La valoraci��n que los graduados tienen sobre su formaci��n universitaria desde su situaci��n laboral actual

En este art��culo analizamos la valoraci��n de los titulados universitarios sobre la formaci��n recibida y su utilidad en la ocupaci��n actual. El objetivo es analizar si existen diferencias por el nivel formativo de origen y el sexo de los estudiantes. A su vez, examinamos si las caracter��sticas de la situaci��n laboral intervienen en estas relaciones afectando diferencialmente seg��n las caracter��sticas sociodemogr��ficas. Los resultados muestran la existencia de diferencias valorativas entre los j��venes seg��n su origen social y sexo, siendo las mujeres y los j��venes de clase trabajadora los que valoran mejor su formaci��n recibida. Finalmente, con la introducci��n de la situaci��n laboral como variable de control constatamos que, en algunos casos, estas diferencias valorativas son debidas al contexto laboral actual de los graduados m��s que a diferencias sociodemogr��ficas.

Superficialidad m��xima. Superficie como posibilidad de sentido: imagen y s��ntoma

En estas p��ginas se pretende proponer un modo de entender lo visto siempre como adaptaci��n inmanente, deseo y simbolizaci��n, esto es, entenderlo como imagen. Se har�� conforme a un concepto de ���superficie��� que prolonga la lectura que hiciera Didi-Huberman del concepto de imagen-s��ntoma de Aby Warburg, y se apoya en textos de teor��a psicoanal��tica de la mano de Jacques Lacan, en un intento no de arruinar la capacidad de hermen��utica del observador, sino de entender la b��squeda del sentido y de la esencia ���del arte por ejemplo��� como la investigaci��n sobre un conflicto hist��rico de p��rdidas, crisis y memoria. ���Superficie��� en tanto que masa ��tona y sin sentido donde el ojo siempre visiona formas: ver superficie es que el ojo siempre adapte lo visto, deseando abrirlo visionariamente en su significado para recabar su verdad oculta, pero parad��jicamente cerr��ndolo. Porque mirar im��genes supone siempre perder visi��n respecto de una supuesta totalidad en la que se dar��an todos los significados en todas sus ambig��edades y en todas sus posibilidades hist��ricas, p��rdida s��lo decible en su retorno en tanto que resignificaci��n traum��tica. Aqu�� postulamos que la ilusi��n ser�� creer no que las apariencias son ilusorias, sino que m��s all�� de ellas hay ���m��s realidad���. Este planteamiento no s��lo ratifica la posici��n del sujeto, inserto en una superficie/cuadro dada-a-ver, sino que descubre la brecha constitutiva que le rige y que es un ���m��s en ��l��� que ��l mismo.

���The new Cagliostro���: Onofroff, Rub��n Dar��o and his story "La esfinge"

The article retraces the career of the famous hypnotist Onofroff and particularly his visit to Buenos Aires, where his activity, in 1895, provoked many discussions and some public embarrassment. In this context Dar��o, using a pseudonym, published his cr��nica ���La esfinge���. We reproduce ���La esfinge���, transcribing the original text of La Naci��n, with annotations identifying the literary and theosophical sources Dar��o used when he wrote it.

El idiotismo de la sociedad tradicionalista tecnificada de principios de siglo XX en Colombia: La cr��tica de Luis Vidales a trav��s de "Suenan timbres"

En este art��culo tratamos, por medio de Suenan timbres de Luis Vidales, el idiotismo de la sociedad tradicionalista tecnificada de principios de siglo XX en Colombia. Estudio que realizamos desde el concepto de idiotismo de Vidales, en estrecha relaci��n con el de cultura de vi��eta de Rafael Guti��rrez Girardot, para plantear la burla del poeta a la sociedad capitalista, que cuestiona la presencia de la Iglesia cat��lica y la pol��tica conservadora en todos los estadios de la vida nacional.

Approaches of the Action Art in early childhood Education. Some other ways of interrelation within the educational system

This Artistic research project was created in order to test how to put into practice approaches between Contemporary Art and University daily life. In this particular case, between Action Art and the students at the Early Childhood Education University in Alicante. The generalized lack of awareness about changes which took place in Art in the XX century, demonstrates the lack of interest on the part of students about Contemporary Art, and therefore, it is still remarkable, the distance between Art and life. Thus, as artists and teachers, the chance to carry out specific experiments is open within everyday educational life. Therefore, through Action Art a communicative interaction is possible to be achieved as an active learning process and, in such way, change the usual existing relationships in a predetermine context, creating this way, future Contemporary Art consumers and transmitters.

