Reputational Risk Management as a key element for business continuity and value maximization

This thesis reveals the topic of reputational risk management as a key element for business continuity and value maximization. The purpose of the work is to investigate reputational risk from the side of its definition, management (including legal requirements on this risk category) and measurement and to analyse reputational risk’s impact on business continuity and value maximization. To be able to do this, different respective articles, reports of financial institutions are gathered and constructive summaries and analysis are made. In order to deeply investigate the impact of reputational risk on business continuity and value maximization, it was chosen to study it from three aspects: 1) check the impact of stock valuation of 7 companies that experienced reputational catastrophe / risk, 2) analyse a case study on disagreements in management of reputational risk among case companies and impact on their respective performance, and 3) conduct a survey of financial sector companies in Liechtenstein to see how reputational risk management works in practice. The findings of the research showed a significant impact of reputation decadence on company’s value and trading volume, and showed crucial importance of post-crisis management for the company’s financial performance. The results of the qualitative research based on survey proved that companies consider reputational risk management as a one of the key elements for their business continuity and value maximization.

Value creation in intelligent packaging value chains

The goal of this thesis is to look for and point out problems and bottlenecks related to value chains and networks in initiation and implementation of intelligent packaging. The research is based on interviews in different case companies and is qualitative by nature. The interview results are examined through a framework built upon relevant theory, with the aim to present a useful recommendation for a supplier company for advancing intelligent packaging business. The perspective that is attained through the research questions demonstrates the potential customer companies’ views of possibilities and problems. The key results suggest that intellectual property of relevant products is in an important position from the customers’ perspective. If the supplier does not own a product technology, a sufficiently large company can consider working as an integrator in a network where smaller companies make use of a compiled offering from other smaller actors. The foundation for these networks and company relationships is value creation, which has to be based on profound customer knowledge and research. The framework that is created for this study builds upon earlier research to provide a model that better serves intelligent packaging implementation and includes the notion of importance of value proposition and continuous value co-creation.

Lisenssien hinnoittelupäätösten tärkeys ohjelmistoliiketoiminnassa

Tavoite on selvittää hinnoittelupäätöksien noudattamista ohjelmistoliiketoimintaa harjoittavassa yrityksessä. Lisäksi syitä noudattamiseen ja noudattamatta jättämiseen sekä asiakkaiden hinnoittelutoiveisiin selvitettiin. Teoriassa esitellään kolmea hinnoittelumallia, kuinka näitä malleja käytetään käytännössä? Teoriaosuudessa käsitellään hintaa, hinnoittelua, hinnoittelumalleja ja ohjelmistoliiketoiminnan piirteitä. Empiirisessä osassa tehdään laadullista tutkimusta henkilökohtaisilla puolistrukturoiduilla haastatteluilla, joista kerätään tarjousten kanssa tutkimuksen aineisto. Tutkimusmateriaalin pohjalta vastataan tutkimuskysymyksiin. Vaikka käytännöt olisivat valideja, mutta mikäli hintoja ei nähdä järkevinä, käytännöistä on joustettava. Kohdetuotteilla pitäisi myös olla yhtäläiset hinnoittelumallit. Pääsyyksi käytännöistä joustamiseen nähtiin kohdeasiakkaan olevan avainasiakas tai kilpailijan tarjouksen voittaminen.

Helsinki hub – new traffic flows and business networks

This thesis is the Logistics Development Forum's assignment and the work dealing with the development of the Port of Helsinki as part of Helsinki hub. The Forum aims to develop logistics efficiency through public-private co-operation and development of the port is clearly dependent on both factors. Freight volumes in the Port of Helsinki are the biggest single factor in hub and, therefore, the role of the port of the entire hub development is strong. The aim is to look at how the port will develop as a result of changes in the foreign trade of Finland and the Northern European logistics trends in 25 years time period. Work includes the current state analysis and scenario work. The analyses are intended to find out, which trends are the most important in the port volume development. The change and effect of trends is examined through scenarios based on current state. Based on the work, the structure of Finnish export industry and international demand are in the key role in the port volume development. There is significant difference between demands of Finnish exporting products in different export markets and the development between the markets has different impacts on the port volumes by mass and cargo type. On the other hand, the Finnish economy is stuck in a prolonged recession and competition between ports has become a significant factor in the individual port's volume development. Ecological valuesand regulations have changed the competitive landscape and maritime transport emissions reductions has become an important competitive factor for short routes in the Baltic Sea, such as in the link between Helsinki and Tallinn.

