La relación entre los conceptos de relación estratégica comunitaria de las organizaciones con las comunidades y la responsabilidad social

Para maximizar los beneficios, una compañía fundamenta sus acciones en ciertas estrategias que ayudan a cumplir su objetivo de generar utilidades. Entre las diferentes acciones que una organización puede utilizar, están las de responsabilidad social y las de relaciones estratégicas con la comunidad. Partiendo de la definición de comunidad, pasando por una descripción de responsabilidad social y sus diferentes formas de aplicabilidad dentro de una empresa, hasta la definición de relación estratégica con la comunidad; esta investigación dirige sus esfuerzos a determinar el vínculo que existe entre los conceptos de responsabilidad social y relación estratégica comunitaria. Adicionalmente, se plantea que otras estrategias de relacionamiento con clientes, como el mercadeo relacional o el CRM, las cuales enfocan sus esfuerzos en conocer a cada uno de los clientes de una compañía para plantear una oferta acorde a sus necesidades, no son muy efectivas a la hora de crear un vínculo emocional con la comunidad.

La dimensión transnacional del movimiento feminista marroquí: génesis, desarrollo e impacto social (1980-2008)

Esta monografía busca explicar cómo han incidido el contexto internacional y las relaciones transnacionales en el movimiento feminista de Marruecos. De este modo, este estudio defiende que las Conferencias Mundiales sobre la Mujer de la ONU crearon una estructura de oportunidad política que favoreció el surgimiento y el desarrollo de este movimiento. Asimismo, dicho contexto construyó un espacio para que las activistas feministas marroquíes crearan y se insertaran en Redes de Defensa Transnacional, las cuales contribuyeron a cambiar la condición de la mujer en Marruecos, a través de reformas a los Códigos de Familia y Nacionalidad y el levantamiento de las reservas a la CEDAW. Para esto se hará un estudio interdisciplinario haciendo uso de la teoría de los movimientos sociales y del activismo transnacional. Igualmente, se utilizará una metodología cualitativa, principalmente a través de las herramientas del análisis de contenido y el trabajo de campo de la autora.

Las prácticas de recursos humanos y su incidencia en el bienestar laboral de los empleados

El objetivo del presente trabajo es formular, mediante una profunda revisión documental, bibliográfica y empírica, una fundamentación teórica sobre si existe o no incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos sobre el bienestar laboral de los empleados, y el que grado en que esta se presenta sobre aspecto como el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. Se realizó la revisión de múltiples estudios empíricos que aportaran evidencia sobre la relación que se presenta entre las principales prácticas de recursos humanos – provisión de personal, formación y desarrollo, promoción de personal, evaluación de desempeño, compensación y pago, y balance trabajo-familia – y el bienestar laboral, representado en el engagement y satisfacción en el trabajo de los empleados. Los resultados de este trabajo indican la existencia de una relación e incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos, el bienestar laboral, el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. De igual forma se encontró que estas relaciones son principalmente de carácter positivo, lo cual indica que las organizaciones que desarrollan este tipo de prácticas en su interior, fomentan tanto el desarrollo y la presencia de bienestar laboral en sus empleados, como su perdurabilidad.

