How teachers of Geography and History of Secondary Education assess?

The purpose of this article is to analyse the assessment procedures and instruments used by teachers of Geography and History of Compulsory Secondary School (ESO) in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The data have been extracted implementing a survey technique proceeded by a descriptive analysis. The results show that teachers generally have a traditional conception of assessment, reflected in the fact that they think that assessment should not change when teaching strategies are changed or when they innovate. On the other hand, although they consider that is necessary to employ a variety of instruments to assess well and to prevent school failure, they still use exams as the most objective and essential instrument in the assessment, while they don’t apply continuous assessment, only tests in a continuous way. The implementation of similar research in other areas or in other subjects shows the existence of contrasts in teacher assessment practices.

Analysis of the admissions tests for teacher training in Spain and Finland: knowledge or competences

One of the most decisive factors in the quality of education and academic performance of students is quality, preparation and dedication of the teachers. The exquisite system of selecting candidates for teacher training programs is one of the fundamentals of success of the Finnish Education System. The responsibility of choosing the best students to convert them into teachers is a challenge that involves a significant reform of university admission. Achieving this goal involves the choice of strategies and educational tools in accordance to the complexity of the demands presented by the teaching profession in the digital age. This study describes, analyzes and compares the admission tests in the University of Spain (PAU) and Finland (VAKAVA), for those who wish to become professional educators, in order to understand the possible influence of these tests to select the most suitable candidates to develop into future teaching professionals. The results showed that in Spain, the entrance test to universities is developed in a general way for all the students that aspire to any field of knowledge, while in Finland, the test is specific and particular for students aspiring to the field of education. The results of this study can guide and encourage the necessary changes that have to be done in the admission tests to Spanish university in general and to teacher education faculties in particular.

The in-service teacher trainer: profile, career path and duties

This article is the result of a doctoral thesis that aims to understand the reality of teacher trainers at a given moment, when their professional role changes from being a managing training advisor to a role that is more centred on process counselling. Using in-depth interviews, we defined the personal and professional profile of training counsellors in the Balearic Islands, their career path, the process for their inclusion in Teacher Centres (CEP) and, finally, the duties and skills that they perform as teacher trainers. The data that has been collected shows the coexistence of different professional roles in the group of education advisors. Moreover, it also indicates a lack of definition of the profile needed to access an advisor's position. There are indeed some coincidences determining the access route to such a position when it comes to the teaching profession since their leadership qualities and group dynamics expertise are a common indicator in most cases. The research also shows that they are subjected not only to a wide range of roles and tasks but also to a vast array of competences required to tackle the education advisor's tasks.

Reflexive learning in pre-service training of primary school teachers: from experience to assimilation of contents

This article presents an educational experiment carried out in the Primary School Teaching Degree at the University of Barcelona. Specifically, the article analyses the application of the “Work Corners” approach in a core subject. In a three-year action research process, trainers put into practice an innovation which enabled them to boost cooperative work and reflexive learning among trainees. Firstly, the theoretical model underpinning the project and guiding many of the actions carried out by the training team is presented. After providing detailed information on the practical development of the experiment, the data-gathering process and its results are shown. Various information-gathering strategies were used in assessing the project, such as a questionnaire, participant observation, and teachers’ diaries. The results demonstrate, amongst other things, that “work corners” offer viable and appropriate educational conditions for the articulation of theoretical and practical knowledge, for building professional knowledge, and therefore, the beginnings of a reflexive teaching practice.

El análisis de libros de texto: una estrategia metodológica en la formación de los profesionales de la educación

