Regionalismos léxicos y paremiológicos en la narrativa de Jorge Amado: aspectos sociolingüístico y antropológico

The work of Jorge Amado collects and processes relevant aspects of Brazilian miscegenation and allows discussion on various issues relating to the cultural productions of the country. If on the one hand the racial mixture can be seen as the result of an harmonious process, as is traditional Brazilian thought that comes from XVIII century, on the other hand it portrays the customs of Bahian society at different times, mixing the humorous tone to the optimistic view of the world. As for the miscegenation, reality of the Bahian people, as of all Brazil, can also be analyzed in their heterogeneity, for whom observes that, in the end, the crossing of economic, social and cultural boundaries have been, in many cases, quite problematic. The aim of this work is to make a journey into reality, past and present in Brazil, to understand the lexical regionalisms present in each work; it is important to understand the history of slavery, indigenous groups and the relation that the white man had with this world. All that enormous database of spoken language (a true linguistic laboratory) served and is serving to describe the Portuguese in Brazil in its regional, ethnic and social varieties. (Bagno, 2011: 104-105) I analyze here two works by Jorge Amado, Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon: Chronicle of an Inner City and Tieta of Agreste, which constitute the corpus of this work, which will consist in detecting an extensive glossary and the collection thereof as well as paremiological regionalisms; phrases or expressions corresponding to a region and time of Brazil...

Spirituality in the Undergraduate Curricula of Nursing Schools in Portugal and São Paulo-Brazil

Spirituality is considered a dimension of nursing care, which is often recognized as being neglected, mainly due to a lack of education. Several studies have addressed nursing students’ perceptions and skills for providing spiritual care, but there is little evidence on how spirituality is addressed in undergraduate nursing curricula. This study comprised Portuguese and Brazilian nursing schools (from São Paulo) and describes how spirituality is addressed in undergraduate nursing curricula. It is descriptive and the survey research was performed in 2014–2015. The questionnaire was composed of closed and open-ended questions and was sent by e-mail. A total of 129 answers were obtained, mostly from Portugal. Results indicated that several curricular units include spirituality, although having different contents. The learning outcomes are consistent with improving nursing students’ integral education, developing the clinical reasoning regarding spirituality, and improving the assessment of the patient across the life span. Nevertheless, it seems that spirituality is poorly addressed in clinical practice. Few nursing schools have courses or curricular units specifically dealing with spirituality, but they do provide some form of teaching on the subject. No standard curriculum exists, but teachers believe that it is a very important subject that should be included in the courses taught.

Subjective Aspects of People with Chronic Ulcers: a Qualitative Study in Brazil and Portugal

Introduction: The experience built in the process of living with chronic ulcer is marked by changes such as the inability to work, to relate socially and causes the need to adapt to a routine care. Understanding this network of meanings is important to develop techniques of individual or collective care. Objective: To understand impregnated subjectivities in the everyday experiences of Brazilian and Portuguese patients with chronic ulcers, in the light of the Oral History of life. Method: Comparative study with a qualitative approach, using Oral History as method and technique. The network of collaborators, formed by males and females, aged 39-82 years, was structured into two groups, one consisting of 06 people in Natal/RN, Brazil and another composed of 10 people in Évora/Portugal. In both groups, the narratives were collected through open questions, which were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by the technique of thematic content analysis. Results: Through the analysis, three themes were revealed: Social repercussion in Brazil and in Portugal; Trajectory of theinjured person; and Coping mechanisms. Conclusion: Changes were observed in social life, leading contributors to isolation, in addition to confronting the stigma experienced. There were also identified points as the reinterpretation of chronic wound carrier about their disease and coping strategies of their chroniccondition.

Adaptation and validation of HIV Antibody Testing Attitude Scale in Portuguese

Introduction; The awareness of HIV positiveness is important for health of the individual and of the comunity. The identicatio of HIV antibodies is possible both using conventional lab tests and quick result tests. In the bibliography it was made clear that there are no instruments in Portuguese to assert the reactions to the HIV quick tests and it was therefore considered it would be useful to adapt and validate a scale in Portuguese, since the language is the official language of 7 different countries and spoken by more than 250 milion people, Objectives: the purpose is to validate a version in European Portuguese of the HIV Antibody Testing Attitude Scale. Methods: the study refers to methodological research for the adaptation and validation of an instrument of attitude measurement. A translation and back-translation was prepared and a trial test was then carried out. A total of 317 students, lectures and co-workers of a Portuguese University was interviewes. Ethical principles were taken into consideration. the pool was obtained in the seven components of the University campus. Results: 3 trials of factorial testing of the main components of 5, 4 and 3 factors. It ended up a solution of 3 factors that explains 50.82% of the variability. In the analysis of the inter-items correlation values of between 0.018 and 0.749 were observed. The internal consistency reveals an alpha Cronbach coefficient of 0.860 as a whole, and in between 0,865 and 0.659 in the 3 factors. Conclusions: this version of the instrument shows that the psychometric properties allow its use in the Portuguese speaking countries.