The notion of space in the artistic language of Alfredo Jaar

Conceptual art and communicator role has influenced the work of Chilean architect Alfredo Jaar, which has been proposed report, with other codes [verbal and nonverbal], global events influencing contemporary society. His early training as an architect has driven innovation in the design of artistic space , using the message to convey to the viewer the reason for his work for more than three decades, highlights the artistic composition with various material resources whose purpose lies in conceptualizing various topics relevant in considering the role of artistic communication. Jaar���s style is the sum of his own life experience in relation to the contradictions of the world today, which is exposed and from the perspective of postmodernism from the exploitation of the notion of space as an open stage for visual and expressiveness beyond national borders, societies and cultures of the world.

The photography and the motion landscape in the urban expressway

A new kind of photographic representation, called movement-image is proposed and discussed to record the visual experience of the journey through urban highways. It consists of performing long exposure photographic shots while the track is traversed, thus registering a time-panorama which includes landscape signs and inner spaces of the ways involved. This proposal is linked to the limitations of representing these expressways, if they are understood as structures of instrumental origin, where the resulting experience comes from moving at high speed through the territory. In al almost all cases the aesthetic approach or urban integration with the city and landscape are excluded. In this sense, although such structures may be an opportunity to collect, build and colonize the urban landscape, the lack of adequate representation of the phenomenon causes a difficulty in its understanding and transformation. The options for representation using photography is assumed, knowing its own particular tradition in the use of long exposures, for the expression of the mobile, and the multiple visual attention, divided or weakened.

The Rhetorical Construction of Corporate Logos

This research is set in the context of today���s societies, in which the corporate visual symbology of a business, corporation or institution constitutes an essential way to transmit its corporate image. Traditional discursive procedures can be discovered in the development of these signs. The rhetorical strategies developed by the great classical authors appear in the logo-symbols expressing the corporate values of today���s companies. Thus, rhetoric is emerging once again in the sense it had many centuries ago: A repertory of rules that, paradoxically, standardizes the deviations of language and whose control is synonymous with power. The main objective of this study is to substantiate the rhetorical construction of logos using as a model of analysis the classical process of creating discourse. This involves understanding logos as persuasive discourses addressed to a modern audience. Our findings show that the rhetorical paradigm can be considered as a creative model for the con��struction of an original logo consistent with a company���s image.

The use of cues for attention in ancient Greek art: aspects that influence concentration in the work of art and its elements

The goal of this study is to identify cues for the cognitive process of attention in ancient Greek art, aiming to find confirmation of its possible use by ancient Greek audiences and artists. Evidence of cues that trigger attention���s psychological dispositions was searched through content analysis of image reproductions of ancient Greek sculpture and fine vase painting from the archaic to the Hellenistic period - ca. 7th -1st cent. BC. Through this analysis, it was possible to observe the presence of cues that trigger orientation to the work of art (i.e. amplification, contrast, emotional salience, simplification, symmetry), of a cue that triggers a disseminate attention to the parts of the work (i.e. distribution of elements) and of cues that activate selective attention to specific elements in the work of art (i.e. contrast of elements, salient color, central positioning of elements, composition regarding the flow of elements and significant objects). Results support the universality of those dispositions, probably connected with basic competencies that are hard-wired in the nervous system and in the cognitive processes.

Some thoughts on Juan Antonio Ram��rez��s iconologic-paranoid method for the study of Dali��s works

In 1990, Juan Antonio Ram��rez made known his iconological paranoiac method to the academic world. It is a system devised to study Dal����s work, born of happy matrimony between the catalonian artist��s critical paranoiac method and the first iconographic school of Warburg and Panofsky. What, at first sight, seemed to be an extravagant methodology with little academic credibility, turned out to be, by going forward in time, an effective research method when analyzing Dali��s initial works. It is no wonder that, at the beginning of XXI century, this hybridization between Dal����s and Panofsky���s methods, were regarded as a strange and nonsensical idea. Nevertheless, twenty years after, blatant examples have been noted, which endorse the advantages of this new system for ���iconographic��� study. As usual, this new contribution by Juan Antonio Ramirez to art history methodology is called upon to have a successful future survival, in forthcoming generations. This article, attempts to analyze this method, inquiring into the validity, effectiveness and practical utility.

Forma y transgresi��n: el discurso del arte

El arte, en sus diferentes campos, desarrolla un tipo de discurso que nada tiene que ver con el de otros ��mbitos. Se vale de combinaciones de elementos diversos, normalmente pertenecientes a lenguajes convencionales, para elaborar un enunciado ��nico y nuevo, donde una idea encuentra finalmente su forma. El contenido y la estructura se fusionan en un punto indisoluble. En este art��culo se plantean las b��squedas de paradigmas cl��sicos de la forma art��stica y una reflexi��n al respecto desde el ��mbito de las Artes Visuales. Se parte de la consideraci��n que durante muchos siglos se ten��a de la representaci��n o imitaci��n de la realidad no solo como veh��culo de la expresi��n sino como la finalidad del arte. Se continua por el foco que la Transgresi��n de Dad�� estableci�� en aquellas formas art��sticas que buscan una conmoci��n emocional para que la creaci��n alcance los territorios ��ntimos del receptor. Por ��ltimo, se explica el fundamental hallazgo de Duchamp de se��alar que es el propio discurso de la obra el que proporciona un nuevo pensamiento al mundo.

