statements above demonstrate that there is a very good pool-forming condition for the CO_2. In addition, the high abundance of H_2 recognized during drill exploration are also of significance.More than 30 inorganic CO_2 gas reservoirs have been determined during the exploration for the oil-bearing basins in the eastern China, which are developed along the two sides of Tanlu Fault or within it. In which the CO_2 gas reservoir in Shangdou basin is an inorganic gas reservoir far away from Tanlu Fault. Thus the determination of the CO_2 gas reservoir in Shangdou basin is significant for sciences due to the first exploration for the inorganic CO_2 gas reservoir in our country. The geophysical exploration carried on the CO_2 gas reservoir is benefited for the research of prospecting techniques of CO_2 reservoir.

西藏高原草原化嵩草草甸生态系统呼吸及碳平衡

The soil respiration and net ecosystem productivity of Kobresia littledalei meadow ecosystem was investigated at Dangxiong grassland station, one grassland field station of Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station. Soil respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration were measured at the same time by using Li6400-09 chamber in growing season of year 2004. The response of soil respiration and its components, i.e. microbial heterotrophic respiration and root respiration to biotic and abiotic factors were addressed. We studied the daily and seasonal variation on Net Ecosystem carbon Exchange (NEE) measured by eddy covariance equipments and then the regression models between the NEE and the soil temperature. Based on the researches, we analyzed the seasonal variation in grass biomass and estimated NEE combined the Net Ecosystem Productivity with heterogeneous respiration and then assessed the whether the area is carbon source or carbon sink. 1.Above-ground biomass was accumulated since the grass growth started from May; On early September the biomass reached maximum and then decreased. The aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was 150.88 g m~" in 2004. The under-ground biomass reached maximum when the aboveground start to die back. Over 80% of the grass root distributed at the soil depth from 0 to 20cm. The underground NPP was 1235.04 g m"2.. Therefore annual NPP wasl.385X103kg ha"1, i.e.6236.6 kg C ha"1. 2. The daily variation of soil respiration showed single peak curve with maximum mostly at noon and minimum 4:00-6:00 am. Daily variations were greater in June, July and August than those in September and October. Soil respiration had strong correlation with soil temperature at 5cm depth while had weaker correlation with soil moisture, air temperature, surface soil temperature, and so on. But since early September the soil respiration had a obviously correlation with soil moisture at 5cm depth. Biomass had a obviously linearity correlation with soil respiration at 30th June, 20th August, and the daytime of 27th September except at 23lh October and at nighttime of 27th September. We established the soil respiration responding to the soil temperature and to estimate the respiration variation during monsoon season (from June through August) and dry season (May, September and October). The regression between soil respiration and 5cm soil temperature were: monsoon season (June through August), Y=0.592expfl()932\ By estimating , the soil daily respiration in monsoon season is 7.798gCO2m"2 and total soil respiration is 717.44 gCC^m" , and the value of Cho is 2.54; dry season (May, September and October), Y=0.34exp°'085\ the soil daily respiration is 3.355gCO2m~2 and total soil respiration is 308.61 gCC^m", and the value of Cho is 2.34. So the total soil respiration in the grown season (From May to October) is 1026.1 g CO2IT1"2. 3. Soil heterogeneous respiration had a strong correlation with soil temperature especially with soil temperature at 5cm depth. The variation range in soil heterogeneous respiration was widely. The regression between soil heterogeneous respiration and 5cm soil temperature is: monsoon season, Y=0.106exp ' 3x; dry season, Y=0.18exp°"0833x.By estimating total soil heterotrophic respiration in monsoon season is 219.6 gCC^m"2, and the value of Cho is 3.78; While total soil heterogeneous respiration in dry season is 286.2 gCCbm"2, and the value of Cho is 2.3. The total soil heterotrophic respiration of the year is 1379.4kg C ha"1. 4. We estimated the root respiration through the balance between soil respiration and the soil heterotrophic respiration. The contribution of root respiration to total respiration was different during different period: re-greening period 48%; growing period 69%; die-back period 48%. 5. The Ecosystem respiration was relatively strong from May to October, and of which the proportion in total was 97.4%.The total respiration of Ecosystem was 369.6 g CO2 m" .we got the model of grass respiration respond to the soil temperature at 5cm depth and then estimated the daytime grass respiration, plus the nighttime NEE and daytime soil respiration. But when we estimated the grass respiration, we found the result was negative, so the estimating value in this way was not close. 6. The estimating of carbon pool or carbon sink. The NPP minus the soil heterogeneous respiration was the NEE, and it was 4857.3kg C o ha"1, which indicated that the area was the carbon sink.

