Teachers' and teacher educators' lives: the role of emotion

This paper reports research which focuses on ways of enhancing understandings by teachers of the key role that emotions play in their personal professional growth. It combines the narrative, autobiographical accounts of teachers attending part-time masters degree programmes in England (Continuing Professional Development and School Improvement) and Northern Ireland (Personal and Social Development) with an interrogation of the underlying values which affect the practices of their tutors. It reveals the effects of powerful and often unacknowledged interaction between personal biography and professional and social contexts upon teachers in schools and higher education.

Students perceptions about attention to diversity in Secondary Education Teachers Initial Training

This work aims to analyze the perceptions of students enrolled in the Master's Degree in Secondary Education Teaching, Training and Language Teaching at the University of Jaen, about the initial training received on attention to diversity. A descriptive methodology has been followed using an ad hoc questionnaire as data collection instrument. The results show favorable attitudes of future secondary teachers for diversity, having received an adequate training in curricular and organizational aspects, making it able to fully achieve inclusion of students with special educational needs in the classroom.

How teachers of Geography and History of Secondary Education assess?

The purpose of this article is to analyse the assessment procedures and instruments used by teachers of Geography and History of Compulsory Secondary School (ESO) in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The data have been extracted implementing a survey technique proceeded by a descriptive analysis. The results show that teachers generally have a traditional conception of assessment, reflected in the fact that they think that assessment should not change when teaching strategies are changed or when they innovate. On the other hand, although they consider that is necessary to employ a variety of instruments to assess well and to prevent school failure, they still use exams as the most objective and essential instrument in the assessment, while they don’t apply continuous assessment, only tests in a continuous way. The implementation of similar research in other areas or in other subjects shows the existence of contrasts in teacher assessment practices.

The in-service teacher trainer: profile, career path and duties

This article is the result of a doctoral thesis that aims to understand the reality of teacher trainers at a given moment, when their professional role changes from being a managing training advisor to a role that is more centred on process counselling. Using in-depth interviews, we defined the personal and professional profile of training counsellors in the Balearic Islands, their career path, the process for their inclusion in Teacher Centres (CEP) and, finally, the duties and skills that they perform as teacher trainers. The data that has been collected shows the coexistence of different professional roles in the group of education advisors. Moreover, it also indicates a lack of definition of the profile needed to access an advisor's position. There are indeed some coincidences determining the access route to such a position when it comes to the teaching profession since their leadership qualities and group dynamics expertise are a common indicator in most cases. The research also shows that they are subjected not only to a wide range of roles and tasks but also to a vast array of competences required to tackle the education advisor's tasks.

Teaching family carers about home based palliative care: Final results from a group education program

Without the considerable support provided by family carers, many patients receiving palliative care would be unable to remain at home. However, family carers typically lack the required information and skills to prepare them for such a role. Pilot work has demonstrated that group education programs for family carers can be readily developed; they are feasible, accessible, and useful. This project sought to build on our pilot research to further examine the effectiveness of a group education program by evaluating the outcomes with a larger number of participants. The program aimed to prepare primary family carers for the role of supporting a relative with advanced, noncurative cancer at home. The psycho-educational program consisted of three consecutive weekly sessions presented in a group format, conducted at six home-based palliative care services across metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia. The following dependent variables were measured at three time points: carer competence, preparedness, rewards, and information needs. The three time points were: commencement of the program (Time 1), upon completion (Time 2), and two weeks later (Time 3). A total of 156 participants (including the pilot phase) completed Time 1 questionnaires and 96 completed all three time periods (62%). Between Time 1 and Time 2, the intervention had a statistically significant positive effect on preparedness, competence, rewards, and having informational needs met. Outcomes were maintained at Time 3. There was no difference in the effectiveness of the intervention for participants in regional areas compared to participants in metropolitan areas.

This study demonstrated that a group education program to prepare family carers for the role of supporting a dying relative at home was effective. Implications for further research and practice are outlined.

Special Needs Education, eLearning and the Reflective ePortfolio: Implications for Developing and Assessing Competence in Pre-Service Education.