A pesar de la progresiva introducción de nuevos recursos en las aulas fruto del desarrollo de las TICs, el libro de texto sigue siendo uno de los materiales más utilizado y cuyo protagonismo en la configuración de la práctica escolar ha sido decisivo, por lo que debe ocupar nuestra atención en la formación inicial de los profesionales de la educación. Durante los cursos académicos 2012-13 y 13-14, hemos realizado en el marco de la asignatura de Análisis y diseño de materiales para la educación y la formación del tercer curso del grado de Pedagogía de la Universidad de Oviedo una práctica formativa de análisis de libros de texto escolares que nos ha permitido analizar contextualizadamente y desde una perspectiva teórico-práctica, cuestiones tales como: papel del profesorado en el desarrollo e innovación del currículum, papel de las editoriales en la interpretación del currículum oficial, análisis de tareas y mensajes en los manuales escolares, criterios para juzgar la calidad didáctica de los materiales, etc. El análisis cualitativo de treinta informes desarrollados por 120 estudiantes sobre diferentes libros de texto nos ha permitido identificar sus principales fortalezas y debilidades en varias dimensiones (aspectos formales, metodología, mensajes, implicaciones para la profesionalidad docente) y nos permite concluir que se trata de una experiencia formativa relevante en la formación inicial de cualquier profesional de la educación.

Instrumentos de evaluación utilizados en la formación inicial del profesorado y su coherencia para el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en los estudiantes: visión del alumnado, egresados y profesorado

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la frecuencia con que se utilizan diferentes instrumentos y procedimientos de evaluación desde el punto de vista del profesorado, del alumnado y de los egresados en la formación inicial de maestros y profesores especialistas en Educación Física, así como el grado de coherencia –relación- percibido por cada uno de esos grupos implicados entre dichos instrumentos y procedimientos de evaluación y el desarrollo de las competencias profesionales que se pretende adquieran los estudiantes. La muestra objeto de estudio está compuesta por 199 alumnos, 67 egresados y 53 profesores de las titulaciones de Magisterio (especialidad de Educación Física) y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de las universidades de Valladolid, Salamanca y León. Los resultados muestran una clara discrepancia entre los distintos grupos analizados, tanto en lo referido al tipo de instrumentos de evaluación utilizados, como en la valoración del grado de coherencia entre estos y el desarrollo de las competencias profesionales de los futuros maestros.

Pupil participation in school life: an approach from the educational community

The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989) is currently the most ratified international treaty. Several authors have highlighted its potential for both a moral education and citizenship. However, paradoxically, different studies report its limited or occasional incorporation into school practices. This article explores experiences of participation in schools,the third P of the CRC, from the plurality of voices and actors of the educational community,by means of 14 discussion groups in 11 autonomous communities in Spain. Discourse analysis evidence low levels of student participation in school life. But, at the same time, a favorable educational environment for the development of projects that contribute to child participation is found, as well as for the incorporation of the CRC as a mover and a referential integrator of the different schools projects. However, it is also an educational background conductive to projects for its development, such as the incorporation of the CRC as a referential integrator of the schools projects.

The circle in the relationship between space and body. Photo-essay based on Isidro Blasco and the BAPNE method

This article demonstrates a visual study on the educational space in which the teaching of body percussion is carried out in universities. The methodological framework is chosen by the Visual Arts Based Educational Research, using the work of an artist as a conceptual and methodological model. The research remains notable (1) due to the theoretical reference to the BAPNE method, (2) due to the visual reference to the work of Isidro Blasco – especially with the piece “Shanghai Planet 2009” - ;(3) due to the parallelisms established between the object of study in this investigation -the spatial analysis- and the focuses of interest revealed by the art critics in relation to the work of this artist. By means of a visual speech formed with 7 photo-collages the relationship between body and educational space is visualized in the basic disposition of circular learning. The visual constructions by way of photo-collage and their aesthetic charge brings us closer to the intimacy of the educational space, in the style in which it is distributed to the students in the music classroom, the materialization of interpersonal relationships, the occupied and empty volumes.

Redescubrir la dinámica escultórica desde el trabajo en grupo

La iniciativa que se describe en este artículo, surge de una propuesta de investigación plástica, que se inició espontáneamente en el seno de una asignatura de escultura en la Facultad de Bellas Artes del CES Felipe II-UCM, y que tuvo como principal objetivo explorar nuevos modos de enseñanza artística desde la dinámica creativa en sí misma, con el fin de motivar el aprendizaje desde la participación directa en propuestas creativas que se apoyen en métodos de intervención crítica y que exploren las ventajas de las dinámicas interdisciplinares para complementar las eficacias de los ejercicios individuales, y así poder generar un aprendizaje desde dinámicas de trabajo en grupo. Para ello, hemos puesto en marcha procesos de trabajo cooperativo valorando sobre todo la experiencia directa, ofreciendo a los estudiantes contribuir en la actividad, tomar decisiones, lo que les permite aportar ideas, puntos de vista y opiniones sobre la combinación de nuevas tecnologías y técnicas tradicionales de la escultura, usados en proyectos artísticos actuales.

