935 resultados para EDUCACION COMPARADA


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Los modelos 'modelos animales con efectos maternos' (MAM)son modelos lineales mixtos que se utilizan para ajustar registros de caracteres bajo la influencia de efectos maternos. Uno de los desafíos más importantes en el marco de los MAM es la estimación de los parámetros de dispersión o 'componentes de (co)varianza' (CVC). En esta tesis se introducen desde una perspectiva bayesiana contribuciones teóricas y metodológicas con relación a la estimación de CVC para MAM sujetos a estructuras de covarianza novedosas. En primer lugar, se describe una implementación del análisis bayesiano jerárquico vía el algoritmo del muestreo de Gibbs. Luego, se considera una especificación conjugada diferente para la distribución a priori de la matriz de covarianza genética, basada en la distribución Wishart invertida generalizada, y se presenta una estrategia para determinar los correspondientes hiperparámetros. Esta estrategia fue comparada contra otras especificaciones a priori mediante un estudio de simulación estocástica, y produjo estimaciones precisas de los parámetros genéticos, con menores errores estándares y mejor tasa de convergencia. En segundo lugar, se presenta una formulación alternativa del MAM que incluye un parámetro de correlación ambiental entre pares de observaciones madre-progenie, y se desarrolla un procedimiento de estimación basado en un algoritmo de muestreo por grilla. El procedimiento fue programado y ejecutado exitosamente, y se obtuvo la primera estimación del parámetro de correlación con datos de campo para peso al destete en bovinos de carne. Por último, se considera el problema de la estimación de CVC en una población multirracial, donde en general es necesario especificar una estructura de covarianza heterogénea para los valores de cría. En particular, se demuestra que el modelo basado en la descomposición de la matriz de covarianza genética es equivalente al que deriva de la teoría genética cuantitativa. Además, se extiende el modelo para incluir efectos maternos y se describe la implementación de un análisis bayesiano jerárquico con el objetivo de estimar los CVC. El procedimiento fue implementado con éxito en datos experimentales de peso al destete y se obtuvieron por primera vez estimaciones para el conjunto completo de CVC.

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El presente artículo muestra los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia pedagógica de aula con estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería en Gestión de Empresas del Instituto Profesional La Araucana de Osorno, quienes dada una empresa, ficticia o real, debieron crear afiches publicitarios utilizando contenidos matemáticos básicos y avanzados para promocionar los bienes o servicios que ofrecen a la comunidad. Como resultado de la experiencia se logró que los estudiantes aplicaran conceptos de matemática básica y avanzada para la creación de publicidad de acuerdo a las necesidades de una empresa, visualizando la matemática como una disciplina aplicable a diferentes situaciones.

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Vivimos en un mundo complejo, conflictivo, en constante cambio y pluricultural. Por ello, es imprescindible una educación en valores fundamentales como la tolerancia, solidaridad, responsabilidad, cooperación, respeto a la naturaleza, sentido de justicia o espíritu crítico. En este artículo se presentan actividades de contenido matemático, elaboradas a partir de revistas, artículos periodísticos o de ONG y que versan sobre educación para el consumidor, educación para la paz, coeducación, derechos humanos, educación para el desarrollo sostenible. Están destinadas a alumnos de Educación Secundaria.Vivimos en un mundo complejo, conflictivo, en constante cambio y pluricultural. Por ello, es imprescindible una educación en valores fundamentales como la tolerancia, solidaridad, responsabilidad, cooperación, respeto a la naturaleza, sentido de justicia o espíritu crítico. En este artículo se presentan actividades de contenido matemático, elaboradas a partir de revistas, artículos periodísticos o de ONG y que versan sobre educación para el consumidor, educación para la paz, coeducación, derechos humanos, educación para el desarrollo sostenible. Están destinadas a alumnos de educación secundaria.

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Conocimiento es la información sin uso, el saber es la acción deliberada para hacer del conocimiento un objeto útil frente a una situación problemática. De donde se deduce que el aprendizaje es una manifestación de la evolución del conocimiento en saber. Por lo que el aprendizaje consiste en dar la respuesta correcta antes de la situación concreta.

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La construcción de la didáctica de las matemáticas como área de conocimiento científico trata de romper con la ilusión de transparencia que emerge del dominio de realidad configurado por los hechos didácticos. En este trabajo analizaremos la transparencia de los hechos didácticos a partir de diferentes investigaciones llevadas a cabo en esta área de conocimiento. En ellas se muestra cómo el análisis epistemológico de los objetos matemáticos de enseñanza es una condición necesaria para poder interpretar racionalmente los hechos y fenómenos didácticos.

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After considering museums as cultural institutions responsible for preserving cultural memory and its evolution over time, this article describes the cultural practices within our society that are aimed at disseminating art and at reproducing and transmitting culture, history and identity. Further, it considers the key role that older people are steadily assuming in Spain’s ageing society. New social-empowerment activities based on volunteering by the elderly are linked to generativity because the individual and social groups acquire new skills through those activities, thereby strengthening a society for all ages. Never in the history of social work have so many older people been prepared to participate actively at the community level, and never has a social movement with these features gone so unnoticed by so many social agents.

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This text presents an analysis of aggregated membership’s dynamics for Spanish trade unions, using ECVT data, as well as union memberships’ trajectories, or members’ decisions about joining the organization, permanency and responsibilities, and subsequent attrition. For the analysis of trajectories we make use of information of the records of actual memberships and the record of quitting of CCOO, and of a survey-questionnaire to a sample of leavers of the same union. This study allows us to confirm a linkage between the decision and motivations to become union member, to participate in union activities, the time of permanency, and the motives to quit the organization. We also identify five types of union members’ trajectories, indicating that, far from views that assert a monolithic structure, unions are complex organizations.