This paper reports on the use of an eportfolio for assessing aspects of a Post-Graduate pre-service teacher education programme specifically in the context of special needs education in Northern Ireland. Participants were challenged to develop their individual eportfolios by selecting and presenting evidence for assessment drawn from diverse sources. The rationale for using eportfolios for assessment purposes was to offer students the opportunity to demonstrate competencies by documenting and reflecting upon academic and pedagogical learning during a one year Post Graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) programme.

Special Education Today in the United Kingdom

This chapter attempts to provide a critical analysis of special needs education within the United Kingdom today. Central to such an analysis is an understanding of the rapidly changing social and political milieu within which special needs education is embedded, including the rapidly changing demographics of schooling, and the devolution of political power into four separate but linked countries - England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Following a discussion of such wider social, political and educational issues, the authors thoroughly explore the convergences and divergences in policy and practice across the four devolved administrations. They describe a plethora of contemporary texts within each of the four administrations that speak to the need for special needs education to change in response to 21st century concerns about the problems of access to, and equity in education for all children. Despite this, they explain why they remain circumspect about the potential of such developments to lead to successful inclusive practices and developments on the ground. Their analysis in the last section centres on the issue of teacher education for inclusion and some very innovative UK research and development projects that have been reported to successfully engage teachers with new paradigm thinking and practice in the field of inclusive special needs education.

Formação contínua de professores de ciências e de filosofia : contributos de um estudo sobre educação para a sustentabilidade

Este estudo pretende ser uma contribuição para a resposta aos apelos desafiadores de diversos autores e organizações internacionais, em particular das Nações Unidas, ao reconhecerem a importância da educação para a sustentabilidade através da proposta da Década da Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (2005-2014). A formação contínua de professores desenvolvida em comunidades de aprendizagem interdisciplinares, constituídas por professores de Ciências e de Filosofia, foi assumida nesta investigação com um instrumento que pode potenciar o incremento da interdisciplinaridade entre estas áreas do saber e promover o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores. O estudo realizado centra-se em três fases: Fase I – Diagnóstico de concepções de professores de Ciências e de Filosofia acerca da pertinência que atribuem às interacções intergrupais (Ciências/Filosofia) como contributo para a melhoria das suas práticas pedagógicas e das aprendizagens dos alunos no âmbito da educação para a sustentabilidade. Fase II – Concepção e implementação de um programa de formação contínua numa comunidade de aprendizagem interdisciplinar, constituída por professores de Ciências e de Filosofia de uma escola. Fase III – Avaliação das percepções dos professores/formandos sobre os impactes do programa de formação no incremento da interdisciplinaridade, na leccionação da temática Sustentabilidade na Terra, no desenvolvimento profissional dos participantes e nas práticas de formação contínua de professores. A Fase I incide sobre o diagnóstico de concepções de professores de Ciências e de Filosofia, para o qual foi concebido um questionário, aplicado em dezoito escolas do Ex-CAE de Viseu, e ao qual responderam 185 professores. Os indicadores obtidos revelam que os professores de Ciências e de Filosofia reconhecem a relevância das suas próprias áreas disciplinares para a formação dos alunos. No entanto, a interdisciplinaridade entre as Ciências e a Filosofia é escassa, apesar dos professores considerarem que pode ser útil na planificação das actividades lectivas. Consideram, também, que pode promover a implementação de estratégias de ensino mais diversificadas e contribuir para o incremento de uma cultura de colaboração nas escolas. Os professores de Ciências e de Filosofia reconhecem que a abordagem da temática Sustentabilidade na Terra necessita de conceitos para além dos que são abordados individualmente nas disciplinas leccionadas e pode ser facilitada se forem implementados materiais didácticos construídos com colegas do seu e de outros grupos disciplinares. A Fase II parte das concepções diagnosticadas, dos indicadores da investigação em Didáctica, das actuais perspectivas de ensino e de aprendizagem preconizadas para os Ensinos Básico e Secundário e de um modelo de formação reflexiva, crítica e ecológica (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Alarcão, 1996; Sá-Chaves, 1997; Schön, 2000) e elabora-se um programa de formação contínua de professores de cariz interdisciplinar (Ciências e Filosofia). Este programa de formação foi implementado a vinte e quatro professores de Ciências e de Filosofia de uma Escola Secundária da região Centro-Norte de Portugal, durante o ano lectivo de 2008/2009 e teve a duração de cinquenta horas presenciais e cinquenta horas não presenciais. Nele aprofundam-se conhecimentos no âmbito da educação em Ciência e em Filosofia, promovendo a ligação entre ambas e facilitando, deste modo, a sua transposição didáctica. Promove-se a articulação entre a investigação e as práticas pedagógicas e proporciona-se a análise e o aprofundamento de temáticas transversais às Ciências e à Filosofia. Procura-se, deste modo, potenciar a especificidade das áreas do saber envolvidas e promover o enriquecimento de perspectivas nos participantes. Das dinâmicas estabelecidas emergem percursos formativos que permitem a construção de materiais didácticos, estruturados numa perspectiva construtivista de cariz interdisciplinar, para a temática Sustentabilidade da Terra, leccionada nas disciplinas de Ciências (Ensino Básico e Secundário) e de Filosofia (Ensino Secundário). Estes materiais didácticos são, posteriormente, implementados pelos professores de Ciências e Filosofia no contexto de sala de aula. Na Fase III desta investigação avaliam-se as percepções sobre os impactes do programa de formação no incremento da interdisciplinaridade entre os professores de Ciências e de Filosofia, na leccionação da temática Sustentabilidade na Terra, no desenvolvimento profissional dos professores que nele participaram e na melhoria das práticas de formação contínua de professores. Os indicadores obtidos apontam no sentido de que o processo formativo experienciado contribuiu para: - ajudar a derrubar barreiras disciplinares existentes entre os professores de Ciências e de Filosofia; - a construção, numa lógica interdisciplinar, de materiais didácticos diversificados para a temática Sustentabilidade na Terra, que foram reconhecidos pelos alunos como inovadores e importantes para a vivência de aprendizagens activas e contextualizadas; - a modificação de algumas práticas pedagógicas dos professores participantes; - a identificação de potencialidades das comunidades de aprendizagem interdisciplinares na formação contínua de professores. As conclusões obtidas nesta investigação levam a considerar que há necessidade de serem trilhados novos caminhos no campo da formação contínua de professores, procurando criar mecanismos de trabalho e de cooperação que permitam uma efectiva partilha de saberes e de valores entre professores de diferentes áreas disciplinares, que informem novas atitudes, reais e consentâneas com uma prática pedagógica reflexiva e interdisciplinar. Deste modo, considera-se que a adopção de um modelo reflexivo de formação contínua de professores, baseado na constituição de comunidades de aprendizagem interdisciplinares, ajuda os professores a terem uma visão mais integradora dos saberes e a reconhecerem as potencialidades da interdisciplinaridade entre as Ciências e a Filosofia na melhoria das práticas pedagógicas. Pode, também, constituir-se como resposta aos desafios da educação no século XXI, facilitando o exercício de uma cidadania de responsabilidade e participativa e apontando perspectivas para a resolução de problemas da sociedade actual, entre os quais se incluem os relacionados com a sustentabilidade do planeta Terra.

