A Região Noroeste Fluminense e o Projeto Rio Rural: Tendências e problemas da agricultura familiar

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de regionalização do noroeste fluminense através das ações verticalidade sob controle do Estado. Verifica-se especificamente, o posicionamento da sociedade civil organizada e as relações de poder envolvidas diante de tais inferencias racionalizadoras do espaço, e de que forma esse posicionamento pode redimencionar o ordenamento espacial que se impõe através das hegemonias de poder. Entre as abordagens ao tema, o trabalho considera, primeiramente, o processo de regionalização do noroeste fluminense por meio de relações socioespaciais pretéritas a fundação da região enquanto unidade administrativa. Para além das atuais fronteiras da região em questão, o trabalho destaca o controle do Estado pelas frentes catequizadoras e colonizadoras, sobre o território dos Puri, Coroado e Coropó. A segunda intermediação do trabalho ao tema diz respeito à ação de atores locais, ligados principalmente a grandes pecuaristas, na luta por autonomia econômica em relação a Campos dos Goytacazes; que em suas relações de poder com o Estado do Rio de Janeiro desencadeiam a instituição político-administrativa do noroeste fluminense. Sucessivamente o trabalho grifa a atribuição de características regionais a área de estudo como: pobreza rural e representatividade da agricultura familiar, relacionadas a ações de intelectuais orgânicos locais para direcionar verbas do Governo Federal ao setor agropecuário. A terceira parte do trabalho incorpora ao tema a descentralização da gestão municipal/regional por parte de políticas de planejamento territorial como o Rio Rural. Visto que ações de verticalidade do Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, através do Projeto Rio Rural, intervém no ordenamento sócio-econômico-espacial da região principalmente através do modo de produção da agricultura familiar, a problemática se estenderia ao posicionamento político dessa categoria, enquanto sociedade civil organizada; para consideração final das tendências estabelecidas pela agricultura familiar ao ordenamento espacial regional

Análisis de la Corporación J.R Lindley S.A. : caso Inca Kola

Inca Kola es una bebida gasificada del Perú y elaborada por la Corporación Lindley, que ha conservado el liderazgo en el mercado peruano desde su creación, a pesar del ingreso de bebidas internacionales y de bebidas que tienen un menor precio. Desde su creación, la corporación se enfocó en vincular la bebida con la identidad peruana; estrategia que ha sido efectiva y se pueden comprobar por el liderazgo que presenta en el mercado. En los noventa, la corporación Lindley tuvo que enfrentar un escenario turbulento debido al ingreso de Coca Cola y Pepsi, sin embargo, estas no desplazaron a Inca Kola a pesar del poder de marketing que cuentan. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar cómo la Corporación Lindley mantiene su bebida "Inca Kola" como una especialidad en el Perú, por medio de la metodología de las tres vías propuesto por Joskow. Los resultados indican que existen leyes que salvaguardan la marca Inca Kola, tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional y que gracias a la alianza entre la corporación Lindley y Coca Cola Company, se puso fin a la competencia, aumentando las barreras de ingreso en el sector de bebidas, y como resultado la corporación pudo enfocar sus esfuerzos en seguir vinculando la bebida con la cultura peruana y modernizar sus diferentes plantas de envasado. Las conclusiones más resaltantes indican que la corporación Lindley se apalancó en el Entorno Institucional informal para captar las preferencia de los peruanos, en otras palabras vinculó una bebida aprovechando las características que tienen los consumidores peruano, los cuales tienen lazos muy fuertes con productos que asocian con la identidad nacional. En la vía de la Moderna Organización Industrial se observa que la bebida sigue liderando las ventas con un precio mayor que los competidores, indicando que la corporación tiene una estrategia de diferenciación. Respecto a la vía de la estructura de gobernaza, la corporación pudo alinear sus transacciones con los proveedores de insumos y distribuidores para garantizar la calidad, precio y a asegurando su activo especifico más importante, la marca "Inca Kola". Estas características son propias de las Especialidades.

Efecto de dos dosificadores de expulsión forzada en la semilla de soja

p.123-126

Modelos de desarrollo, unificación y “desterritorialización”.