分子水平上研究地质流体的物理化学性质

Geological fluids exist in every geosphere of the Earth and play important roles in many processes of material transformations, energetic interchanges and geochemical interactions. To study the physicochemical properties and geochemical behaviors of geological fluids turn Girt to be one of the challenging issues in geosciences. Compared with conventional approaches of experiments and semi-theoretical modeling, computer simulation on molecular level shows its advantages on quantitative predictions of the physicochemical properties of geological fluids under extreme conditions and emerges as a promising approach to find the characteristics of geological fluids and their interactions in different geospheres of the Earth interior.This dissertation systematically discusses the physicochemical properties of typical geological fluids with state-of-the-art computer simulation techniques. The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) The experimental phase behaviors of the systems CH4-C2H6 and. CO2 have been successfully reproduced with Monte Carlo simulations. (2) Through comprehensive isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics simulations, the PVT data of water hia^e been extended beyond experimental range to about 2000 K and 20 GPa and an improved equation of state for water has been established. (3) Based on extensive computer simulations, am optimized molecular potential for carbon dioxide have been proposed, this model is expected to predict different properties of carbon dioxide (volumetric properties, phase equilibria, heat of vaporization, structural and dynamical properties) with improved accuracies. (4) On the basis of the above researches of the end-members, a set of parameters for unlike interactions has been proposed by non-linear fitting to the ab initio potential surface of CO2-H2O and is superior to the common used mixing rule and the results of prior workers vs/Ith remarkable accuracies, then a number of simulations of the mixture have been carried out to generate data under high temperatures and pressures as an important complement to the limited experiments. (5) With molecular dynamics simulations, various structural, dynamical and thermodynamical properties of ionic solvations and associations have been oomprehensively analyzed, these results not only agree well with experimental data and first principle calculation results, but also reveal some new insights into the microscopic ionic solvation and association processes.

一种由全球水循环产生的可能重要的CO2汇

关于全球CO2汇的位置、大小、变化和机制目前仍不确定, 还存有争议. 在理论计算和野外观测数据证明的基础上发现, 可能存在一种由全球水循环产生的重要的CO2汇(以溶解无机碳-DIC的形式). 这个汇达到0.8013 Pg C/a(约占人类活动排放CO2总量的10.1%, 或占所谓的遗漏CO2汇的28.6%), 它是由水对CO2的溶解吸收形成的, 并随着碳酸盐的溶解及水生植物光合作用对CO2的消耗的增加而显著增加. 这部分汇中有0.5188 Pg C/a通过海上降水(0.2748 Pg C/a)和陆地河流(0.244 Pg C/a)进入海洋, 有0.158 Pg C/a再次释放进入大气, 还有0.1245 Pg C/a储存在陆地水生生态系统中. 因此, 净沉降是0.6433 Pg C/a. 随着全球变暖引起的全球水循环的加强、CO2和大气圈中碳酸盐粉尘的增加, 还有造林地区的增多(会引起土壤CO2的增加进而导致水中DIC浓度的增大), 这部分汇也可能增加.

超临界CO2流体萃取重金属的研究进展

超临界CO2流体与技术配合相结合开辟了重金属萃取的新途径。本文介绍了超临界CO2流体萃取重金属的研究现状，总结了影响萃取的因素，并对未来的发展趋势作了展望。

岩溶水系统对大气CO2的潜在影响——基于热力学的研究

认识不同条件下岩溶水释放或吸收CO2 的反应过程是研究碳酸盐岩对碳循环响应的前提和基础。本文从吉布斯自由能的热力学原理出发,对全球不同岩溶地区162 组岩溶水(河水、溪水、湖水等) 进行了热力学研究,结果显示:1) 河水、溪水、湖水和洞穴滴水等岩溶水所处的环境因方解石矿物沉积而释放CO2 成为大气CO2 一个潜在的源;2) 地下水在所处的环境下由于方解石的溶解而吸收CO2 ,成为大气CO2 一个潜在的汇;3) 少数出露点的泉水所处的环境既可发生方解石的溶解而吸收CO2 ,成为大气CO2 的潜在汇,也可发生方解石的沉积而释放CO2 ,成为大气CO2 的潜在源;4) 在洪水期,泉水的水化学特征变化并未导致对大气CO2 潜在贡献在源汇之间的跨跃性转变。162 组岩溶水数据中,所有河水与溪水皆无一例外地在释放CO2 。结果表明,从吉布斯自由能的热力学原理出发,研究岩溶水系统对大气CO2 潜在源汇的贡献,没有条件约束,是一种较好的途径。