Tuotehallinnan kehittäminen ICT-palveluyrityksessä

Tuotehallinta on yrityksissä keskeinen arvoa tuottava toiminto, joka hallinnoi ja johtaa tuotteiden elinkaarta aina ideavaiheesta tuotteiden lopettamiseen saakka. Tuotteiden hyvän kilpailukyvyn kautta yritys saa kilpailuetua markkinassa. Tutkimuksen kohteena oleva case-yritys haluaa kehittää tuotehallinnan toimintaa, jotta se kykenee toimimaan aiempaa tehokkaammin ja menestymään paremmin tiukasti kilpailluilla markkinoilla. Diplomityön päätavoitteena oli löytää keinoja kohdeyrityksen yritysliiketoiminnan tuotehallinnan kehittämiseksi. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tapaustutkimuksena. Tutkimuksessa käytiin läpi aihealueen tuoretta tutkimustietoa sekä aiempaa teoriaa. Työssä tutkittiin kohdeyrityksen tuotehallinnan nykytilannetta ja kehittämismahdollisuuksia. Saatujen tutkimustulosten pohjalta ja tunnistettua teoriaa hyödyntäen johdettiin konkreettisia kehitystoimenpiteitä. Työ tuotti kriittisen näkökulman tuotehallinnan nykytilanteeseen sekä esityksen tärkeimmiksi tunnistetuista kehittämistoimenpiteistä. Tutkimuksen keskeisimpänä tuloksena toimii johtopäätös tarpeesta rakentaa aiempaa vahvempi tuotehallinta. Tämän aikaansaamiseksi tulee tehdä joukko kehittämistoimenpiteitä, jotka jaettiin lyhyen ja pitkän aikavälin toimenpiteisiin. Kehitystoimenpiteiden toteut-tamiseksi esitetiin muodostettavan oma hallittu kehitysohjelma.

Key factors in U.S. Government support of business internationalization in Finland Case: U.S. Embassy in Helsinki

This study discusses the importance of government intervention for companies and the expansion of national innovation systems. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact which the U.S. Embassy in Helsinki can have on Finnish businesses through their business support programs and events. The embassy has shifted focus in recent years with the creation of an innovation center and increased business services. The study has sub-objectives to discover the critical factors for producing impact, host and home based factor interaction, and effects produced by these initiatives. The theoretical background of the study consists of literature relating to the concepts of national innovation systems and government intervention. The empirical research conduct for this study is based on interviews with experts from the environment surrounding the U.S. Embassy in Helsinki, Finland and participation in embassy events. The data was collected between March 2014 and September 2015. Seven interviews were conducted; five with representatives of the U.S. Embassy and two with related organizations. Thematic analysis was used to categorize and interpret interview and observation data. The use of an impact radar was implemented as a basis for analysis. This study finds that the internationalization of national innovation systems provides interesting opportunities and challenges for national governments. The opportunity to provide services to foreign companies by an embassy in a stable environment opens the possibility to create positive notice and relations with the host country. The increased connections and inputs to the national innovation system of the home country have the potential to increase knowledge absorption and create positive growth. The most effective way for governments to encourage businesses is to create incentives and reduce barriers. The services are best aimed at small to medium sized companies in the early stages of development. The findings of this report suggest that the most critical factors for producing impact on companies are the ability to disseminate information effectively, the ability to create a positive image of the country, the ability to foster effective networks between the two countries, and the ability to facilitate the internationalization of companies. In the best cases, the embassy is able to create incentives to internationalize to the United States and reduce barriers which are encountered by companies. Future research is necessary to fully understand the impact of business services provided by an embassy can have on the political and economic relations of countries, and on particular industry sectors. The institutional setting provided by the embassy’s focus on business relations provides a rich environment for further study in a number of areas.

Valssien käytettävyys ja kunnossapito terästehtaassa

Valssi on valssauslaitteiston keskeinen komponentti. Valssauksessa aihiota muokataan kuljettamalla sitä kahden valssin muodostaman raon välistä. Valssit altistuvat valssausprosessissa korkealle lämpötilalle ja pintapaineelle. Valsseille asetettavat vaatimukset tiukkenevat tuottavuuden vaatimusten kiristyessä. Valssit, yhtenä valssauslaitteiston komponenteista, muodostavat suuren osan valssauksen kustannuksista, joten valssien käyttöiän pidentämisen avulla voidaan parantaa valssauksen tuottavuutta ja kustannustehokkuutta. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin valssien käytettävyyttä ja kunnossapitoa, sillä näitä asioita kehittämällä on mahdollista saavuttaa valsseille pidempi kestoikä. Tutkimus toteutettiin kirjallisuusselvityksenä, jota täydennettiin valssausta tekevien yritysten haastatteluilla. Tavoitteena oli kerätä saatavissa oleva kirjallinen ja hiljainen tieto yksiin kansiin ja tutkia mahdollisia syy-seuraussuhteita valssien käytettävyyteen vaikuttavien ilmiöiden sekä valssien kulumisen ja vaurioitumisen välillä. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että vauriotyypit ovat riippuvaisia valssausprosessista, jolla tarkoitetaan, että kuuma- ja kylmävalssauksessa esiintyy erilaisia vauriotyyppejä. Kuuma- ja kylmävalssauksessa myös valssien kulumiseen vaikuttavat erilaiset ilmiöt. Valssien kulumista ja vaurioita on mahdollista ehkäistä erilaisilla pintakäsittely- ja pinnoitusmenetelmillä. Valssien kunnossapidon toteutusta tutkittaessa havaittiin, että kuluneiden valssien vaihto kunnostettuihin pyritään suorittamaan mahdollisimman nopeasti ja tätä varten on saatavilla kyseiseen tarkoitukseen kehitettyjä laitteistoja. Kuluneet valssit sorvataan ja hiotaan, jotta niiden pinnasta saadaan tasainen ja saavutetaan haluttu halkaisija. Tämän jälkeen pinnoitusmenetelmiä on mahdollista suorittaa uudelleen. Kunnossapitotoimenpiteet tehdään joko yrityksen omalla korjaamolla tai alihankintana toisen yrityksen tiloissa.

