Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha cDNA cloning and its mRNA and protein tissue specific expression in domestic yak (Bos grunniens) from Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Adaptation to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of an oxygen-regulated a-subunit and a constitutively expressed beta-subunit. How animals living on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau adapt to the extreme hypoxia environment is known indistinctly. In this study, the Qinghai yak which has been living at 3000-5000 m attitude for at least two millions of years was selected as the model of high hypoxia-tolerant adaptation species. The HIF-1 alpha ORFs (open reading frames) encoding for two isoforms of HIF-1 alpha have been cloned from the brain of the domestic yak. Its expression of HIF-1 alpha was analyzed at both mRNA and protein levels in various tissues. Both its HIF-1 alpha mRNA and protein are tissue specific expression. Its HIF-1 alpha protein's high expression in the brain, lung, and kidney showed us that HIF-1 alpha protein may play an important role in the adaptation to hypoxia environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

稳像平台控制系统研究

光电稳像平台是机载光电吊舱、舰载光电跟踪仪、弹载成像导引头等武器系统的关键部件之一，它是一个集光、机、电于一体的复杂系统。光电稳像平台的控制问题是制约武器系统总体水平的一项关键技术。目前，国内光电稳像平台的研究水平距先进国家的产品水平差距较大，还有很大的发展空间。本文以理论与实验为基础，对稳像平台中的伺服控制技术进行了探索和研究。 针对国内外稳像平台的研究现状，提出了控制系统的总体方案设计。分析了影响控制系统精度的各方面因素，并提出了相应的改进措施；对于伺服系统，为提高系统的跟踪精度，必须提高伺服系统的无差度。因此，本设计采用基于PID的复合控制提高系统的跟踪精度，并运用MATLAB进行了仿真分析；根据系统的实际工作情况，通过分析指出如何克服摩擦力矩的影响是本系统中提高稳定精度要重点解决的问题。针对这一问题，提出了采用速度环和稳定环的双环控制方法，实现了较高的稳定精度。 本文对稳像平台控制系统还进行了软硬件设计。硬件设计部分重点对以DSP为核心的控制电路、以CPLD为核心的时序控制电路、电机驱动电路等硬件电路的设计进行了详细的论述；软件设计部分重点介绍了系统主程序、各功能模块中断服务子程序、控制程序及时序控制程序的设计与实现。 实验结果证明：本文所进行的理论分析是正确的，所设计的控制系统是合理、有效的，并且系统具有较好的控制精度和跟踪精度。 关键词： 稳像平台；控制系统；PID控制；速度环；位置环

黄土-红粘土化学风化与晚新生代气候变化——甘肃平凉白水剖面为例

Late Cenozoic has witnessed a series of climate-environmental change which ends with a transitional shift from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. In last two decades, scientists began to employ the tectonic uplift and its weathering effect to interpret the climatic changes during the late Cenozoic. However, this endeavor has partly been restricted by the lacking of regional and global chemical weathering data. The loess-red clay deposit in the Loess Plateau may record the weathering features of the detritus material from the wide range upwind of the Loess Plateau. Therefore geochemistry of the loess-plaeosol and red clay sequences may provide insights into the regional chemical weathering regime and the connection between the chemical weathering and the late Cenozoic climate-environmental change Here we selected 319 samples from the Baishui section near the Pingliang City, Gansu Province, and analyzed them with X-ray fluorescence. Based on the result, we reconstruct the chemical weathering history of the Baishui section since 6Ma. We chose CIA as the proxy for chemical weathering intensity. The CIA ratio in soil units is higher than in adjacent loess horizons, but lower than in the red clay, in good agreement with the field observation. The CIA ratios of the Baishui section correlates well with the global ice volume fluctuations, indicating that the global cooling may contribute a lot to the chemical weathering variations in Chinese Loess Plateau. There are at least 3 million-year time scale variations that can be identified in the chemical weathering intensity curve, i.e., between 3.3 to 2.1 Ma, 1.7 to 0.9 Ma and from 0.9Ma. We think these may reflect the combined effect of the tectonic uplift and ice sheets on monsoon intensity. Other time scale variations can be also observed. In the period between 2.4 and 0.8 Ma, the CIA record display the 400,000 years cycle, which may be resulted from the Tibetan uplift during the Pliocene-early Pleistocene which have significantly amplified the monsoon response sensitivity to the orbital-scale variations in insolation. From 1.2 Ma, the 100,000 years period became intensifying, and particularly after 0.8 Ma, the earlier monsoon response at 400,000 year periodicity was overwhelmed by the ice sheet forcing at 100,000 year periodicity. These may indicate that the expansions of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets may have crossed a threshold, which enforce the monsoon responding at the 100,000 year periodicity.