Glucocorticoid receptor β and histone deacetylase 1 and 2 expression in the airways of severe asthma.

Rationale Upregulation of glucocorticoid receptor ß (GRß) has been implicated in steroid resistance in severe asthma, although previous studies are conflicting. GRß has been proposed as a dominant negative isoform of glucocorticoid receptor a (GRa) but it has also been suggested that GRß can cause steroid resistance via reduced expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), a key regulator of steroid responsiveness in the airway.


Objectives To examine GRß, GRa, HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression at transcript and protein levels in bronchial biopsies from a large series of patients with severe asthma, and to compare the findings with those of patients with mild to moderate asthma and healthy volunteers.


Methods Bronchoscopic study in two UK centres with real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry performed on biopsies, western blotting of bronchial epithelial cells and immunoprecipitation with anti-GRß antibody.


Measurements and main results Protein and mRNA expression for GRa and HDAC2 did not differ between groups. GRß mRNA was detected in only 13 of 73 samples (seven patients with severe asthma), however immunohistochemistry showed widespread epithelial staining in all groups. Western blotting of bronchial epithelial cells with GRß antibody detected an additional ‘cross-reacting’ protein, identified as clathrin. HDAC1 expression was increased in patients with severe asthma compared with healthy volunteers.


Conclusions GRß mRNA is expressed at low levels in a minority of patients with severe asthma. HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression was not downregulated in severe asthma. These data do not support upregulated GRß and resultant reduced HDAC expression as the principal mechanism of steroid resistance in severe asthma. Conflicting GRß literature may be explained in part by clathrin cross-reactivity with commercial antibodies.

List of the terrestriaL nematodes (nematoda) from Azores

Os nemátodes são um grupo de invertebrados, não segmentados que formam um Filo (Nematoda) bem definido e claramente distinto dos outros grupos de organismos. Este Filo constitui um dos grupos animais mais disseminados no planeta, e em termos de número de indivíduos os nemátodes são o grupo animal mais abundante na Terra: quatro em cada cinco animais da Biosfera são nemátodes. Apesar de microscópicos, os animais multicelulares que constituem este grupo são capazes de explorar uma enorme variedade de habitats, nos mares, nas águas doces, nos solos, como parasitas de animais ou de plantas, ou mesmo em condições extremas, como nos solos secos da Antárctida ou em fontes termais (Baldwin et al. 1999). A actual informação sobre a nematofauna do arquipélago dos Açores encontra-se fraccionada e espalhada em diversas publicações científicas, mas igualmente em dados ainda não publicados (Sturhan, comunicação pessoal). Entre as diversas publicações de nemátodes para os Açores, há que salientar os trabalhos realizados por Sturhan (1973, 1975, 1983) e Macara (1994), que muito contribuíram para o conhecimento e distribuição actual das espécies de vida livre e parasitas de plantas; bem como os trabalhos de Afonso-Roque (1995) e Casanova et al. (1996) relativamente a espécies parasitas de animais, reportadas para as diferentes ilhas do arquipélago. A lista de nemátodes apresentada neste capítulo, tem como base as publicações conhecidas para o arquipélago (ver listagem de publicações até 2010 em www. naturdata.com), bem como o registo de espécies assinaladas pela primeira vez para o arquipélago (Sturhan, comunicação pessoal). A classificação utilizada baseia-se na recente revisão da sistemática e filogenia proposta por De Ley & Blaxter (2002) para todo o Filo, até ao nível da Família. A classificação dos restantes taxa segue o critério utilizado para a fauna terrestre da Fauna Europaea (http://www. faunaeur.org). É apresentada a distribuição das espécies nas nove ilhas dos Açores, usando-se a seguinte simbologia: COR – Corvo; FLO – Flores; FAI – Faial; PIC – Pico; GRA – Graciosa; SJG – São Jorge; TER – Terceira; SMG – São Miguel e SMR – Santa Maria.

