Psychometric properties of the reading comprehension test ECOMPLEC.Sec

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Reading hybrid texts : remarks on text/image transitions

The reading of printed materials implies the visual processing of information originated in two distinct semiotic systems. The rapid identification of redundancy, complementation or contradiction rhetoric strategies between the two information types may be crucial for an adequate interpretation of bimodal materials. Hybrid texts (verbal and visual) are particular instances of bimodal materials, where the redundant information is often neglected while the complementary and the contradictory ones are essential.Studies using the 504 ASL eye-tracking system while reading either additive or exhibiting captions (Baptista, 2009) revealed fixations on the verbal material and transitions between the written and the pictorial in a much higher number and duration than the initially foreseen as necessary to read the verbal text. We therefore hypothesized that confirmation strategies of the written information are taking place, by using information available in the other semiotic system.Such eye-gaze patterns obtained from denotative texts and pictures seem to contradict some of the scarce existing data on visual processing of texts and images, namely cartoons (Carroll, Young and Guertain, 1992), descriptive captions (Hegarty, 1992 a and b), and advertising images with descriptive and explanatory texts (cf. Rayner and Rotello, 2001, who refer to a previous reading of the whole text before looking at the image, or even Rayner, Miller and Rotello, 2008 who refer to an earlier and longer look at the picture) and seem to consolidate findings of Radach et al. (2003) on systematic transitions between text and image.By framing interest areas in the printed pictorial material of non redundant hybrid texts, we have identified the specific areas where transitions take place after fixations in the verbal text. The way those transitions are processed brings a new interest to further research.

Using eye-tracking to detect reading difficulties

Taking into account the study of Luegi (2006), where eye movements of 20 Portuguese university students while reading text passages were analyzed, in this article we discuss some methodological issues concerning eye tracking measures to evaluate reading difficulties. Relating syntactic complexity, grammaticality and ambiguity to eye movements, we will discuss the use of many different dependent variables that indicate the immediate and delayed processes in text processing. We propose a new measure that we called Progression-Path which permits analyzing, in the critical region, what happens when the reader proceeds on the sentence instead of going backwards to solve a problem that s/he found (which is the most common expected behavior but not the only one, as is illustrated by some of our examples).

Grabbing attention while reading website pages: the influence of verbal emotional cues in advertising

The increasing use of the World Wide Web has promised a huge advertising platform for marketers. Investment in online advertising is growing and is expected to overcome traditional media. However, recent studies have reported that users avoid looking at advertising displayed on the World Wide Web. This study aimed at examining the impact of verbal emotional cues (negative/neutral/positive) to capture attention on website’s advertising areas through an eye tracker system. The results revealed significant statistical differences between fixations to negative, positive words and neutral words. Significant differences between the number of fixations and recognition of the target words were found only for the negative valence words. We conclude that negative emotional words could play a major role on user attention to advertising.

Delineating difference and spaces of resistance : reading the Nana’s Silence in Rosario Castellanos’ ''Balún Canán''

A escritora mexicana Rosario Castellanos incorpora silêncios em suas obras de uma forma que permite ao leitor a questionar o próprio significado da agência e da natureza da subjetividade de uma protagonista feminina. Silêncios tendem a criar brechas no texto, iluminando as diferenças sociais e raciais que a narração em primeira pessoa foge. Além disso, é revelado que o sujeito se imagina em oposição ao silêncio de mulheres menos privilegiadas, e que realmente não existe um local em que o subalterno pode falar. Este projecto se centra em seu romance Balún Canan (1957), em que a babá Indígena de uma menina complica o desejo de ascender dentro da estrutura patriarcal da sua família mais privilegiada, como a menina descobre que o que faria sua vida confortável é a causa da subjugação de sua “outra mãe.” O texto é desenvolvido em torno de um desejo de falar a partir das margens, e há um esforço claro para dar voz aos subalternos. No entanto, a relação entre a menina e sua babá não é nem romântica nem idealizada; a presença da mulher colonizada resiste a marginalização e ressalta que está sendo coberto no processo de desenvolvimento individual. Ansiedadesurge dentro da narração da menina como ela percebe seu privilégio como membro da classe latifundiária, e a escrita navega entre diferentes manifestações de silêncio: o silenciamento da babá em uma replicação de violência colonial, e a manutenção do silêncio como uma barreira respeitosa.

