Structural invariance of multiple intelligences, based on the level of execution

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Análisis de la distribución de los recursos para la educación preescolar, básica y media conforme la ley 715 de 2001

Ante lo anterior, este trabajo de investigación está dirigido a plantear los antecedentes en materia de distribución de recursos para la educación a las entidades territoriales, antes y después de expedirse la Ley 715 de 2001, centrado fundamentalmente en la “financiación” de la educación pública en los niveles de preescolar, básica y media. Para ello, compara lo que se venía dando con el Situado Fiscal (SF), los recursos de la Participación en los Ingresos Corrientes de la Nación (PICN), los recursos del Fondo Educativo de Compensación (FEC), y los propios que invertían los departamentos y municipios, conforme la Ley 60 de 1993 y lo que se presenta actualmente, con la Ley 715 de 2001; y a pesar que resulta prematuro evaluar los avances y limitaciones de ésta última Ley, trata de avizorar algunos de sus elementos positivos y negativos, a la luz de lo que se viene presentando en el Departamento de Boyacá, en cuanto muchos de sus aspectos característicos se presentan en todo el país.

Invariance levels across language versions of the PISA 2009 reading comprehension tests in Spain

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Difficulties Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in Spanish adolescents

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Exploring the factorial structure of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 : invariance across language, gender, age and type of sport

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Partial scalar invariance and observed differences across gender in a reasoning test battery

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Atlas de Portugal [Continental] conforme às políticas europeias em matéria de Urbanismo e Ordenamento do Território

A construção de um Atlas que garanta a visualização da situação do país face aos principais temas que surgem como referência para o U&OT nos documentos políticos europeus, responde à necessidade de conhecer o território nacional para promover acções específicas em sede de planeamento e ordenamento que garantam o desenvolvimento coerente e suportado do território assegurando aos cidadãos acesso a condições que promovam a sua qualidade de vida.Como o presente trabalho disponibiliza-se uma base de referência ao nível do continente português dos principais indicadores que correspondem às preocupações políticas europeias no domínio do território. A necessidade de promover um território coeso, participado e preparado para garantir a qualidade de vida dos seus utilizadores sem hipotecar o futuro das gerações vindouras (cf. CLRAE, 1992, EU, 2007a & EU, 2007b), está suportado no conhecimento específico dos factores que condicionam, ou podem condicionar esse processo.A necessidade de um equilíbrio territorial, entre as áreas mais urbanizadas e as áreas rurais (cf. EU, 2007b) assume-se como um ponto de partida para a definição da estrutura do trabalho aqui apresentado. A necessidade de entender as paridades e disparidades do território, as ofertas e as debilidades entre as áreas mais urbanizadas e as áreas mais rurais, evidencia a necessidade de estratificar o território segundo os seus níveis de urbanização. Garante-se assim a análise separada de duas realidades distintas, por um lado as áreas urbanizadas, com concentrações humanas mais elevadas e que exigem serviços específicos, por outro as áreas rurais, muitas vezes em abandono, que interessa entender até que ponto a oferta ou falha nas condições existentes para a promoção da qualidade de vida nessas áreas condiciona a fixação de população.O Atlas que se apresenta [Atlas de Portugal (Continental), Conforma às Políticas Europeias em matéria de U&OT – AP_PEUOT] é a imagem de Portugal Continental, em 2001 – ano de disponibilização dos dados referentes ao último Censo – com os indicadores seleccionados com base nos documentos, políticas e princípios europeus sobre U&OT, apresentando-se também uma evolução histórica entre os anos de 1991 e 2001 – anos de recenseamento geral da população e da habitação – estratificados em áreas urbanas, mediamente urbanas e rurais com base no trabalho do INE/DGOTDU de 1998 (cf. INE/DGOTDU 1998) (cf. Ponto 3.1.2 do presente trabalho).

Impacto de los instrumentos financieros denominados básicos, en las empresas medianas de la provincia de Pichincha, conforme a Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF para las PYMES)

La convergencia hacia las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera NIIF, rescata el análisis técnico contable – financiero que permite una mejor toma de decisiones de los usuarios interesados en el conjunto de estados financieros. El presente estudio implica el tratamiento de la norma “NIIF para las PYMES”, sección 11, referente a los instrumentos financieros básicos y sección 35 transición por primera vez a esta NIIF, cuya finalidad es la de determinar el impacto de su aplicación en el periodo de transición en las compañías medianas de la provincia de Pichincha, actividad económica “G” comercio al por mayor y menor. El capítulo primero del marco conceptual, explica quiénes son consideradas como pequeñas y medianas empresas, según el Consejo de Normas Internacionales (IASB), la estructuración de la norma en mención, así como la normativa emitida por la Superintendencia de Compañías y Valores para su aplicación. Como parte del segundo capítulo se estudia la sección 11, instrumentos financieros básicos de la “NIIF para las PYMES”, en el que se resalta el alcance, reconocimiento y medición de las mismas, su información a revelar y varios casos prácticos relacionados con su medición inicial. En el capítulo tercero se efectúa el análisis a la medición posterior relacionada con el costo amortizado aplicado a las cuentas por pagar, préstamos accionistas y relacionados y el costo menos deterioro para las cuentas por cobrar y por pagar comerciales, de los cuales se recoge varios casos prácticos. Finalmente, se aborda la actividad económica seleccionada para este estudio, su estructuración del patrimonio y el impacto de los ajustes realizados en las entidades que adoptaron por primera vez los estándares de NIIF, instrumentos financieros básicos, de cuyo estudio se obtuvo las conclusiones y recomendaciones finales.

