822 resultados para Repercussão geral, Brasil
Resumo:
Consultoria Legislativa - Área II - Direito Civil e Processual Civil, Direito Penal e Processual Penal, de Família, do Autor, de Sucessões, Internacional Privado.
Resumo:
Brazil since its first republican constitution has adopted systems of laws control. The review activity was given to three state powers or functions state, Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. However, it appears that in the country along the constitutional history, has stood considerably the jurisdictional control of the most important control. Initially, back in 1891, Brazil adopted the jurisdictional control of diffuse from U.S, whose role in monitoring of standards is delivered to all organs of the judiciary, which may face a case, put on trial, ascertain whether or not the possibility of applying a law, removing its impact in case of unconstitutionality. In 1969, entered in the second legal model of judicial review, the concentrated control of constitutionality, whose inspiration comes from the positivist theory of Hans Kelsen, and was adopted by the Austrian Constitution of 1920. According to the abstract control the supervision of law is given to a Court or Constitutional Court, responsible for the analysis of the legal constitutionality independent of its application to a specific case. In Brazil the role of concentrated control was handed over exclusively to the Supreme Court, which serves as the Constitutional Court, which accumulates that function with other constitutionally provided jurisdiction. Throughout this period, from 1891 until today, Brazil has maintained a dual system of judicial control of legal constitutionality, where they coexist and harmonize the diffuse control exercised by any organ of the Judiciary, and concentrated control of competence the Supreme Court. However, one must recognize that with the advent of the Federal Constitution of 1988, the concentrated control has emerged on the national stage due to two important factors: the expansion of the legal capacity to sue and the inclusion of other ways control, besides the already known Direct Claim of Unconstitutionality. This concentrated control and projection of the Supreme Court s attempt to become a true constitutional court, led to a relative weakening of diffuse control even when performed by the Brazilian Constitutional Court. In order to become a true constitutional court, all decisions handed down by the Supreme in the exercise of constitutional jurisdiction should have the same weight and the same measure, or at least bring improvement to similar effects, once is the responsible for the final word when it comes to constitutional interpretation. Thus, the writs of certiorari and stare decisis were responsible for profound changes in the diffuse control, allowing the Supreme Court can strengthen its decisions even in the diffuse control. These two institutions have substantially changed the legal status of diffuse control, allowing an extension of the effects of decisions handed down by the Supreme Court, so that you can no longer be said that the effects of this control to restrict the disputing parties in the process
Resumo:
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo central fomentar os debates em torno da repercussão geral, mais especificamente, acerca do desenvolvimento de propostas que possam ser implementadas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal para aprimorar o filtro recursal criado pela Emenda Constitucional n 45/04. A partir de uma análise descritiva da jurisprudência do STF, procurou-se traçar um panorama sobre a forma como tribunal vem lidando com a repercussão geral e, em seguida, identificar alguns problemas que a têm impedido de alcançar suas finalidades principais, que são racionalizar os trabalhos da corte e reduzir o número de processos que chegam anualmente à última instância do Poder Judiciário brasileiro. Concluído o diagnóstico inicial, as atenções se voltaram para a elaboração de propostas que pudessem equacionar as barreiras encontradas, tudo com o propósito de alimentar os debates em torno do que pode ser feito pelo Supremo para superá-las ou, ao menos, reduzir seus efeitos sobre os jurisdicionados.
Resumo:
O trabalho se presta a identificar semelhanças entre o instituto da Repercussão Geral, nos recursos extraordinários interpostos perante o Supremo Tribunal Federal, e do Recurso Repetitivo, nos recursos especiais interpostos perante o Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Com isso, é realizada uma tentativa de busca jurisprudencial até o fim de 2009, não obtendo êxito na busca dos julgados em Direito Tributário, para identificar uma possível contradição entre o entendimento dos fundamentos dos filtros recursais entre as Cortes Superiores. Por fim, há uma análise crítica sobre as possíveis interferências do julgamento do STJ nos julgamentos do STF, procurando compreender o papel do Supremo, bem como as possíveis conseqüências das decisões do STF nos contribuintes e suas formas de defesa possíveis, caso venha ocorrer a hipótese formulada no trabalho.