Developing Supply Chain Process Management and Measurement in Global Manufacturing Company

The objective of this research is to create a current state analysis of pulp supply chain processes from production planning to deliveries to customers. A cross-functional flowchart is being used to model these processes. These models help finding key performance indicators (KPIs) which enable examinations of the supply chain efficiency. Supply chain measures in different processes reveal the changes need processes that affect the whole supply chain and its efficiency and competitiveness. Structure of pulp supply chain differs from most of the other supply chains. The fact that there are big volumes of bulk products, small product variations and supply forecasts are made for the year ahead make the difference. This factor brings different benefits but also challenges when developing supply chain. This thesis divides pulp supply chain in three different main categories: production planning, warehousing and transportation. It provides tools for estimating the functionality of supply chain as well as developing the efficiency for different functions of supply chain. By having a better understanding of supply chain processes and measurement the whole supply chain structure can be developed significantly.

Suorituskyvyn mittaaminen valmistavan yrityksen logistiikkatoiminnoissa

Yrityksen hakiessa kasvua vientimarkkinoilta sen logistiikka nousee entistä tärkeämpään rooliin. Jotta tuotteet ovat kilpailukykyisiä kansainvälisillä markkinoilla, tulee tuotteen hinta – laatu – suhde olla kohdallaan, jolloin logistiikan kustannusten pienentäminen ja laadukas toimitusketju ovat varsin keskeisiä tavoitteita. Toimitusketjun eri vaiheiden laatu korostuu, kun kyseessä on räätälöity tuote, jota ei voida korvata varastossa olevalla tuotteella. Näiden tavoitteiden saavuttaminen edellyttää logistiikkaprosessien suorituskyvyn mittaamista ja kehittämistä. Suorituskyvyn mittaamisen avulla voidaan viestiä logistiikalle asetetut tavoitteet ja seurata tavoitteiden toteutumista Tämän työn tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten suorituskykyä voidaan mitata valmistavan yrityksen logistiikkatoiminnoissa. Tarkasteltavana olivat logistiikan prosessit tilauksen vahvistamisesta valmiin tuotteen toimittamiseen asiakkaalle. Työn alussa käytiin läpi suorituskyvyn mittaamista yleisellä tasolla sekä logistiikan mittaamista ja mittareita. Tämän jälkeen aloitettiin mittausjärjestelmän suunnittelu kohdeyrityksen logistiikkaosastolle, sen vision ja strategian pohjalta. Työn tuloksena kohdeyrityksen logistiikkaosastolle kehitettiin suorituskykymittaristo mittareineen. Mittareita eri logistiikkatoimintojen mittaamiseen on varsin runsaasti, ja kaikkia niitä ei ole järkevä liittää osaksi mittaristoa, mutta tilanteiden muuttuessa niitä voidaan vaihtaa tai lisätä tarpeen mukaan.

Product recall process development for exported nonfood consumer products

The purpose of this research is to examine the different opportunities that companies operating on international level has for conducting a product recall. The main subject of the research is strategic decision-making of recall and product recall process. The theoretical framework, core of the research, is based on research questions. The research is performed as qualitative case study and the material has been collected by combining results of previous studies and by observing the case company. Different opportunities for conducting a recall are examined in the empirical part of this study. As a result, different product recall models have been created, which all require deep cooperation between different entities of the supply chain.

Distribution of Smart Solutions for External Lighting in Switzerland - Case C2 Smartlight Ltd.