Caracterização da pesca grossa na Ilha da Madeira

Dissertação mest., Biologia Marinha, Universidade do Algarve, 2009

Français 613

Contient : 1° « Li Compilacions LEUPOL le fil, le duc d'Austeriche, de le Science des estoilles » ; 2° « Introductoirs d'astronomie que.I. philosophes traita pour.I. empereor de Romme, et contient deux livres » ; 3° « Li Espere de l'evesque de Lincolmiense » [ROBERT GROSSE TESTE], ou « Le figure de le machine dou monde et l'estre et les figures de corps qui le constituent » ; 4° « Les Ymages cooriens en.XII. signes et leur gra[de], et ausi leur significacions » ; 5° « Li Centiloges BETHENI » ; 6° « Des Elections selonc les regars et les conjonctions de le lune as planettes par les.XII. signes », d'« ALBUMAZAR », traduction de « HERNOUS DE QUIQUENPOIR » ; 7° Table des climats, longitudes, latitudes, etc

« Mémoires pour l'histoire des comtes de Toulouse et du Languedoc, de M. BESLY ». Ce titre, qui occupe le feuillet 1 du ms. 4920, ne correspond qu'à une partie des matières qui y sont contenues et dont la table (fol. 2) donne une idée plus exacte. Notre ms. est, en somme, un recueil de notes et de mémoires sur divers sujets, de la main de Jean Besly, jurisconsulte et historien, né en 1572, à Coulonges-les-Royaux, et mort en 1644 à Fontenay-le-Comte, en Poitou.

Contient : 1 « Advis sur l'histoire genealogique de la maison de France des Srs de Saincte Marthe, envoiez le 4 mars, l'an 1635 » ; 2 « Memoires des chanceliers de France » ; 3 « Annotations sur les Memoires de M. Jean Du Tillet » ; 4 « Observatio de Conradi Salicis, imperatoris, et Giselae, ejus uxoris cognatione » et « de Henrico IV, imperatore » ; 5 « Chronologie des règnes des rois de France des deux premières lignées » ; 6 « Collection de plusieurs extraicts d'histoires, chroniques et tiltres touchant le mariage du roi Philippe Ier avec Bertrade de Montfort, son divorce, et l'excommunication qu'il encourut pour ce faict » ; 7 « Philippe Auguste. Sur la dissolution du mariage du roy Philippes Auguste avec Ingeburge de Dannemark » ; 8 « Memoires pour le Bearn », savoir : a. « Memoires de la souveraineté de Bearn » (fol. 127 à 138); b. « Bearn, ou traicté du Bearn et des seigneurs qui en ont tenu le tiltre » (fol. 139 à 153); c. Les feuillets 144 et 145, 146 à 148, 152 et 153 contiennent trois brouillons de lettres sur le même sujet, et le second est daté du « 1er novembre 1620 »; d. « Memoire des vicomtes de Bearn » (fol. 154-159); e. « Memoire des vicomtes de Bearn » (fol. 160-5) ; f. « Force braves seigneurs » (fol. 166-9); g. « Memoires du Bearn » (fol. 170-8) ; 9 Foix ; 10 Suite des Mémoires concernant le Bearn, savoir : h. « Fors et costumas de Bearn » (fol. 180); i. « Extraict d'un gros inventaire du tresor des cartes de Bearn » (fol. 181); j. Vicomtes de Bearn (fol. 183-4) ; 11 Comtes de Toulouse, chronique en provençal : « Aiso es comtes que ag d'Azam entro al diluvi... Anno Domini MCC LXXV, iij die introitus mensis junii obiit nobilis vir dominus Sicardus Alamanni, cujus anima requiescat in pace » ; 12 Lettre signée : « Gaudineau » et adressée de « Luçon, le 24 may 1620... à M. l'advocat du roy et mayre, à Fontenay » ; 13 Factum contre « defuncte Jeh. de S. Martin, qui par son testament avait violé la coutume de Poitou » ; 14 Vicomtes de Bearn ; 15 « Project de l'origine de Hugues, roy d'Italie » ; 16 Poitou, Guyenne, Toulouse, ou histoire des comtes de Toulouse ; 17 Au feuillet 254 brouillon de lettre; au feuillet 255 dessins de sceaux : a. « S. Raimundi, Dei gra comitis Tolose, march. Provincie »; b. Autre figure, même légende. Dans a, le comte de Toulouse est représenté assis; dans b., il est représenté à cheval. Au feuillet 257 dessins de sceaux : a. « S. Alfonsus, fili. reg. Franc., comes Pict. et Tolose »; b. « S. R. Dalfini, comitis clr. ». Au feuillet 259 dessins de sceaux : a. Sigillum Ademari »; b. contresceau : « comitis Valemtinensis ». Au feuillet 261 dessins de sceaux : a. « S. comitis Provincie »; b. « Sigillum Raimundi Berengeri ». Au feuillet 262 dessins de sceaux : a. « S. comisse, uxoris Bereng., comitis et march. Provincie et comitis Forcalhari »; b. « Arma comitis a Sabaudie et marchis Italie » ; 18 « Mathildis comitissa » ; 19 Hugues, roi d'Italie, et Mathilde, la comtesse ; 20 Les mariages consanguins ; 21 Anthemius, etc., note adressée à l'év. de Poitiers, mise au net « le 16 fevrier 1640 » ; 22 « Regnante Christo », note sur cette formule ; 23 « Memoires pour Mr Du Chasteler-Barlot, contre les quatre tiltres qu'on luy oppose touchant la capitainerie de l'isle de Bouyn » ; 24 Lettre concernant les comtes d'Auvergne ; 25 Lettre ; 26 Lettre sur Chastelaillon et La Rochelle. Date : « A Fontenay le Comte, le 19 mars 1628 » ; 27 Lettre concernant Hugues Capet. Date : « A Paris, ce 7 mars 1633 ». Signé : « Besly » ; 28 « Galliae distributio » ; 29 Note sur la ville de « Vivonne » ; 30 Note sur Thouars et ses vicomtes ; 31 « De Melusine, dame de Lezignan » ; 32 « De S. Hilario Trevirensi » ; 33 Mémoire sur les comtes de Toulouse

Essais sur les logiciels libres : licences doubles, effets de réseau, et concurrence

This thesis examines the microeconomic consequences of the arrival of open source in the software market. Specifically, it analyzes three features of open source software by using specific models of industrial organization. Open source software is free, and may be modified or duplicated by anyone. The first paper studies the entry of an open source software in a closed source software market. Using a model of horizontal differentiation, the analysis considers a closed source firm's investment in the quality of its software. The introduction of open source on the market reduces the firm's investment in quality and increases the price of its software. Moreover, the entry of open source software may reduce consumer welfare. Post-entry by an open source software, the reduction in market share lowers the firm's incentive to invest in quality. The second paper features vertical differentiation to study a monopolist selling supporting product to its software. The study begins by contrasting the supply of support by an open source provider and a closed source vendor. The model shows that in both cases the levels of support offered are the same. In addition, consumer welfare is higher and profit lower under an open source software. Then, the paper considers the competition in the provision of support. Here, the supply of high level support is greater than under a monopolist. Finally, the monopolist adopts a dual licensing strategy to extract more surplus from developers interested in modifying open source software and redistributing the resulting product. This technique, when the developers place high value on the source code, generates more profit if the monopolist chooses to publish as open source rather than closed source. The last paper studies how a closed source firm is affected by the introduction of an open source benefiting from contributions by users. A vertical differentiation model is used, and reveals that, when contribution of users is present, the closed source vendor may lower its price to a level where it forces the open source out of the market. The firm's lower price not only increases demand for its software, but also induces consumers into switching from open to closed source software therefore reducing the contribution of users.