Caractérisation de la plainte cognitive dans le vieillissement normal et le trouble cognitif léger

Le vieillissement étant un enjeu démographique majeur, il est capital de mieux comprendre les changements qui surviennent durant cette période de la vie. Il est connu que certaines fonctions cognitives sont modifiées avec l’avancée en âge. D’ailleurs, 25 à 50 % des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus rapportent avoir observé un déclin de leur cognition et de leur mémoire. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la caractérisation de la plainte cognitive chez des personnes âgées saines et chez des aînés ayant un trouble cognitif léger (TCL) ainsi que sur son évolution au fil de la progression vers la maladie d’Alzheimer. La première étude (Chapitre II) avait pour objectif d’identifier les différents domaines de plainte mnésique chez des personnes d’âge moyen et des individus plus âgés. Elle visait également à vérifier si les domaines de plainte étaient associés aux performances aux tests neuropsychologiques. L’effet sur la plainte de certaines caractéristiques personnelles (âge, sexe, niveau de scolarité et symptômes dépressifs) a aussi été examiné. Le Questionnaire d’auto-évaluation de la mémoire (QAM; Van der Linden, Wijns, Von Frenkell, Coyette, & Seron, 1989) et plusieurs tests neuropsychologiques ont été complétés par 115 adultes sains âgés de 45 à 87 ans. Une analyse en composantes principales réalisée sur l'ensemble des questions du QAM a permis d’identifier sept grands domaines de plainte. Des analyses subséquentes ont révélé que les plaintes les plus fréquemment rapportées par les participants sont associées à des situations où des facteurs internes et externes interfèrent avec la performance mnésique. Les analyses ont aussi montré que les plaintes relatives à des oublis dont les conséquences menacent l’autonomie et la sécurité témoigneraient de problèmes cognitifs et fonctionnels plus sévères. Enfin, nos résultats ont indiqué que les différents domaines de plainte reflètent globalement les problèmes cognitifs objectifs. Aucune association n’a été trouvée entre la plainte et la plupart des caractéristiques démographiques. La seconde étude (Chapitre III) avait pour but de caractériser la plainte cognitive dans le TCL ainsi que son évolution dans la progression de la démence. L’étude cherchait aussi à déterminer si les changements dans certains domaines de plainte étaient reliés au déclin de ii fonctions cognitives spécifiques chez les individus avec TCL qui ont progressé vers la démence (progresseurs). Des personnes avec TCL et des individus âgés sains ont été évalués annuellement pendant trois ans. Le QAM et le Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ; Fort, Holl, Kaddour, & Gana, 2004) ont été utilisés pour mesurer leurs plaintes. Les résultats ont révélé que les progresseurs rapportaient davantage de difficultés associées à la mémorisation de contenus complexes (ex. : textes ou conversations), d’événements récents et d’informations sur leurs proches que les personnes âgées saines et ce, jusqu’à trois ans avec le diagnostic de démence. L’analyse des effets de groupe a indiqué que l’intensité des plaintes des progresseurs semble être demeurée stable durant le suivi. Il est donc possible qu’une proportion des progresseurs présentent une méconnaissance de leurs difficultés cognitives. Cependant, des analyses corrélationnelles ont montré que l’augmentation des plaintes reliées à trois domaines était associée à l’accroissement de certaines atteintes cognitives durant les trois ans. Ainsi, certaines plaintes pourraient permettre de mieux comprendre les difficultés cognitives qui sont vécues par la personne avec TCL. Les implications théoriques et cliniques de ces résultats seront discutées dans le dernier chapitre de la thèse (Chapitre IV).

Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a novel cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for provoked vestibulodynia: a pilot study.

Introduction Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD), a recurrent, localized vulvovaginal pain problem, carries a significant psychosexual burden for afflicted women, who report impoverished sexual function and decreased frequency of sexual activity and pleasure. Interpersonal factors such as partner responses to pain, partner distress, and attachment style are associated with pain outcomes for women and with sexuality outcomes for both women and partners. Despite these findings, no treatment for PVD has systematically included the partner. Aims This study pilot‐tested the feasibility and potential efficacy of a novel cognitive–behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) for couples coping with PVD. Methods Couples (women and their partners) in which the woman was diagnosed with PVD (N = 9) took part in a 12‐session manualized CBCT intervention and completed outcome measures pre‐ and post‐treatment. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was women's pain intensity during intercourse as measured on a numerical rating scale. Secondary outcomes included sexual functioning and satisfaction for both partners. Exploratory outcomes included pain‐related cognitions; psychological outcomes; and treatment satisfaction, feasibility, and reliability. Results One couple separated before the end of therapy. Paired t‐test comparisons involving the remaining eight couples demonstrated significant improvements in women's pain and sexuality outcomes for both women and partners. Exploratory analyses indicated improvements in pain‐related cognitions, as well as anxiety and depression symptoms, for both members of the couple. Therapists' reported high treatment reliability and participating couples' high participation rates and reported treatment satisfaction indicate adequate feasibility. Conclusions Treatment outcomes, along with treatment satisfaction ratings, confirm the preliminary success of CBCT in reducing pain and psychosexual burden for women with PVD and their partners. Further large‐scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to examine the efficacy of CBCT compared with and in conjunction with first‐line biomedical interventions for PVD.

A prospective two-year examination of cognitive and behavioral correlates of provoked vestibulodynia outcomes.

Note de l'éditeur : This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the journal. It is not the copy of record. / Cet article ne constitue pas la version officielle, et peut différer de la version publiée dans la revue.