凯氏蒸馏法和元素分析仪法测定沉积物中全氮含量的异同及其意义

氮循环是生物地球化学研究领域中最重要的课题之一，全氮含量的测定是农业、生物和环境等多领域研究中的常规测试项目。凯氏蒸馏法和元素分析仪法作为常规方法通用于上述领域的全氮含量测定，但两种方法在实际应用中的差异却常被忽视。通过对中国北方某盐湖沉积物序列近百个样品的全氮含量分析，对两种方法测定结果的异同进行了对比研究。凯氏蒸馏法的分析精密度高于元素分析仪法(前者标准偏差为0.007,后者为0.024)，但在样品硝态和亚硝态氮的含量较高时，凯氏蒸馏法所测结果显著低于元素分析仪法的测定结果，此时选择元素分析仪法进行全氮含量的测定更为可靠和准确；对硝态和亚硝态氮含量极低的样品，两种方法的测定结果无显著差异。研究表明，选择全氮含量的测定方法，必须对所测样品的无机氮含量有初步的了解。对于中国北方的多数盐湖和地表环境样品，由于其无机氮的含量较高，选择凯氏蒸馏法进行全氮含量的测定是不适当的。尽管如此，对所研究的湖泊沉积物剖面而言，两种方法的对比却可以提供有价值的气候和环境演变信息。随着沉积物剖面的由深到浅，两种方法的测定结果由一致变化到存在显著差异，表明了湖泊水体从早期的淡水向今天的盐湖演化的过程。因此，凯氏蒸馏法和元素分析仪法测定结果的差异可以作为一种独立的地球化学气候代用指标。

固相萃取-色谱测定水、沉积物及土壤中氯霉素和3种四环素类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱（UV）检测水、沉积物和土壤中的氯霉素、土霉素、四环素和金霉素4种抗生素的方法。水样、土壤和沉积物样品的前处理采用EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲溶液提取,用SAX-HLB串联小柱纯化和富集,用丙酮（含10%甲醇）洗脱进一步减小天然有机质的影响。采用乙腈和0.01mol/L草酸溶液作为流动相,8min内分离4种抗生素。测定了贵阳市阿哈湖、南明河和乌江渡水库的水样及沉积物,均有抗生素检出。

金矿测年方法讨论及定年中存在的问题

准确的成岩成矿年代测定是矿床研究和对比的基础。然而近几年来，不同的研究者对同一矿床采用不同的定年方法得出了相差十分悬殊的成岩成矿年龄的报道屡见不鲜。为此，笔者在分析了不同定年方法适用性的同时，强调了在金矿定年中要加强对金矿成岩成矿地质背景的研究，重视不同地质体与成矿的先后关系，确定标志性地质体，选择合适的定年方法，测定标志性地质体和矿体的成岩成矿年代，使成岩成矿年代互为限定，得到高质量的年代学数据。

浅论扬子西南缘卡林型金矿成矿物质来源及有机质在成矿过程中的作用

在前人研究的基础上，对扬子西缘卡林型金矿采用稳定同位素和生物化学试验方法，分析赋金地层中有机质的种类、性质和有机质与金矿的关系，讨论有机质在金元素富集、迁移、成矿过程中的作用。认为赋金地层与后期岩浆热液发生广泛的交换作用，萃取出成矿物质形成成矿流体，这种富含成矿物质的热液流体在一定的条件下富集成矿。