Resumo:
Edição Especial : Senado Federal : 50 anos de Brasília.
Resumo:
The independence of the United States and the revolutions that emerged in Europe in the eighteenth century led to the birth of the written constitution, with a mission to limit the power of the State and to ensure fundamental rights to citizens. Thus, the Constitution has become the norm and ultimate founding of the State. Because of this superiority felt the need to protect her, emerging from that constitutional jurisdiction, taking control of constitutionality of provisions his main instrument. In Brazil, the constitutionality control began with the Constitution of 1891, when "imported" the American model, which is named after incidental diffuse model of judicial review. Indeed, allowed that any judge or court could declare the unconstitutionality of the law or normative act in a concrete case. However, the Brazilian Constituent did not bring the U.S. Institute of stare decisis, by which the precedents of higher courts eventually link the below. Because of this lack, each tribunal Brazilian freely decide about the constitutionality of a rule, so that the decision took effect only between the parties to the dispute. This prompted the emergence of conflicting decisions between judicantes organs, which ultimately undermine legal certainty and the image of the judiciary. As a solution to the problem, was incorporated from the 1934 Constitution to rule that the Senate would suspend the law declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. With the introduction of abstract control of constitutionality, since 1965, the Supreme Court went on to also have the power to declare the invalidity of the provision unconstitutional, effectively against all without the need for the participation of the Senate. However, it remained the view that in case the Supreme Court declared the unconstitutionality of the fuzzy control law by the Senate would continue with the competence to suspend the law unconstitutional, thus the decision of the Praetorium Exalted restricted parties. The 1988 Constitution strengthened the abstract control expanding legitimized the Declaratory Action of Unconstitutionality and creating new mechanisms of abstract control. Adding to this, the Constitutional Amendment. No. 45/2004 brought the requirement of general repercussion and created the Office of Binding Precedent, both to be applied by the Supreme Court judgments in individual cases, thus causing an approximation between the control abstract and concrete constitutional. Saw themselves so that the Supreme Court, to be the guardian of the Constitution, its action should be directed to the trial of issues of public interest. In this new reality, it becomes more necessary the participation of the Senate to the law declared unconstitutional in fuzzy control by the Supreme Court can reach everyone, because such an interpretation has become obsolete. So, to adapt it to this reality, such a rule must be read in the sense that the Senate give publicity to the law declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, since mutated constitutional
Resumo:
Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo refletir sobre o crescimento da Violência Homicida em Marabá e a Política de Segurança Pública, a partir de sujeitos que atuam em instituições de segurança pública, assim como, representantes da sociedade civil que atuam na defesa de direitos em Marabá, sudeste do Estado do Pará. Utilizando-se do método da teoria crítica realizou-se um panorama geral do quadro de violência homicida partindo do geral (Brasil) para o particular (Marabá), assim como, um panorama histórico da política de segurança implantada no Brasil do período ditatorial (violência e barbárie) até a pós- democracia, enfatizando os planos, projetos e ações que se efetivaram a partir da década de 90. Além disso, a pesquisa de campo, que enfatiza a fala de sujeitos que atuam na área de segurança pública e/ou em instituições de defesa de direitos no município, possibilitou compreensões acerca da violência homicida e da política de segurança em Marabá. O percurso metodológico utilizado realizou-se por pesquisa qualitativa, norteada por pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e pesquisa de campo. Para apreender a realidade vivenciada por Marabá realizou-se sete (7) entrevistas, com os sujeitos que atuam na área de segurança e com os sujeitos representantes da sociedade civil que atuam direta ou indiretamente na defesa de direitos da pessoa humana no município. A partir desse estudo infere-se que o processo democrático rompeu com práticas utilizadas no regime ditatorial pelos agentes do Estado, porém até hoje existem práticas cristalizadas de cunho coercitivo, repressivo e punitivo herdados da ditadura.