Reform, Standards and Teacher Identity: Challenges of Sustaining Commitment

Teacher commitment has been found to be a critical predictor of teachers’ work performance, absenteeism, retention, burnout and turnover, as well as having an important influence on students’ motivation, achievement, attitudes towards learning and being at school (Firestone (1996). Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(2), 209–235; Graham (1996). Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 67(1), 45–47; Louis (1998). School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(1), 1–27; Tsui & Cheng (1999). Educational Research and Evaluation, 5(3), 249–268). It is also a necessary ingredient to the successful implementation, adaptation or resistance reform agendas. Surprisingly, however, the relationship between teachers’ motivation, efficacy, job satisfaction and commitment, and between commitment and the quality of their work has not been the subject of extensive research. Some literature presents commitment as a feature of being and behaving as a professional (Helsby, Knight, McCulloch, Saunders, & Warburton (1997). A report to participants on the professional cultures of Teachers Research Project, Lancaster University, January). Others suggest that it fluctuates according to personal, institutional and policy contexts (Louis (1998). School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(1), 1–27) and identify different dimensions of commitment which interact and fluctuate (Tyree (1996). Journal of Educational Research, 89(5), 295–304). Others claim that teachers’ commitment tends to decrease progressively over the course of the teaching career (Fraser, Draper, & Taylor (1998). Evaluation and Research in Education, 12 (2), 61–71; Huberman (1993). The lives of teachers. London: Cassell). In this research, experienced teachers in England and Australia were interviewed about their understandings of commitment. The data suggest that commitment may be better understood as a nested phenomena at the centre of which is a set of core, relatively permanent values based upon personal beliefs, images of self, role and identity which are subject to challenge by change which is socio-politically constructed.