恩施双河渔塘坝硒矿床成因探讨

鄂西南下二叠茅口组顶部含碳硅质岩段(P1m^3)硒含量高，且分布广泛，局部如双河渔塘坝出现硒的高度富集，形成了独立硒矿床。该矿床平均硒品位0．13％，储量约50t。

三类高强度悬式瓷绝缘子的成分特征和产品性能的关系

采用原子吸收光谱(AAS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、偏光显微镜(OH)和分析型透射电镜(TEM)等技术手段，对贵州产70kN和日本进口120kN、210kN三类瓷绝缘子的化学组成，矿物成分特征和产品性能的关系进行了研究。结果表明，三类产品的主化学成分为siO2、Al2O3。矿物相有刚玉、英来石、石英和长石。产品除含有偏光显微镜可分辨的晶体外，在电镜下还见有微米级以下的显微矿物。不同等级的产品，不但结晶相含量不同，晶体大小、分布状态各有特征。指出贵州产70kN产品应控制K20含量，并用部分工业氧化铝替代铝矾土，通过调整工艺提高结晶相的含量。

Structure and base properties of calcined hydrotalcites

Five hydrotalcites with Mg/Al molar ratio range of 3-15 were prepared. The structure and basicity of Mg-Al mixed oxides (Mg(Al)O) transformed from hydrotalcites were investigated by TPD, XPS, XRD, FT-IR and NMR techniques. The results of elemental analysis and XPS indicate that Al is enriched in the surface regions of Mg(Al)O, and its amount increases with the Mg/Al molar ratio and, the calcination temperature. Al-27-MAS-NMR results show that Al exists in two chemical environments: tetrahedral aluminium (Al(t)) and octahedral aluminium (Al(o)) in Mg(AI)O. The amount of Al(t) increases with the Mg/Al molar ratio and the calcination temperature. It is assumed that Al(t) may be mainly from the surface Al. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2 shows that the number of basic sites of Mg(Al)O samples increases with the Mg/Al molar ratio, and the maximum number of basic sites is obtained for hydrotalcite calcined at 773 K. Infrared spectra of adsorbed CO2 and B(OCH3)(3) reveal that there are two kinds of basic sites: weak basic OH- sites and strong basic O2- sites on the Mg(AI)O samples, the base strength depends on the Mg/Al molar ratio and calcination temperature.