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This article studies the gender values that are promoted both in the literacy courses for gypsy women beneficiaries of the Social Integration Revenue Policy of the Region of Madrid and in the events that are organized for this group by public institutions and NGOs. The process of “socialization” that occurs in the educative groups for Gypsy women is focused on constructing an image of what it is to be a “Gypsy modern woman”. Through multiple mechanisms and discursive techniques a specific conception of gender equality is transmitted in these educative spaces. In addition to this, Gypsy women are continually urged to assume certain values and social practices (of gender identity, of "citizenship", of parenting, etc..), while an archetype of "Gypsy Woman" which condenses powerful stereotypes and prejudices about the "Gypsy culture" and the gender relations characteristics of this group is constructed.

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The aim of this article is to analyze the social policy in Latin America in a context of emerging welfare states. To understand the changes one takes into consideration the theories about institutional reform and the transformations produced in the XX century and the beginning of the XXI to substitute a social security regime mainly based on segmentation of benefi ts and on programs to fi ght poverty by another with an institutional and redistributive nature. The paper pays attention in particular to the path of the most developed welfare states of Latin America: Costa Rica, Chile, Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay.

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Several authors have applied the concept of Welfare Regimens for studying social policy in Latin America (Esping-Andersen, 1993 and 2000). Among others, Martínez Franzoni (2007) develops a typology, with fi eld work is at the turn of the millennium, and establishes three categories: State-productivist regime, state-protectionist and family orientated. Most countries in the region are placed in the latter category. The hypothesis of this article argues that with the emergence of governments considered “left” or “progressive” in several countries of the region from the late ‘90s and, more decisively, in 2000’, the map of welfare regimes models could have mutated substantively. The nationally transformative experiences are different (various socio-economic realities and political action in which they are located exists) but they have several contact points that can be summarized in a greater state intervention in different areas previously closed to their operating and recovery of important functions of welfare and care of the population by the government. The paper discusses with an exploratory and descriptive approach the welfare schemes that would shape in three countries that have constitutionalized the change from the neoliberal paradigm: Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador.

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This research analyses the importance of the training for the promotion of the social economy in two ways: 1) focusing on the characteristics of the educational offer of Social Economy and 2) analyzing its differences regarding to those studies from the Management, entrepreneurship, and innovations areas. To this aim, it is carried out as a first step a literature review of the contributions that study the relationships that can exist between the education and Economy. Then, being based on this previous analysis, we already center our research on the Social Economy sector and its relations with the education system. To get this objective, it has been developed a database that includes all the postgraduate titles related to the Economics area. Likewise, a questionnaire has been designed with the aim of characterize the training in social Economy. As a conclusion, it is obtained that the training in social economy in postgraduate studies in the Spanish Universities is very poor. On the other hand, there are significant differences between Social Economy degrees and Business Management, entrepreneurship and innovation degrees with regard to different aspects such as: values to transmit, competencies, skills, the way of understanding the Economy, etc. Based on these conclusions, different recommendations are proposed in order to promote and boost this other way of doing Economy through the training and education in postgraduate studies.

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The ways of incorporating newcoming students into schools and colleges have been at the center of debate in most OECD countries in recent years. In Spain, the set of measures developed for the reception of immigrant pupils in different Autonomous Communities has also been the subject of specific research, pointing out the similarities and contradictions between pedagogic discourses and school practices. This article takes into account these considerations and presents the reflections from the results of research on the Educational Welcome Facilities (and specifically the EBE) conducted during the school years 2008-2010. This device was created in Catalonia to attend newcomers before enrolling them in the school. It was a pilot project which took place in Vic and Reus for two consecutive years. The research of the EBE has enabled us to explain the relationship between educational assessment that schools made about this facility and reception processes that schools were implementing. The conclusions that emerge from this analysis allowed us to establish relationships between educational host practices of the seven centers analyzed with three different conceptual and educational frameworks of reception.

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Las organizaciones empresariales han cambiado desde inicios del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Este cambio es continuo y los nuevos escenarios invitan a una participación más activa de la pedagogía en el entorno empresarial. Ahora no es suficiente con competir para obtener un mayor beneficio, también es necesario innovar bajo el paraguas de la sostenibilidad y tener presente la realidad social en la que se encuentra la empresa. Las personas ocupan un papel aun más protagonista en las organizaciones empresariales de sociedades avanzadas. La pedagogía no debe ni puede permanecer al margen. La formación, la capacitación, la cualificación, la capacidad de innovación y la vinculación de la persona con la organización son las claves para el desarrollo, crecimiento y supervivencia de las organizaciones empresariales. La formación debe colaborar desde una perspectiva pedagógica. No debe limitar su actuación a ámbitos externos de la empresa (antes de la incorporación de la persona, o cuando la persona no está en el mercado laboral). Debe actuar desde dentro de las organizaciones empresariales.

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The Tutoring Group-hour in Compulsory Secondary Education and Post-Compulsory Schooling has been eliminated in a number of autonomous communities. Given the importance of the tutorial act as one of the fundamental pillars in students overall development, its disappearance has created considerable disturbance in the educational institutions, sparking a debate regarding the role of the tutor and the impact and effectiveness of their actions. In this survey, teachers from two different schools in the Community of Madrid maintain that they are properly trained to perform the various duties required for a tutor, show strong disagreement to the elimination of the Tutoring Group-hour in secondary schools, advocate incorporating it at a primary school level, and consider one of the main consequences of its disappearance to be less personalized attention for students. In short, an educational response that is less effective.