超临界CO2萃取小茴香精油与其它方法所得提取物的成分对比

本文主要是研究超临界CO2萃取小茴香精油的GC－MS成分，并将其与水蒸汽蒸馏产物及索氏提取产物相对比。分析结果表明：超临界CO2萃取精油与水蒸汽蒸馏提取物、索氏提取物的主要差异在于脂肪酸的含量。超临界CO2萃取小茴香精油的主要成分为大茴香脑和脂肪酸，而水蒸汽蒸馏及索氏提取物的主要成分为大茴香脑。

超临界CO2萃取九叶青花椒和大红袍花椒挥发油的化学成分分析及香气比较

采用超临界CO2萃取法提取九叶青花椒和大红袍花椒挥发油，以气相色谱-质谱仪对其化学成分进行检测，用色谱峰面积归一化法确定各化学成分的相对含量，评香师对花椒挥发油的香气进行评价。结果表明，超临界萃取的九叶青花椒挥发油得率为7％，鉴定出63个化合物，属青香型花椒油；超临界萃取的大红袍花椒挥发油得率为4％，鉴定出80个化合物，属浓香型花椒油；两种花椒挥发油的化学成分含量和香气有明显差异，但都保留了各自品种的天然香气特征.

超临界CO2萃取灵芝孢子油的GC／MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取破壁灵芝孢子，萃取条件22MPa，40℃，将所得的孢子油，经GC／MS定性和定量分析，共检出18种脂肪酸成分，其中亚油酸和油酸占62．45％，不饱和脂肪酸占68．42％。

我国南方岩溶区和北方黄土区的大气CO2效应

我国南方岩溶区与北方黄土区都是巨大的碳库。碳酸盐的溶蚀及再结晶是两个碳库与大气ＣＯ２交换的重要过程；碳的区域平衡是评价化学风化消耗或逸散ＣＯ２的基础，岩溶区与黄土区在地球化学风化的环境背景。溶蚀过程，产物运移和归宿等差异很大。黄土区化学风化消耗大气ＣＯ２通量较岩溶区小。目前评价两类地区土壤与大气ＣＯ２的源汇关系尚不成熟，需要定量认识土壤ＣＯ２与下伏碳酸盐岩溶蚀或与下伏黄土次生碳酸盐化作用。

云贵高原湖泊CO2的地球化学变化及其大气CO2源汇效应

国家自然科学基金项目(批准号：49903007和40073032)和中国科学院知识创新工程项目(批准号：KZCX2—105)资助

超临界CO2萃取印楝种子中印楝素的研究

应用超临界CO2 萃取技术从印楝种子中萃取印楝素,研究了萃取温度、压力和夹带剂对印楝素萃取效果的影响。当萃取温度为35 ℃、压力为15 MPa、甲醇用量为CO2 体积的3 %时,可将印楝种子中90 %以上的印楝素A 萃取出来,所得产品印楝素A 的质量分数为2013 %。

超临界CO2萃取不同部位姜油的组成研究

应用超临界CO2萃取同一品种生姜的带皮姜、去皮姜、姜皮姜油，采用GC-MS联用技术分离鉴定其中的化学组成，并计算其相对含量。结果表明不同部位姜油化学成分含量存在差异。

大蒜深加工中的超临界CO2萃取技术

介绍了大蒜的重要用途及大蒜油的几种主要提取技术,综述了超临界CO2 萃取技术在大蒜深加工中大蒜油提取、大蒜脱臭及生物活性成分保留方面的应用研究。

超临界CO2萃取花椒挥发油及化学组分研究

用超临界CO2萃取技术提取重庆江津产青花椒挥发油，研究了萃取温度的影响，用色谱－质谱联用仪分析了花椒挥发油化学成分及百分含量，共鉴定出38个化合物，占挥发油总量的98.81%，其中花椒挥发油的特征有效成分之一－哩哪醇含量高达58.79%，表明用超临界CO2萃取技术提取重庆江津产青花椒挥发油品质较高。