El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de ofrecer una visión general sobre los Modelos de Desarrollo y Organización Territorial desde la perspectiva de las relaciones entre el medio urbano, “rururbano” y rural, en España. Para ello, tras conocer y valorar los enfoque conceptuales y temáticos, se estudia el crecimiento urbano en nuestro país en las últimas décadas, analizando de manera pormenorizada la importancia que ha cobrado y cobra la aplicación legislativa de leyes, planes y normas, tanto en el propio crecimiento urbano como en la demanda de viviendas en las ciudades españolas y, de igual modo, la vinculación de ambas con el precio de las viviendas, relacionándolo con la problemática de la “rururbanización”, y del medio rural.

The emotional structure of the advertising message in radio

Radio advertising is suffering from a remarkable crisis of creativity as it has yet not found its role in a radio model based on voice locution and information genres. This article suggests the need for implementing a peripheral or heuristic strategy to attract and hold listeners’ attention. Within this framework, the narration and scene representation are proposed as suitable persuasion techniques. The objective is to design a useful conceptual tool for an efficient creative conception of narration at the service of certain commercial strategy. First, the concept of narrative persuasion is grounded according to the possibilities of the sound code. Second, the keys of scene representation and commercial strategy (brand, product, advantage, benefit and target) within the sound message are presented. And third, these keys are articulated in a model. This model is pre-tested by means of analyzing eight different case-radio ads.

The Afroporteña press and Afro-Argentine’s thought in the late nineteenth century

The journalistic boom that occurred in Argentina from the second half of the nineteenth century saw the emergence of an active afroporteña press that defend the interests of the black community. This paper, in addition to reviewing the history of the Afro-Argentines newspapers, emphasizes the role played by the elite of African descent in the promotion of modernity among his brothers, while exploring the possible bases for an identity in the ideas spread.

Contemporary subject: human rights and democracy

The aim of this paper is to show that only in a society where human rights are honored and democracy is vigorous, the process of subjectivation be possible. It is a critical sociology research. The article is presented in two parts, the first, subject and subjectivity in contemporary times, analyze the obstacles that individuals have for subjective process, and the second, subject and human rights and subject and democracy we argue about the need for human rights and democracy for the process of subjectivation.

La ruptura de una economía moral y las deslegitimación de las deudas hipotecarias

In Spain, during the recent housing bubble, purchasing a home seemed the most advantageous strategy to access housing, and there was a wide social consensus about the unavoidability of mortgage indebtedness. However, such consensus has been challenged by the financial and real-estate crisis. The victims of home repossessions have been affected by the transgression of several principles, such as the fair compensation for effort and sacrifice, the prioritisation of basic needs over financial commitments, the possibility of a second chance for over-indebted people, or the State's responsibility to guarantee its citizens' livelihood. Such principles may be understood as part of a moral economy, and their transgression has resulted in the emergence of a social movement, the Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH), that is questioning the legitimacy of mortgage debts. The article reflects on the extent to which the perception of over-indebtedness and evictions as unfair situations can have an effect on the reproduction of the political-economic system, insofar the latter is perceived as able or unable to repair injustice.

Discourses on Modernization in the Employment Public Services: Towards a New Form of Governance?

The “crisis of the social issue” in the EU has led to a certain consensus in the need to renew the organizational and institutional model of public administration. The core of the reform implies important administrative changes in most of the European welfare states. Those changes are inspired on theories such as the new public management, management by objectives or partnership. Such changes involve both semantic (“sharing responsibilities”, “effective costs”, or the substitution of “citizen under an administration” by “consumer”) and political (predominance of scattered forms of power and the individualization of responsibilities) transformations which operate in the framework of individuals and State relations. The paradigms of activation and flexicurity have been central in this public administration modernization project. This commitment with new forms of governance of social issues has important consequences for the political and moral foundations of social cohesion, and the Spanish case is not an exception. This paper aims at looking at those representations of “modernization” (as they appear in debates about the employment services restructuring policies) in detail as well as providing references to the trajectory of such reforms of public services since the early eighties to the beginning of the crisis.