A LITTLE HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC IN BRAZIL: INTERVIEW WITH JOSÉ BORGES NETO

We are pleased to present this edition of the journal Language & Letters, interview courtesy Professor José Borges Neto, researcher recognized for the excellent work that develops in Linguistics with an emphasis in Philosophy of Language. Professor holds a degree in Literature from the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (1972), MA in Linguistics from the State University of Campinas (1979) and PhD in Linguistics from the State University of Campinas (1991). Professor of the Federal University of Paraná between 1999 and 2010. Retired in 2010, continues to serve as Senior Lecturer in the Graduate Program in Linguistics UFPR and a senior professor at Unioeste in the period 2012-2016. Has experience in the area of ​​linguistics, with an emphasis on semantics, acting on the following topics: Epistemology of Linguistics, Linguistics Historiography, Formal Semantics and Categorial Grammars.

Letter of discovery of Brazil: bodies, sexuality and power

This essay, starting from the description of the indigenous in the letter of discovery of Brazil of Pero Vaz de Caminha (1500), tries to define the clear tensions in the relationship between the first seafarers went to Brazil and the local population.It will be defined the relationship with the otherness, starting from the bodies, in their double function: they are at the same time filter (the eye of the colonizer) and filtered (the bodies of the colonized). It will be analyzed the way the sensorial perception can contribute to the construction of the representation of the world.  The description of the bodies and the perception of them, that the Portuguese writer will give though his own senses, will be the basis to observe the relation of the power and the tensions between colonizers and colonized, tensions that will persist in the future Brazilian society. Finally starting from the production of desire that this bodies excite and from the relationship between genders, will be speculated the function of sexuality in the society and the way the the power tries control it for its strengthness and establishment. The perception of the body will be also the reason to analyze the representation that the Portuguese writer will give of the otherness as being or as existing being.  

A DISCURSIVE STUDY ON STATEMENTS THAT ROCKED THE BRAZIL IN 2013 YEAR

This paper aims to take a discursive study upon two widely repeated statements in the streets of Brazilian cities in June, 2013, when the rise of urban transportation costs caused popular demonstrations to begin. However, this rise of rates seems to have served as a mere trigger to mobilize citizens to add up other agendas to the demonstrations, such as the right to health, education, good public safety, as well as the corruption installed in the country. Thus, we sought to verify the effects of erupted in the statements “Come to the streets” and “The Giant has woken up”, used to summon the citizens subject to the fight and to leave the state of moral inertia to them history. From our point of view, these statements are a discursive event, because slip of a discursive domain to another and produce effects of citizenship and that another country was possible. In addition, they attest to the ideology material character in the language and operation of discursive memory, which enables not only the memory and repetition, but also the refutation and oblivion. By this bias, we take the city not as territorial extension, but as a large text that is given to read, that is, as a symbolic space in which history and the language are linked producing senses determined by application of the subject in memory networks and that claim by interpreting gestures.

THE POLICY LANGUAGE OF THE PROJECT INTERCULTURAL BILINGUAL SCHOOLS OF BORDER OF THE MERCOSUR: SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR THE BORDER AREAS

The present work belongs to the Sociolinguistics area, specifically to the Linguistic Politics research line, and it aims to infer from the analyses of official documents the MERCOSUL linguistic politics to its region and to its frontiers answering the question “which linguistic politics motivates the implementation of the Frontier’s Intercultural Bilingual Schools Project?” It is unveiled, then, different linguistic politics that request different teaching strategies, involving or a foreign language teaching (in the large scope of Mercosul) or a second language teaching (in the restricted scope of MERCOSUL’s frontiers). By analyzing the Brazil-Argentina Bilateral Meeting Reports of the Frontier’s Intercultural Bilingual Schools Project (PEIBF) and the sociolinguistic diagnostics done by the teams of the two countries in theirs respective cities, it is shown how the lack of a larger systematization of the differences between the Mercosul linguistic politics can be characterized as a hindrance to the development of PEIBF, once some of the proposals made by the argentine team responsible for the PEIBF seems to go at the meeting of the foreign language teaching and not at the meeting of the second language teaching.