学习困难儿童智力结构及其与心理语言、视动能力关系的研究

IQ Structure, Psycholinguistic and Visual-motor Abilities Study on Children Learning Disability TONG Fang Directed by professor Zhu Liqi (Developmental and educational psychology) ABSTRACT Objective To comprehensive analyze the IQ structures, and relationships among IQ, psychometric characteristics and visual-motor integration on children disability. At same time, to probe into the family factors that influenced IQ, psycholinguistic abilities and behavior of LD children. Method (1) Downloading the papers on children learning disability from www.cqvip.com and www.wanfangdata.com, in which, the articles were collected by key words from 1985 to 2005. To conduct meta-analysis on IQ construction, compare the case group and the control group, including full IQ, verbal and practice IQ. (2) Designed with model compared and self-compared, 59 diagnosed learning disability children, tested themes with WISC, ITPA and Berry’s VMI. WISC included 10 items, 5 of which subtotal to verbal and practice IQ respectively. IPTA included 10 items, too, 5 process of which subtotal to auditory and visual perception. The first 3 items shared representation level, the other 2 of that shared automatic level.VMI had one score. Analyzed factors and levels with description and Pearson Correlation. To probe to linguistic internal alternately functions of LD children, and compare the scores of groups in different IQ. (3) Analyzed the perspective questionnaire filled by parents. Early development facts compared with model groups. Factors relationships analyzed with Kendall correlation, KOM and Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Promax Rotation. Results: (1) There have been 319 papers related with LD, in which 36 with IQ and 14 valid reports have been analyzed by Meta. FIQ’s 95%CI (confidence interval) is 2.418 ~ 0.172, VIQ between the difficulty and non- difficulty group. C-WISC-R reports were 10 papers, of which, 95%CI of FIQ is 2.424 ~ 0.676, of VIQ is 2.314 ~ 1.196, of PIQ is 2.176 ~ 0.176. The VIQ comparing the PIQ, 95%CI is 1.1 ~ -0.07 in difficulty group and 0.5 ~ -0.0046 in non-difficult group. Nevertheless, in the other 4 tests, FIQ’s 95%CI is 2.00 ~ -0.818 between LD and NLD. (2) Children psycholinguistic abilities had strong relation with Berry’s VMI test excluding auditory reception, and with perceptive factor of intelligence excluding verbal expression. Auditory reception and visual closure had strong relation with FIQ and PIQ. Grammatic closure, visual association and manual expression had strong relation with concept factor. The representational and automatic levels are depended on integration of auditory and visual procession. Lower verbal expression (VE) let to lower expression process and low scores on representational level. Lower visual sequential memory (VSM) let to lower memory process and influenced automatic level. Groups compared by IQ 90 show that LD children with under IQ 90 had lower scores on items of IPTA than with up IQ 90 excluded verbal expression. It was proved that IQ administrated the linguistic ability. Nevertheless, general abilities deficiency didn’t show influencing on the types of the perceptive delay. There was mutual function among linguistic ability on LD children. Auditory and visual level are overlapped each other. Not only show higher Decoding and lower Encoding on Auditory perception, lower Decoding and higher Encoding on Visual perception, in representation, but also higher Sequential remember, lower Closure on Audition, and lower Sequential member, higher Closure on Vision, in Automation. Nevertheless, there was no different between Representational and Automatic level, which may be the relationship of parallel or evolution. (3) Major family factors were father’s education, occupation. Lower auditory perception related to unconcerned, lower visual perception related to premature delivery and written slowly. Threatened–abortion, childbirth-suffocated were known as influencing children’s IQ and later linguistic abilities. It wasn’t shown that dosage relationship with the types of perceptive delay. Conclusion: (1) The FIQ, VIQ and PIQ of Children with LD is lower than that of NLD group. There is no significantly different between VIQ and PIQ in LD and NLD groups. (2) The objectives of ITPA and WISC tests are differently. The psycholinguistic abilities had strong relation with perceptive factor and VMI. Some facts of IPTA related with FIQ. IQ had strong administration on linguistic abilities. There was mutual function among linguistic internal abilities. (3) Family facts on IQ and psycholinguistic abilities were Father’s education, abnormal pregnant and abortion. It would be pre-show development delay in early period.

企业组织领导参与决策行为研究

In the processes of Chinese economic and political reforms, making decision democratically and scientifically is one of the most important problems for the managers. Through the investigations of 319 managers from 13 companies in 3 cities of China, the participation or the behavior of influence and power sharing in managerial decision-making was systematically analyzed. The research was concerned with three aspects: (1) the descriptive study of managerial decision-making; (2) the relationship between managerial decision-making and a set of specified contingent situational factors; (3) the relationship between managerial decision-making and various outcome variables, such as job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The principal results of the research showed. 1. The managers used different methods of decision-making in different situations. The wildly used method by the managers was "prior consultation with subordinate". 2. Compared with the developed countries, Chinese managers tended to use more centralized methods of decision-making. In the comparisons among the different districts of China, the managers in the districts of the higher level economic and cultural development tended to use more participative methods in the processes of decision-making. 3. The behavior of managerial decision-making was influenced by the various contingent factors, such as the uncertainties of the environments, the job constraints, and the variables related to persons, etc. 4. The behavior of the managerial decision-making correlated significantly with the job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The more influence and power managers owned in the processes of decision-making, the more positive they evaluated their job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness.