912 resultados para Proposição legislativa, produção, Brasil, 2003-2006
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Land-use changes influence local biodiversity directly, and also cumulatively, contribute to regional and global changes in natural systems and quality of life. Consequent to these, direct impacts on the natural resources that support the health and integrity of living beings are evident in recent times. The Western Ghats being one of the global biodiversity hotspots, is reeling under a tremendous pressure from human induced changes in terms of developmental projects like hydel or thermal power plants, big dams, mining activities, unplanned agricultural practices,monoculture plantations, illegal timber logging, etc. This has led to the once contiguous forest habitats to be fragmented in patches, which in turn has led to the shrinkage of original habitat for the wildlife, change in the hydrological regime of the catchment, decreased inflow in streams,human-animal conflicts, etc. Under such circumstances, a proper management practice is called for requiring suitable biological indicators to show the impact of these changes, set priority regions and in developing models for conservation planning. Amphibians are regarded as one of the best biological indicators due to their sensitivity to even the slightest changes in the environment and hence they could be used as surrogates in conservation and management practices. They are the predominating vertebrates with a high degree of endemism (78%) in Western Ghats. The present study is an attempt to bring in the impacts of various land-uses on anuran distribution in three river basins. Sampling was carried out for amphibians during all seasons of 2003-2006 in basins of Sharavathi, Aghanashini and Bedthi. There are as many as 46 species in the region, one of which is new to science and nearly 59% of them are endemic to the Western Ghats. They belong to nine families, Dicroglossidae being represented by 14 species,followed by Rhacophoridae (9 species) and Ranidae (5 species). Species richness is high in Sharavathi river basin, with 36 species, followed by Bedthi 33 and Aghanashini 27. The impact of land-use changes, was investigated in the upper catchment of Sharavathi river basin. Species diversity indices, relative abundance values, percentage endemics gave clear indication of differences in each sub-catchment. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated between species richness, endemics, environmental descriptors, land-use classes and fragmentation metrics. Principal component analysis was performed to depict the influence of these variables. Results show that sub-catchments with lesser percentage of forest, low canopy cover, higher amount of agricultural area, low rainfall have low species richness, less endemic species and abundant non-endemic species, whereas endemism, species richness and abundance of endemic species are more in the sub-catchments with high tree density, endemic trees, canopy cover, rainfall and lower amount of agriculture fields. This analysis aided in prioritising regions in the Sharavathi river basin for further conservation measures.
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El estudio se realizó en Masatepe, Nicaragua en el tiempo comprendido de 2001-2012. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento de las malezas en cuatro sistemas de café con árboles de sombra y uno a pleno sol con diferentes manejos químicos y orgánicos; su relación con la producción en Masatepe, Nicaragua. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Frecuencia en 2001, 2003, 2006, 2009 y 2011, se determinaron cinco grupos de malezas, una categoría de hojarasca y una de suelo desnudo: Zacates (ZAC), Hojas anchas anuales (HAA), Hojas anchas perennes (HAP), Malezas nobles (MN), Bejucos (BEJ), Hojarasca y suelo desnudo. La abundancia y diversidad fueron evaluadas en 2003, 2006 y 2009. La biomasa fresca de malezas fue evaluada en 2003 y 2012, la producción acumulada de café uva se evaluó en el tiempo comprendido de 2003 a 2012. Los datos de frecuencia, biomasa y abundancia de malezas se analizaron de manera descriptiva de acuerdo a los diferentes sistemas comparados. Diversidad biológica de malezas se usó el índice de Shannon - Weaber mediante el programa estadístico Infostat. Mediante la prueba de Pearson la producción acumulada de 2003 y 2012 se relacionó con la biomasa fresca de malezas. Dado que el ensayo presenta factores incompleto, los datos fueron comparados en tres sistemas para operativizar la información: Comparación 1. Pleno sol (PS) y SAF café con manejos Convencional Intensivo (CI) y Convencional Moderado (CM). Comparación 2. Cuatro SAF Samanea saman + Inga laurina (SSIL), Simarouba glauca y Tabebuia rosea (SGTR), Inga laurina+ Simarouba glauca (ILSG) y Samanea saman+ Tabebuia rosea (SSTR), con insumos Convencional Moderado (CM) y Orgánico Intensivo (OI). Comparación 3. Cuatro manejos: Convencional Intensivo (CI), Convencional Moderado (CM), Orgánico Intensivo (OI) y Orgánico Moderado (OM) bajo combinaciones de sombra. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los sistemas a pleno sol Convencional Intensivo (CI) Convencional Moderado (CM) y Sombra Convencional Intensivo (CI) mostraron mayor porcentaje de suelo descubierto, mientras las malezas nobles en sombra Convencional Moderado (CM) alcanzaron niveles arriba de 50 % a partir de 2003. La prueba de Pearson mostró que la biomasa fresca de malezas del 2003 no está relacionada a la producción del ciclo 2002-2003, y la biomasa fresca de malezas de 2012 con la producción acumulada del ciclo productivo 2002 – 2012, sin embargo las malezas competitivas se redujeron y las malezas nobles se incrementaron.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XIV - Comunicação Social, Informática, Telecomunicações, Sistema Postal, Ciência e Tecnologia.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.
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Consultor Legislativo - Área VII - Finanças, Direito Comercial, Direito Econômico, Defesa do Consumidor.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área X - Política Agrícola.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área IV - Finanças Públicas.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XV - Educação, Cultura, Desporto, Ciência e Tecnologia
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XVIII - Direito Internacional Público, Relações Internacionais.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XVIII - Direito Internacional Público, Relações Internacionais.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XV - Educação, Cultura, Desporto, Ciência e Tecnologia.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XVI - Saúde Pública, Sanitarismo.