The accuracy of using the Ulysses result of the spatial invariance of the radial heliospheric field to compute the open solar flux

We survey observations of the radial magnetic field in the heliosphere as a function of position, sunspot number, and sunspot cycle phase. We show that most of the differences between pairs of simultaneous observations, normalized using the square of the heliocentric distance and averaged over solar rotations, are consistent with the kinematic "flux excess" effect whereby the radial component of the frozen-in heliospheric field is increased by longitudinal solar wind speed structure. In particular, the survey shows that, as expected, the flux excess effect at high latitudes is almost completely absent during sunspot minimum but is almost the same as within the streamer belt at sunspot maximum. We study the uncertainty inherent in the use of the Ulysses result that the radial field is independent of heliographic latitude in the computation of the total open solar flux: we show that after the kinematic correction for the excess flux effect has been made it causes errors that are smaller than 4.5%, with a most likely value of 2.5%. The importance of this result for understanding temporal evolution of the open solar flux is reviewed.

On spectral invariance of single scattering albedo for water droplets and ice crystals at weakly absorbing wavelengths

The single scattering albedo w_0l in atmospheric radiative transfer is the ratio of the scattering coefficient to the extinction coefficient. For cloud water droplets both the scattering and absorption coefficients, thus the single scattering albedo, are functions of wavelength l and droplet size r. This note shows that for water droplets at weakly absorbing wavelengths, the ratio w_0l(r)/w_0l(r0) of two single scattering albedo spectra is a linear function of w_0l(r). The slope and intercept of the linear function are wavelength independent and sum to unity. This relationship allows for a representation of any single scattering albedo spectrum w_0l(r) via one known spectrum w_0l(r0). We provide a simple physical explanation of the discovered relationship. Similar linear relationships were found for the single scattering albedo spectra of non-spherical ice crystals.

Discontinuous local semiflows for Kurzweil equations leading to LaSalle`s invariance principle for differential systems with impulses at variable times

In this paper, we consider an initial value problem for a class of generalized ODEs, also known as Kurzweil equations, and we prove the existence of a local semidynamical system there. Under certain perturbation conditions, we also show that this class of generalized ODEs admits a discontinuous semiflow which we shall refer to as an impulsive semidynamical system. As a consequence, we obtain LaSalle`s invariance principle for such a class of generalized ODEs. Due to the importance of LaSalle`s invariance principle in studying stability of differential systems, we include an application to autonomous ordinary differential systems with impulse action at variable times. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spontaneous breaking of superconformal invariance in (2+1) D supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter theories in the large N limit

In this work we study the spontaneous breaking of superconformal and gauge invariances in the Abelian N = 1,2 three-dimensional supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter (SCSM) theories in a large N flavor limit. We compute the Kahlerian effective superpotential at subleading order in 1/N and show that the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism is responsible for the dynamical generation of a mass scale in the N = 1 model. This effect appears due to two-loop diagrams that are logarithmic divergent. We also show that the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism fails when we lift from the N = 1 to the N = 2 SCSM model. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Tests of measurement invariance failed to support the application of the "then-test"

Objective
The use of then-test (retrospective pre-test) scores has frequently been proposed as a solution to potential confounding of change scores because of response shift, as it is assumed that then-test and post-test responses are provided from the same perspective. However, this assumption has not been formally tested using robust quantitative methods. The aim of this study was to compare the psychometric performance of then-test/post-test with traditional pre-test/post-test data and assessing whether the resulting data structures support the application of the then-test for evaluations of chronic disease self-management interventions.

Study Design and Setting
Pre-test, post-test, and then-test data were collected from 314 participants of self-management courses using the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ). The derived change scores (pre-test/post-test; then-test/post-test) were examined for their psychometric performance using tests of measurement invariance.

Results
Few questionnaire items were noninvariant across pre-test/post-test, with four items identified and requiring removal to enable an unbiased comparison of factor means. In contrast, 12 items were identified and required removal in then-test/post-test data to avoid biased change score estimates.

Conclusion
Traditional pre-test/post-test data appear to be robust with little indication of response shift. In contrast, the weaker psychometric performance of then-test/post-test data suggests psychometric flaws that may be the result of implicit theory of change, social desirability, and recall bias.

Size invariance of fibrous networks of supramolecular soft materials during formation under critical volume confinement

The rheological properties of a hierarchically structured supramolecular soft material are mainly determined by the structure of its network. Controlling the thermodynamic driving force of physical gels (one type of such materials) during the formation has proven effective in manipulating the network structure due to the nature of nucleation and growth of the fiber network formation in such a supramolecular soft material. Nevertheless, it is shown in this study that such a property can be dramatically influenced when the volume of the system is reduced to below a threshold value. Unlike un-confined systems, the network structure of such a soft material formed under volume confinement contains a constant network size, independent of the experimental conditions, i.e. temperature and solute concentration. This implies that the size of the fiber networks in such a material is invariable and free from the influence of external factors, once the volume is reduced to a threshold. The observations of this work are significant in the control of the formation of fibrous networks in materials of this type.