Establishing of export operations is the key to the competitiveness for all producing companies in high-tech industry. Distribution partnerships between exporting producer and local distributors of relevant foreign market are utilized by SMEs to gain cost-efficiency of operation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Swiss market of outdoor lighting solutions and propose distribution channels for the case of company C2 SmartLight Ltd. The literature framework consists of three main parts: description of distribution channels for business products, the selection process of the distributor and management of the distributors. The empirical part of this study composed of the observation of Swiss lighting market, highlighting key customers, trends of energy efficiency and key industry players of the lighting market. The aim was to identify potential distribution channels, which reach the target customer groups and identify the market opportunity. Secondly, the data was collected through semi-structured phone interviews. The company, which operates in outdoor lighting business and has an established distributor in Switzerland, was interviewed and used as a benchmark. As a result of this research the market opportunity for distribution of C2 SmartLight products was identified based on potential customers and market need. C2 SmartLight Ltd. should establish a connection with wholesalers that distribute easy to handle and store electrical equipment. The results of this study can be used by other SME companies, operating in a similar field of economy, for selection of distributors.

Key Turning

As part of the Official Opening of Brock University, General Vanier unlocked the main doors to the Glenridge Campus with a golden key. It is interesting to note that the Governor General did not proceed to push open the doors, citing "that [it] was not in the script". Instead Madame Vanier instictively pushed open the doors herself moments later. The man just visible in the right edge of the photo is E. R. Davey, chairman of the property and building committee of the Brock University Founders' Committee. The Governor General can be seen turning the key.

Towards the enantioselective synthesis of lycoricidine alkaloids /

Two efficient, regio- and stereo controlled synthetic approaches to the synthesis of racemic analogs of pancratistatin have been accomplished and they serve as the model systems for the total synthesis of optically active 7-deoxy-pancratistatin. In the Diels-Alder approach, an efficient [4+2] cycloaddition of 3,4-methylenedioxyco- nitrostyrene with Danishefsky's diene to selectively form an exo-nitro adduct has been developed as the key step in the construction of the C-ring of the target molecule. In the Michael addition approach, the key step was a conjugate addition of an organic zinc-cuprate to the 3,4-methylenedioxy-(B-nitrostyrene, followed by a diastereocontroUed closure to form the cyclohexane C-ring of the target molecule via an intramolecular nitro-aldol cyclization on a neutral alumina surface. A chair-like transition state for such a cyclization has been established and such a chelation controlled transition state can be useful in the prediction of diastereoselectivity in other related 6-exo-trig nitroaldol reactions. Cyclization of the above products fi^om both approaches by using a Bischler-Napieralski type reaction afforded two lycoricidine derivatives 38 and 50 in good yields. The initial results from the above modeling studies as well as the analysis of the synthetic strategy were directed to a chiral pool approach to the total synthesis of optically active 7-deoxy-pancratistatin. Selective monsilylation and iodination of Ltartaric acid provided a chiral precursor for the proposed key Michael transformation. The outlook for the total synthesis of 7-deoxy-pancratistatin by this approach is very promising.A concise synthesis of novel designed, optically pure, Cz-symmetrical disulfonylamide chiral ligands starting from L-tartaric acid has also been achieved. This sequence employs the metallation of indole followed by Sfj2 replacement of a dimesylate as the key step. The activity for this Cz-symmetric chiral disulfonamide ligand in the catalytic enantioselective reaction has been confirmed by nucleophilic addition to benzaldehyde in the disulfonamide-Ti (0-i-Pr)4-diethylzinc system with a 48% yield and a 33% e.e. value. Such a ligand tethered with a suitable metal complex should be also applicable towards the total synthesis of 7-deoxy-pancratistatin.

The identification, distribution and persistence of oxamyl and its degradation products in planted corn seed, seedling root and soil from oxamyl-treated corn seeds

A simple method was developed for treating corn seeds with oxamyl. It involved soaking the seeds to ensure oxamyl uptake, centrifugation to draw off excess solution, and drying under a stream of air to prevent the formation of fungus. The seeds were found to have an even distribution of oxamyl. Seeds remained fungus-free even 12 months after treatment. The highest nonphytotoxic treatment level was obtained by using a 4.00 mg/mL oxamyl solution. Extraction methods for the determination of oxamyl (methyl-N'N'-dimethyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-l-thiooxamimidate), its oxime (methyl-N',N'-dimethyl-N-hydroxy-1-thiooxamimidate), and DMCF (N,N-dimethyl-1-cyanoformanade) in seed" root, and soil were developed. Seeds were processed by homogenizing, then shaking in methanol. Significantly more oxamyl was extracted from hydrated seeds as opposed to dry seeds. Soils were extracted by tumbling in methanol; recoveries range~ from 86 - 87% for oxamyl. Root was extracted to 93% efficiency for oxamyl by homogenizing the tissue in methanol. NucharAttaclay column cleanup afforded suitable extracts for analysis by RP-HPLC on a C18 column and UV detection at 254 nm. In the degradation study, oxamyl was found to dissipate from the seed down into the soil. It was also detected in the root. Oxime was detected in both the seed and soil, but not in the root. DMCF was detected in small amounts only in the seed.