La recuperaci��n mutua en personas con trastornos psicol��gicos o diversidad funcional a trav��s de la pr��ctica creativa

En el presente art��culo introducimos el concepto de ���recuperaci��n mutua��� y proponemos las pr��cticas creativas como herramientas eficientesde recuperaci��n de personas tanto con problemas de salud mental como con alg��n tipo de diversidad funcional. Frente al concepto cl��sico de ���arte-terapia��� nosotros proponemos el concepto de ���pr��ctica creativa��� como m��s compatible con el modelo de ���recuperaci��n mutua���. Para ello, en primer lugar realizamos un breve repaso cr��tico a la relaci��n del arte con la locura. Seguidamente, presentamos los conceptos hermanos de ���recuperaci��n��� y ���recuperaci��n mutua��� en el marco de lo que se ha venido a denominar las ���health humanities���. Para finalizar, describimos dos pr��cticas creativas que en la actualidad est��n siendo evaluadas en Espa��a en el contexto de un proyecto de investigaci��ninternacional en recuperaci��n mutua: Los seminarios creativos con personas con trastorno mental grave en el Museo de Arte Contempor��neo de Sevilla y el grupo de teatro con personas con diversidad funcional de la Asociaci��n S��ndrome de Down-Sevilla

Procesamiento de la Informaci��n Social, Relaciones entre Iguales y Ajuste Social: Agresi��n y Victimizaci��n

El presente estudio fue realizado en tres clases del Centro de Educaci��n Primaria "Fil��sofo S��neca" de Madrid. El objetivo fue determinar la forma en que los ni��os de 5�� y 6�� de educaci��n primaria procesan la informaci��n social y su relaci��n con el nivel de ajuste social manifestado, expresado en t��rminos de agresividad y victimizaci��n. El estudio, se basa en el Modelo de Procesamiento de la Informaci��n Social propuesto por Crick y Dodge (1994) y examina el cuarto paso de ��ste, la generaci��n de respuestas alternativas. Se recogieron datos de forma individualizada de n=55 ni��os, 24 ni��os y 31 ni��as. La hip��tesis principal, formulada como que un d��ficit en el procesamiento de la informaci��n social se relacionar�� con unos niveles m��s altos de agresi��n y victimizaci��n, se mantiene.<br/><br/>The following study was implemented in three classes of the Primary EducationCentre ��Fil��sofo S��neca��. Its aim was to determine the way that children of this age processsocial information and the relation between this and the level of aggression or victimizationthey show.The study is based on the Model of Social Information Processing proposed byCrick and Dodge in 1994, and examines the fourth step of this model, the generation of alternative responses. The principal hypothesis, that a deficit in social information process-ing will be related to higher levels of aggression and victimization, is supported.

Salud y calidad de vida de personas mayores con demencia institucionalizadas

La demencia en personas mayores puede tener muchas causas, entre ellas la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Independientemente de su causa, las personas mayores con demencia ven su vida afectada de muchas formas, con una p��rdida gradual de su autonom��a, incremento de los problemas de salud y necesidad creciente de cuidados; todo esto se refleja en un detrimento de su calidad de vida. Es importante profundizar en las caracter��sticas de las personas mayores con demencia institucionalizadas, para de esta forma conocer mejor sus necesidades, y as�� poder desarrollar intervenciones que mantengan y mejoren su calidad de vida. Este libro describe los resultados de un estudio desarrollado por un equipo de investigaci��n multidisciplinar, con la participaci��n de profesionales de las siguientes ��reas de conocimiento: enfermer��a, estad��stica, geograf��a, geriatr��a, medicina preventiva, neurolog��a y neuropsicología, psicología y sociolog��a.

Student���s Engagement in School: Conceptualization and relations with Personal Variables and Academic Performance

This article reviews the literature regarding Student���s Engagement in School (SES), its relationship with personal variables, as well as with academic performance. Although SES��� conceptualization may vary across studies, there is general agreement concerning the multidimensional nature of this construct, encompassing three dimensions ��� cognitive, affective and behavioural. It is seen as an antecedent of several required outcomes, at academic level, but also as a valorous construct itself, both as mediator and product. More particularly, this concept has been the focus of debate concerning academic success and school dropout. There can also be found a significant number of studies which suggest that personal (self-efficacy, self-concept), as well as contextual (peers, school, family) factors are related with school engagement; additionally, the lack of engagement is linked with low academic performance, behavioural problems and school dropout. Thus, Student���s Engagement in School is perceived as a potentially effective response to the problems affecting schools and their students, and an aspect to be considered in preventing problematic patterns related to scholary contexts.