Competência Social em contexto de carreira e autoconceito

A competência social é um construto multidimensional que abrange um conjunto de comportamentos aprendidos, socialmente aceites e que, deste modo, desempenha um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento humano em geral e, em particular, no funcionamento escolar e profissional, afetando as relações com os professores e pares e o sucesso académico e profissional (Lemos & Menezes, 2002). Por sua vez, o autoconceito, também descrito na literatura como um construto multidimensional que engloba um sistema de representações descritivas e avaliativas acerca do desempenho do self nos diferentes contextos e tarefas em que o sujeito se envolve, diz respeito à imagem que o sujeito tem de si próprio e aquilo que acredita ser (Veiga, 2006). A carreira é um exemplo de um processo sócio relacional (Blustein, 2011). Exige a capacidade do indivíduo para avaliar os conhecimentos de si e do meio, bem como para selecionar e implementar recursos sociais adequados para lidar com tarefas de carreira e desafios específicos. Tendo em consideração a falta de estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre a compreensão das competências sociais e do autoconceito no âmbito da carreira dos jovens adolescentes, este estudo tem como objetivo principal caracterizar as competências sociais em contexto de carreira e o autoconceito em alunos do 8º ano, bem como, analisar possíveis diferenças nos resultados em função de variáveis sociodemográficas. Além disso, pretende-se, ainda, analisar a influência do autoconceito nas competências sociais em contexto de carreira e vice-versa. Para o efeito, participaram neste estudo 306 estudantes de ambos os sexos, 163 raparigas (53,3%) e 143 rapazes (46,7%), com idades compreendidas entre 12 e 16 anos (M=13,28; DP=0,590). Estes jovens encontram-se a frequentar o 8º ano de escolaridade, em três estabelecimentos de ensino público da zona norte do país. Foram administrados dois questionários de auto relato, a Prova de Avaliação de Competência Social em contexto de Carreira (PACS-Car, Candeias, 2005 adaptada por Araújo & Taveira, 2009) para avaliar as competências sociais de carreira e, o Piers-Harris Children’s Self Concept Scale-2 (PHCSCS-2 – Piers & Herzberg, 2002, adaptado por Veiga, 2006), para avaliar o autoconceito. Os resultados indicam que os rapazes apresentam níveis mais elevados de desempenho pobre, ansiedade e popularidade, quando comparados com as raparigas e que os alunos mais novos apresentam níveis de desempenho excelente, aspeto comportamental e ansiedade superiores aos adolescentes mais velhos. Verificou-se, ainda, que as competências sociais em contexto de carreira parecem influenciar positivamente o autoconceito e vice-versa. São retiradas implicações para o processo de intervenção na carreira com jovens.

Responsabilidade Social e Satisfação no Trabalho : estudo numa Organização Angolana

Foi objetivo deste estudo analisar a relação entre a perceção da responsabilidade social e a satisfação no trabalho numa amostra de trabalhadores de uma empresa da área petrolífera de Angola. A amostra foi constituída por 135 profissionais. Foram utilizados como instrumentos um questionário de dados demográficos, a Escala de Percepção de Responsabilidade Social e uma escala de Satisfação no Trabalho. Os resultados mostram que quanto mais positiva é a perceção da forma como a empresa trata os seus recursos humanos e como contribui para o seu bem-estar e quanto maior é a perceção da responsabilidade social ao nível económico, maior é a satisfação no trabalho. Contudo, não foi encontrada uma relação significativa entre a perceção da responsabilidade social ao nível da comunidade e ambiente e a satisfação no trabalho.

O conceito de «perceção do risco» : contributo da psicologia social

Este artigo refere-se à forma como a Psicologia Social estuda o risco, a qual parte do fenómeno intrapsíquicos para explicar as realidades em que os diferentes atores sociais se movem. Nele apresentamos os conceitos de «percepção de risco» e de «avaliação do risco». Apesar do segundo conceito ser mais objetivo que o primeiro, é o primeiro que tem maior importância na adesão a comportamentos preventivos.

Psicologia social e ideologia: a inserção de um novo/velho conceito e suas consequências para a analise dos fenômenos psico-sociais

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo examinar o surgimento do conceito de ideologia e as transformações que vem sofrendo desde então, tendo como objetivo fundamental sugerir áreas de estudo dentro da Psicologia, particularmente da Psicologia Social, onde a aplicação desta categoria de análise poderia lançar uma luz mais esclarecedora e satisfatória sobre uma série de fenômenos de comportamento, áreas estas que até agora persistem em ignorar os fenômenos ideológicos. Ao final do trabalho foram formuladas críticas severas à maneira pela qual a Psicologia Social vem se realizando no Brasil via EUA, quer a nível metodológico, quer particularmente quanto aos fenômenos por ela estudados. Entre nós se patenteia a ausência e aceitação de enfoques interdisciplinares, bem como a dissociação de tais fenômenos do contexto histórico-político onde ocorrem. Sugeriu-se também a criação entre nós de uma nova área de estudos preferencial para a Psicologia Social - Psicologia Social do proletariado - visando estabelecer, num futuro próximo, um referencial teórico capaz de refletir e compreender realmente a dinâmica social desta classe, isento de comprometimentos classistas, reflexo da ideologia dominante à qual tal classe é tradicionalmente submetida.