Welfare Regimes and “progressive” governments in Latin America: The cases of Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia

Several authors have applied the concept of Welfare Regimens for studying social policy in Latin America (Esping-Andersen, 1993 and 2000). Among others, Martínez Franzoni (2007) develops a typology, with fi eld work is at the turn of the millennium, and establishes three categories: State-productivist regime, state-protectionist and family orientated. Most countries in the region are placed in the latter category. The hypothesis of this article argues that with the emergence of governments considered “left” or “progressive” in several countries of the region from the late ‘90s and, more decisively, in 2000’, the map of welfare regimes models could have mutated substantively. The nationally transformative experiences are different (various socio-economic realities and political action in which they are located exists) but they have several contact points that can be summarized in a greater state intervention in different areas previously closed to their operating and recovery of important functions of welfare and care of the population by the government. The paper discusses with an exploratory and descriptive approach the welfare schemes that would shape in three countries that have constitutionalized the change from the neoliberal paradigm: Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador.

Places making: participatory construction of scientifi c culture cities

In the framework of the European project Platform of Local Authorities and Communicators Engaged in Science (PLACES), we analyse the articulations between scientifi c communication, public perception of science, processes of citizen participation and apropiation of space, based on a case study of the inhabitants of Teruel city, Autonomous Community of Aragon, Spain. On the interrelationships between these issues, there are a number of contradictions, such as the difference between a high interest for information about science and technology and a low level of recognition and interaction with local institutions involved in those activities, the complex conceptualization of scientifi c space in relation to the “public-private” pair, or an articulation of a claiming civic rethoric and an insuffi cient co-responsibility. We conclude that, in a local context, the dimension of territoriality and, in particular, the identifi cation with the town, is a central mediation for activating citizen participation as part of processes of appropriation of space for setting up cities of scientifi c culture.

Non-agrocultural co-peratives and economy transformation in Cuba: politic processes and strategies

Contribution of co-operatives has been demonstrated since the 1970s as the main development line in agricultural production in Cuba. In contrast, there has been a late recognition of urban co-operatives, even if the need of transformations based on the realization of property in different territorial scenarios had been identified. The article analyses the reform processes launched since the first decade of the 21st century focusing on the nature of the initiatives fostering formation and promotion of nonagricultural co-operatives including follow up of their performance. The potential and limitations of the recent experiences are examined in order to reflect on the organizational processes and transformations from the point of view of their members. To conclude, some questions are posed about whether these co-operatives are capable of avoiding the impact of earlier employment circumstances and of developing strategies aimed at reinforcing voluntary membership and autonomy on which they are founded.

Dogs in the paradise: The influence of the cynical philosophy in the construction of the myth of the good savage

This paper studies the influence of cynic philosophy in the construction of the myth of the good savage. In the first part it studies the importance of cynicism in the XVI century and how the cynic influence of Erasmus, More and Montaigne was fundamental to the way that Europe approached the American indigenous. In the second part it studies the cynic motives that could have influenced in the construction of the myth of the good savage.

La Ciudad de México en las crónicas de José Joaquín Blanco

Este artículo analiza la imagen de la Ciudad de México configurada en la crónica mexicana a partir de los años setenta en especial en los textos de José Joaquín Blanco. Se detiene en el modo en que el género afronta la realidad de una megalópolis que ya solo puede ser asumida de modo fragmentario y múltiple. Entre la utopía y una visión apocalíptica de la ciudad, la crónica reconfigura el espacio y el tiempo urbanos, y formula una nueva identidad crítica gracias a la habilitación de espacios de expresión posibles dentro de las nuevas ciudades modificadas por el capital.

El concepto de “posesión común originaria” en la doctrina kantiana de la propiedad

Los primeros parágrafos de la sección “El derecho privado” (§§ 1-17) de la Doctrina del derecho de Kant incluyen el conjunto de los elementos sistemáticos que conciernen a la justificación de los derechos relativos a la propiedad. El propósito central de este trabajo es analizar la función sistemática del concepto de “posesión común originaria” en la doctrina kantiana de la propiedad, con especial interés en el sentido novedoso que adquiere ese concepto —que pertenecía a la tradición del derecho natural— en su reformulación como un “concepto práctico de la razón, que contiene a priori, el principio según el cual tan solo los hombres pueden hacer uso del lugar sobre la tierra siguiendo leyes jurídicas” (RL, 262).