GLOSSARY HISTORY OF BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE

The project for the History of Brazilian Portuguese (PHPB), in celebration of its fifteen years of activity, intends to publish in 2012 a series of books with the previous studies on the Portuguese of Brazil. Among the projected volumes, the fourth one will be dedicated to the history of Brazilian Portuguese lexicon, made ​​from data corpora collected and organized by the different regional teams of the Project. In this article, we present a brief review on similar lexicographical works, published in Brazil, on some ongoing projects of this nature; we also treat the objectives, the adopted methodology and the first steps towards achieving such a bold undertaking.

THE DICTIONARISTIC TRADITION IN ITALY AND THE TREATMENT OF LOANS FROM THE PORTUGUESE

The present essays shows that the Italian dictionaristic tradition started with the publishing of the first monolingual dictionary, edited by the Accademia della Crusca, in 1612, whose participants used to defend the purity of the Florentine language. The selection of vocabulary for this first dictionary has reflected the thought of an intellectual elite. In fact, this first edition does not display a single word from Portuguese, despite the frequent commercial and cultural contact that existed between the Portuguese people and several Italian states and republics.

TEXT GENDERS AND DIDATIC TOOLS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING PORTUGUESE

The aim of this article is to propose thoughts on the process of teacher formation, theoretically based on the principles of discourse as social interaction that defend the idea that the development of people happens in social activities, in an environment constituted and organized by different pre-constructions and by means of mediation processes, mostly language-related ones. Thus, since birth, people can get these so-called social pre-constructions, what permit their development and, dialectically, enables them to contribute for their own permanent transformation. With this in mind, we assume that the role of the linguist in activities related to teacher formation goes far beyond the supply of subjects adequate for teaching, for this work approaches all the levels of educational activity, with a critical, collaborative and methodologically and theoretically developed attitude.

Initial training of Portuguese teachers for Speakers of Other Languages at UTFPR-CT: integrating theory and classroom practice

The purpose of this article is to analyze the initial training of foreign language teachers within an extension project, whose goal is to promote teaching Portuguese for Speakers of Other Languages ​​(PFOL) in the Federal  University of Technology- Paraná ( UTFPR), Curitiba Campus. Thus, a brief history about the activities developed in the program  will be presented as well as its relevance within the university. Also, an analysis of the program and its current status within the Language and Literature undergraduate course - UTFPR will be discussed. Finally, concepts of reflective teaching  (Perrenoud, 2002) and  teaching based on the indissociation between practice and theory (GIMENEZ, 2005) will be brought up.

AMBIVALENCE OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HYBRID LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT OF BOUNDARY

Faced with the perceived paradox between the scenario as sociolinguistically complex boundary and the pedagogical and educational policies that prioritize linguistic and cultural homogeneity, the objective of this article is to focus on the ambivalence of the concepts of language, culture, bilingualism and identity as concepts that guide different views toward writing hybrid "brasiguaio" students. The student, often taking as their mother tongue the Portuguese – as part of their family also uses the language of inheritance, for example, German and/or Italian - whose schooling in Paraguay focused on Spanish and Guarani languages, presents a hybrid language often stigmatized at Brazilian school, which usually leads low-esteem and school failure. The concepts presented open space to deviate attention from the idealized conception of the subject bilingual and consider that due to the characteristic muldimensional of bilingualism, the subject presents bilingual discourse practices in a constant process of mutation, and therefore also their cultural identities, which can facilitate identification with school success and distance to consider from prejudice.

LINGUISTIC VARIATION IN THE PORTUGUESE IMMIGRANT PRESS

In this study, we discuss the complex social and linguistic experience of Portuguese immigrant, at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The empirical patterns of clitic placement were described and analyzed in texts taken from Portuguese immigrant press. Under this approach, the social conditions of language production and reproduction are taken into account; in other words, we focus on the structure of the subjective and objective relations that underlie the speakers’ choices.

The manualization of linguistic knowledge and the constitution of a non-sexist language

Mobilizing the notions of grammatization (AUROUX, 1992) and manualization (PUECH, 1998), we analyze two manuals in this work: Manual para o uso não sexista da linguagem: o que bem se diz bem se entende (2014, Brazil) and Nombra: la representación del femenino y el masculino en el lenguaje (1995, Spain). Both handbooks propose the use of inclusive language in which the female genre is placed in evidence in linguistic usage. Considering them as a technological tool as well as a sociocultural product of popularization of knowledge on the language, we intend to analyze how the proposal of such manuals which uphold non-sexist language, inclusive of gender, supported by laws, edicts – operates as a language policy, which seeks to control the use of language, feminizes the language and meets feminist demands that clamor for a legitimate position to women, whether in society or in its uses of the language when enunciating itself. KEYWORDS: Manuals - Non-sexist language - Woman