Compliance to law and effectiveness of the rule of law in Brazil

The goal of this paper is to debate the degree of effectiveness of the rule of law in Brazil, through a survey measuring perceptions, attitudes and habits of Brazilians in regard to compliance to law. The survey conducted in Brazil is based on the study conducted by Tom R. Tyler in the United States, entitled Why People Obey the Law? (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990). The main argument of Tyler´s study is that people obey the law when they believe it’s legitimate, and not because they fear punishment. We test the same argument in Brazil, relying on five indicators: (i) behavior, which depicts the frequency with which respondents declared to have engaged in conducts in disobedience to the law; (ii) instrumentality, measuring perception of losses associated with the violation of the law, specially fear of punishment; (iii) morality, measuring perception of how much is right or wrong to engage in certain conducts in violation of the law; (iv) social control, which measures perception of social disapproval of certain types of behavior in violation of the law, and (v) legitimacy, which measures the perception of respect to the law and to some authorities. Results indicate that fear of sanctions is not the strongest drive in compliance to law, but more than legitimacy, indicators of morality and social control are the strongest in explaining why people obey the law in Brazil.

Política de assistência social no Brasil: uma análise a partir das tipologias de políticas públicas

The study of public policy typologies is still a knowledge field which lacks more embracing and applicable studies to different sectors. On that perspective, this work, Social Assistance Policy in Brazil: an analysis from the typologies on public policy, pursues to add the relevant literature to social assistance what focus on the public policy ratings. Moreover, it concerns about a study on the the national policy of social assistance implemented by the Brazilian government from the theoretical referrence of the public policy typologies. For that reason, the referential framework of the public policies as well as the analisys of its fundamentals/principles that are indispensable for achieving a bigger goal, that is to tipify the social assistance policy based on the different public policy typologies and characterize it through the main elements which are intrinsec to the social political and economic reality of Brazil. Thus, the issue suggested for the work is: what is the profile and the political trajectory of the social assistance implemented by the Brazilian Government? How it presents, above all, the features of a distributive, focused and lawful policy, the work has been done througho the following hypothesis: the social assistance policy in Brazil has been of universal, assistance, and focusing aspects. For each of those features granted to the social assistance policy, there is a gathering of changes according to the social, political and economic moment of the country and that stands out due to the different institutions within every cyclical period. The work showed that besides the social policy has gone through meaningful changes during the last decades, even though the adoption of the Organic Law of Social Assistance and its rules, some of the mentioned characteristics still remain, as long as the State s primacy goes on being the economic policies over the dubbed social policies. Notwithstanding, the social assistance will build up itself from the materialization of the growing of the social rights related to the State, but also assuming an important role on the amplified reproducing process regarding the capitalist social relations

A função social do contrato como concretização de direitos fundamentais nas relações privadas

This dissertation deals with the social function of the contract, based on constitutional principles, especially those relating to fundamental rights. The social function of the contract (general clause) is described in the Civil Code so intentionally generic, no precise criteria to define it. Because of the fluidity of this principle, it is justified its closer study, seeking to assess its various meanings and looking away from the legal uncertainty that an unlimited conceptual vagueness can cause. The social function of the contract arises from a transformation experienced in private law from the inflows received from the Constitutional Law, the result of an evolutionary process by which it became the state structure, leaving the foundations of the classical liberal state and moving toward a vision guided by existential human values that give the keynote of the Welfare State. Arose, then the concern about the effectiveness of fundamental rights in relations between individuals, which is studied from the inapplicability of fundamental rights in private relations (U.S. doctrine of State action), passing to the analysis of the Theory of indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights (of German creation and majority acceptance), reaching the right horizontal efficacy Theory of fundamental rights, prevailing Brazilian doctrine and jurisprudence. It has also been investigated the foundations of the social contract, pointing out that, apart from the provisions of the constitutional legislation, that base the principle on screen, there have also been noticed foundations in the Federal Constitution, in devices like the art. 1, III, the dignity of the human person is the north of the relationship between contractors. Also art. 3rd, I CF/88 bases the vision of social covenants, equipping it for the implementation of social solidarity, as one of the fundamental objectives of the Republic. Still on art. 170 of the Constitution it is seen as a locus of reasoning in the social function of the contract, the maintenance of the economic order. It is also studied the internal and external aspects of the social function of the contract, being the first part the one that considers the requirement of respect for contractual loyalty, through the objective good faith, as a result of the dignity of the hirer may not be offended by the other through the contract. On the other hand, the external facet of the social function of the contract, in line with the constitutional mandate of solidarity, indicates the need for contractors to respect the rights of society, namely the diffuse, collective and individual third party. In this external appearance, it is also pointed the notion of external credit protection, addressing the duty of society to respect the contract. There has been shown some notions of the social contract in comparative law. Then, there has been investigated the content of principle study, through their interrelationships with other provisions of private and constitutional law, namely equality, objective good faith, private autonomy and dignity of the human person. We study the application of the social contract in contractual networks as well as the guidance of conservation of contracts, especially those denominated long-term captive contracts, considering the theory of substantive due performance, concluding with an analysis of the social contract in code of Consumer Protection

A Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) no embate das contrarreformas da previdência social: contraposição ou consenso?