The challenges of integrating the discussion of controversial issues in initial teacher training

In the framework of the Bologna process, and with regard to pre-service teacher education, it is necessary to model student-centred learning experiences in order to promote the required competences for future professional practice and critical participation in society. Despite the potential of discussion in promoting several competences, this methodology does not always integrate the teaching practices. This case study sought to: a) understand the experiences and views of future teachers from a School of Education on the use of discussion in their past education; and b) investigate the impact of an educational experience centred on discussion. Data were collected through narratives, questionnaires, interviews and participant observation. The learning situations experienced through this study contributed to the development of citizens more aware of their role in society and allowed the promotion of skills indispensable for an Elementary Education teacher.

Environmental impact assessment in higher education and training in Portugal

Journal of Cleaner Production, nº 16, p. 639-645

The connection between career education and career maturity /

The value of career education is measured by the extent to which it enhances students' decision making skills regarding career planning. This is referred to as "career maturity". The purpose of this study was to examine what connections could be found between career education and career maturity within one career planning course. A senior level career planning class was studied in depth for one semester and five senior students participated in the study. The five students were interviewed three times during the semester to determine whether, and to what extent, students feel more prepared personally to make decisions as a result of a guided course of instruction. The current trend in education shows an increased emphasis on career education. The government mandates career education, students are in need of career planning courses, and parents want students to learn how to effectively make decisions concerning their future. With this increased emphasis comes the need to evaluate current career education programs which is why this study is significant and useful. The central findings were as follows: first, as a result of taking a career planning course students did increase their career maturity. Second, current career education planning curriculum was similar to the proposed course of study for career planning which comes into effect in September 1999. Current curriculum does help to prepare students to make informed educational and career decisions, a chief aim of the proposed curriculum. Knowing that this outcome is currently achieved will help when the course is being organized to fit the new curriculum.

An after-school literacy program : investigating the experiences of students with literacy difficulties, their volunteer tutors, and the tutors' transition into the teaching profession

This research responds to a pervasive call for our educational institutions to provide students with literacy skills, and teachers with the instructional supports necessary to facilitate this skill acquisition. Questions were posed to gain information concerning the efficacy ofteaching literacy strategies to students with learning difficulties, the impact of this training on their volunteer tutors, and the influence of this experience on these tutors' ensuing instructional practice as teacher candidates in a preservice education program. Study #1 compared a nontreatment group of students with literacy difficulties who participated in the program and found that program participants were superior at reading letter patterns and at comprehending the elements of story grammar. Concurrently, the second study explored the experiences of 19 volunteer tutors and uncovered that they acquired instructional skills as they established a knowledge base in teaching reading and writing, and they affirmed personal goals to become future teachers. Study #3 tracked 6 volunteer tutors into their pre-service year and identified their constructions, and beliefs about literacy instruction. These teacher candidates discussed how they had intended to teach reading and writing strategies based on their position that effective teaching ofthese skills in the primary grades is integral to academic success. The teacher candidates emphasized the need to build rapport with students, and the need to exercise flexibility in lesson plan delivery while including activities to meet emotional and developmental requirements of students. The teacher candidates entered their pre-service education with an initial cognition set based on the limited teaching context of tutoring. This foundational ii perception represented their prior knowledge of literacy instruction, a perception that appeared untenable once they were immersed in a regular instructional setting. This disparity provoked some of the teacher candidates to denounce their teacher mentors for not consistently employing literacy strategies and individualized instruction. This critical perspective could have been a demonstration of cognitive dissonance. In the end, when the teacher candidates began to look toward the future and how they would manage the demands of an inclusive classroom, they recognized the differences in the contexts. With an appreciation for the need for balance between prior and present knowledge, the teacher candidates remained committed to implementing their tutoring strategies in future teaching positions. This document highlights the need for teacher candidates with instructional experience prior to teacher education, to engage in cognitive negotiations to assimilate newly acquired pedagogies into existing pedagogies.