Colaboração entre Agentes Educativos num caso de dificuldades de Aprendizagem Específicas no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Nowadays we live in a literate society in which reading and writing skills are highly valued. Currently, the educational interventions seek to involve people from different backgrounds to form multidisciplinary teams. The present case study aimed to analyze the collaboration process between the different members of the context involved in educational intervention regarding the oral language disorders and learning disabilities in reading and writing. Concerning psychological evaluation we used different instruments for data collection. Firstly interview and clinical history where carried out afterwards a semi-structured interviews were prepared in order to obtain information about the performance of the special education team, the special education and children with special needs and learning difficulties in pre-primary and 1st cycle of basic education. The implementation of educational policies at the school where also considered in the case study which revealed difficulties in achieving the educational support for students with these problems.

Aprender a ler, aprender a conviver: aprendizagem da leitura como veículo para a socialização

O trabalho apresentado é decorrente do Projeto de Intervenção realizado no âmbito do Curso de 2º Ciclo em Educação Especial – domínio cognitivo e motor, da Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias. Resumo A referida intervenção contempla a minimização das dificuldades apresentadas por uma menina a nível da leitura e escrita e da sua socialização, numa perspetiva inclusiva. M. é o nome fictício da aluna alvo da intervenção. Atualmente, frequenta o 3º ano de escolaridade numa escola pública, em Lisboa área da sua residência. A revisão da literatura vai sustentar e facilitar a compreensão clara e concisa da intervenção realizada e das posições defendidas sobre esta matéria. Deste modo, são tratados temas no âmbito da exclusão social e escolar, da escola Inclusiva e dos obstáculos que ainda encontramos nas escolas, dos preconceitos, dos alunos com necessidades educativas especiais, das adaptações curriculares, da aprendizagem cooperativa e diferenciação pedagógica, referimo-nos ainda às dificuldades de aprendizagem e, por último, à comunicação e à linguagem oral e escrita. Para obter informações sobre a M. e sobre o contexto da intervenção, bem como sobre todo o seu processo de inclusão escolar, utilizamos como suporte metodológico, a pesquisa documental, as entrevistas semi-diretivas à professora titular de turma e à professora de ensino especial, a observação naturalista, a sociometria e as notas de campo para se poder complementar as informações. A planificação global da intervenção foi elaborada a partir do relacionamento/ cruzamento dos dados que resultaram da análise da informação recolhida. Para uma intervenção fundamentada caracterizamos inicialmente o seu contexto escolar e familiar e posteriormente a M. Os princípios orientadores da intervenção realizada, assentam numa perspetiva de investigação para a ação, e tiveram presentes os objetivos definidos para a M. As atividades foram realizadas, numa perspetiva de aprendizagem muito estruturada, muito refletida e avaliada durante todo o processo, implicando todos os intervenientes. Esta intervenção, levou-nos a estimular práticas educativas, diferenciadas e inclusivas na turma, com a professora titular dessa turma e com a professora do ensino especial com os colegas da M.

Reading fluency in children who are deaf or hard of hearing

This literature review explores the role of reading fluency in children who are deaf or hard of hearing and the essential role reading fluency plays in reading comprehension. The information gathered in this paper supports the importance of direct instruction of reading fluency with children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

An analysis of four reading series at the third grade reading level

This paper discusses a study of four reading series at the third grade reading level for hearing impaired children.

Reading aloud to children who are deaf or hard of hearing

This study examines the benefits and most effective techniques of reading aloud to children who are deaf or hard of hearing, including an instructional video and booklist for parents.

Applicability of the Test of Visual Perceptual Abilities (TVPA) in diagnosing learning disabilities in hearing-impaired children

This paper studies the validity of the Test of Visual Perceptual Abilities (TVPA) as an indicator of learning problems in hearing-impaired children and how it correlates with other measures of learning disabilities.

An exploration of the role of narrative skills in higher-level reading comprehension of teenagers with hearing loss

This Study examines the relationship between scores on adolescents’ self-generated narratives and standardized reading-comprehension scores. This relationship is also compared with the more simple language metrics: vocabulary and syntax.

An analysis of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests and the Diagnostic Reading Scales for use with hearing-impaired children

This paper examines two individually administered diagnostic reading tests, the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests and the Diagnostic Reading Scales, to determine their value for use with hearing-impaired children.

Twelve sequence stories for use as part of reading curriculum for deaf children

This paper discusses the use of sight vocabulary drills, experience and sequence stories, pre-primers, basal readers and text books as part of a reading curriculum for hearing-impaired children.

The relationship of hearing-impaired children's scores on the Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test and the reading subtests of the American School Achievement Test

This paper discusses visual-motor tests and reading tests for hearing impaired children.