The provident rights were results of intense fights in between the capital and work, claiming the interventions of the state for the creation of an ample social protection system. In Brazil the law, Providence Social mark, dated 1923, from then on, the advances and extensions were many, of this diverse categories of politics. Mean while, in the 1990 s, the Brazilian government adopted the examples of other developed countries, the new pattern that hinted the realization of substantial changes on the states purpose, the reached rights and the proper organization of working classes. For the Social Providence, the principal loses turned out in 1998 and 2003; respectively in FHC governments and Lula, with the realization of two counter reforms that restricted the provident rights and motivated the privatization of public providence. In the scenery, the CUT, one of the representative organizations from working classes, founded in 1983, that has always itself with changed direction, from fighting to negotiating. This inflection determined the proposition of the center before the offers of the counter reforms, of Social Providence. The present work has the objective to analyze the social politic content of the fights from Brazilian union movement in the period of the conquests and disassembled rights and, to analyze the proposition, acting and offers from CUT in the counter reform period from Providence in the Government FHC and Lula. To perform this study beyond the essential bibliographical revision to found and deepen the subject, we use, the documental search through the internet pages, resolutions, informations and others publications from CUT. Using CUT in the governments worked in an elegant way, the FHC government against-reforms, showed itself through diverse actions, even though they didn t have homogeneous inside, contrary the neoliberalists politicians from this government, also the offers and precaution changers. While during the reign of Lula it shoved itself priority negociative and propositive

Adolescentes em conflito com a lei: a saga das punições na rota da exclusão social

This work deals with the problematic of the determinations that contribute to become the adolescents involved with law. Thus, in this research, the social exclusion is apprehended as one of the most important determining to understand this problematic, once we defend that it is part of the trajectory of this adolescent's life since its birth as a punishment that starts before they becoming envolved in act's that break the law. It is still questioned the discussion of the reduction of the penal age, viewed aa a proposal that will contribute to perpetuate the repression. The objectives of the research were: analyze the problematic of adolescents in conflict with law, where social exclusion is seen here as a main category. The research also aims to understand the situation towards social exclusion and that this public is undertaken in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, more specifically in Natal. This is dane through analysis of the profile of adolescents that are submitted to the treatment at Centro Integrate de Atendimento ao Adolescente Acusado de Ato Infracional - CIAD in 2005. This is dane on arder to identify of the State's and society's actions towards this issue, how it has prevailed in analyzing if there is punishing or social protection. The research also contributed with discussion towards the non penal reduction of for underage minors. The approach realized if of qualiquantitative nature. The research was realized with 190 male adolescent subjects, age ranging from 12 to 21 that were interns at CIAD in the year of 2005. The research shows that their fundamental rights (education, health, amongst others) are disrespected on a daily basis by the State. The State prioritizes economic issues, making social inequality more profound. The main argument is that this problematic has its main oring in the social exclusion and it is imposed to the adolescents as a punishment before thes have been involved with the law going on top of the social protection. When the adolescent goes from being the victim to executioner, the Statute of Children and Adolescents is questioned by many sectors that defend the reduction of penal minority as a solution to reduce the country's violence. Thus, it was aimed here to discuss arguments that point to non exclusion, discrimination and repression. It is proposed that the State should assume children and adolescents as a priority, implementing what the statute establishes as well as assures related to the fruition of denied rights as a way to prevent their future involvement with violence

Paradigmas diversos no campo da assistência social e seus estabelecimentos assistenciais típicos

In order to understand what is the situation of entities that serve children and adolescents today, as well as the institutional plot that comprises these institutions, we aimed to formulate a set of paradigmatic possibilities that would allow us to understand the configuration of the dialectical field of various pulses, in which these entities are located. We detected the subjects we associate with counterparts paradigms of Charity, of Human Promotion, of Philanthropy, of assistentialist government patronage, of Social Work as a State Policy, and finally, another set of events that we propose to designate as the paradigm of Citizen Subjects we associate with the ethical perspective of People Education. These paradigmatic possibilities range from the simply various and contrasting ones, including the similar and competing ones, to the dialectically contradictory ones. Its spectrum oscillates between tutelage and citizenship. The characterization of these didactic paradigms can provide us a compass that is required in a highly complex social field, allowing us to understand the variety of ethical effects promoted by these paradigms in the social field.