Consequence modelling,vulnerability assessment and fuzzy fault tree analysis of hazardous storages in an industrial area

The hazards associated with major accident hazard (MAH) industries are fire, explosion and toxic gas releases. Of these, toxic gas release is the worst as it has the potential to cause extensive fatalities. Qualitative and quantitative hazard analyses are essential for the identitication and quantification of the hazards associated with chemical industries. This research work presents the results of a consequence analysis carried out to assess the damage potential of the hazardous material storages in an industrial area of central Kerala, India. A survey carried out in the major accident hazard (MAH) units in the industrial belt revealed that the major hazardous chemicals stored by the various industrial units are ammonia, chlorine, benzene, naphtha, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone and LPG. The damage potential of the above chemicals is assessed using consequence modelling. Modelling of pool fires for naphtha, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, benzene and ammonia are carried out using TNO model. Vapor cloud explosion (VCE) modelling of LPG, cyclohexane and benzene are carried out using TNT equivalent model. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) modelling of LPG is also carried out. Dispersion modelling of toxic chemicals like chlorine, ammonia and benzene is carried out using the ALOHA air quality model. Threat zones for different hazardous storages are estimated based on the consequence modelling. The distance covered by the threat zone was found to be maximum for chlorine release from a chlor-alkali industry located in the area. The results of consequence modelling are useful for the estimation of individual risk and societal risk in the above industrial area.Vulnerability assessment is carried out using probit functions for toxic, thermal and pressure loads. Individual and societal risks are also estimated at different locations. Mapping of threat zones due to different incident outcome cases from different MAH industries is done with the help of Are GIS.Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is an established technique for hazard evaluation. This technique has the advantage of being both qualitative and quantitative, if the probabilities and frequencies of the basic events are known. However it is often difficult to estimate precisely the failure probability of the components due to insufficient data or vague characteristics of the basic event. It has been reported that availability of the failure probability data pertaining to local conditions is surprisingly limited in India. This thesis outlines the generation of failure probability values of the basic events that lead to the release of chlorine from the storage and filling facility of a major chlor-alkali industry located in the area using expert elicitation and proven fuzzy logic. Sensitivity analysis has been done to evaluate the percentage contribution of each basic event that could lead to chlorine release. Two dimensional fuzzy fault tree analysis (TDFFTA) has been proposed for balancing the hesitation factor invo1ved in expert elicitation .

Normative and cognitive influences on female entrepreneurial reluctance at the base of the pyramid - an explorative study of cleaning ladies in Istanbul

Previous research has considered entrepreneurship as a way out of poverty and as a chance to foster economic growth. Moreover, specifically start-ups headed by women have played an important role in the economic development and it has been argued that gender-related issues, amongst others, play a significant role for the performance of a country or region. Against this background, this qualitative study explores desires, reluctances and constraints toward entrepreneurial activities of a comparably homogenous group of potential (poor) entrepreneurs in an emerging economy—cleaning ladies in Istanbul. We focus on this particular context as still rather little is known on reasons why women do not start a business (in Turkey). We believe exploring the reasons why certain individuals choose not to become entrepreneurs is at least as telling as investigating why they do so. We draw upon the social dimensions of entrepreneurship by Shapero and Sokol (1982) alongside Institutional Theory and posit that normative and cognitive forces may shape individual decisions on entrepreneurship. We identified two basic clusters of women and discuss possible hindrance factors undermining entrepreneurial desires and limitations for entrepreneurship as well as possible avenues for policy makers (and MNCs) to foster entrepreneurship in the given community.

Associations between parental educational-occupational levels and cognitive performance in Spanish adolescents : The AVENA study

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Cognitive abilities, sociocultural background and academic achievement

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Cognitive appraisals, emotional reactions, and their associations with three forms of peer-victimization

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Neuroticism, intelligence, and intra-individual variability in elementary cognitive tasks : Testing the mental noise hypothesis. 'Neuroticismo, inteligencia y variabilidad intra-individual en tareas cognitivas elementales : contraste de la hip??tesis del ruido neuronal'

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

A productivity map of cognitive pretest methods for improving survey questions

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Assessment of the global intelligence and selective cognitive capacities in preterm 8-year-old children

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Embodied Autonomy in Digital Ecosystems: From Bio-Inspired Agents to Cognitive Systems

This paper proposes to promote autonomy in digital ecosystems so that it provides agents with information to improve the behavior of the digital ecosystem in terms of stability. This work proposes that, in digital ecosystems, autonomous agents can provide fundamental services and information. The final goal is to run the ecosystem, generate novel conditions and let agents exploit them. A set of evaluation measures must be defined as well. We want to provide an outline of some global indicators, such as heterogeneity and diversity, and establish relationships between agent behavior and these global indicators to fully understand interactions between agents, and to understand the dependence and autonomy relations that emerge between the interacting agents. Individual variations, interaction dependencies, and environmental factors are determinants of autonomy that would be considered. The paper concludes with a discussion of situations when autonomy is a milestone

Cognitive coherence in the evluation of a novel single item

Article published in Judgement and Decision-Making

WAIS Seminar:Evaluating the Cognitive Side of Information Interaction

Abstract In this talk, I'll focus on the work we've been doing on evaluating the cognitive side of dealing with information resources and increasingly complex user interfaces. While we can build increasingly powerful user interfaces, they often come at the cost of simple design and ease of use. I'll describe two specific studies: 1) work on the ORCHID project focused on measuring mental workload during tasks using fNIRS (a blood-oxygen-based brain scanner), and 2) a evaluation metric for measuring how much people learn during tasks. Together these provide advances towards understanding the cognitive side of information interaction, in working towards building better tools for users.