Harmonization of Environmental Costs and Investments Reporting

The objective of this Master’s Thesis is to examine the current state of environmental costs and investments reporting at Stora Enso in the Business Area of Printing and Reading. Differences and the factors causing the differences in environmental costs and investments reporting are examined in order to further harmonize the reporting between the mills. Research method is a case study, which comprises 11 paper mills. Environmental costs are studied from year 2012 and environmental investments from year 2011 or from 2012 depending on the mill. The results show that there are two types of differences such as actual and harmonisable affecting to environmental costs reporting. Actual differences result from factors such as location and technical features of the mill. Harmonisable differences represent differences, which distort the actual differences. Factors that cause harmonisable differences are identification and traceability of environmental costs as well as interpretation of the instructions. Estimation of the environmental share of indirect environmental investments causes differences between the mills in environmental investments reporting, as it has to be done case-by-case judgments. A further research could consider a detailed examination of the data registering process in order to further improve traceability of environmental costs. Furthermore, identification and reporting of potential savings could be studied from environmental point of view as resource efficiency is an increasing interest.

Explicit versus implicit spelling strategy instruction and its effects on grade one children's invented spellings

The intent of this study was to investigate .the effectiveness of teaching thirty-five Grade One children a variety of effective spelling strategies in comparison to tradit~onal spelling instruction. Strategy instruction included training in phonology, imagery and analogy. In addition, the type of instruction pro~ided (implicit versus explicit) was also examined. Children were seen in small groups of four or five, for four, twenty-five minute sessions. All children were tested prior and immediately following the training sessions, as well as at 14-day follow-ups. Pretest and posttest measures included a dictated spelling test (based on words used in training), a developmental spelling test and a sample of each child's writing. In addition, children completed a metacognitive spelling test as a measure of their strategy awareness. Performance scores on the pretest and posttest measures were compared to determine if any differences existed between the three spelling instruction groups using the Dunn-Bonferroni and Dunnett procedures. Findings revealed that explicit strategy instruction was the most effective spelling program for improving Grade One children's invented spellings. Children who received this instruction were able to spell targeted words more accurately, even after a 14-day follow-up, and were able to recall more effective spelling strategies than children who received either implicit strategy instruction or traditional strategy instruction.

Improving grade eight students' spelling performance with a triad strategy approach

Thesis (M.Ed.)-- Brock University, 1996.

Spelling performance of third grade students : a comparison of whole-language-plus-strategy instruction, strategy instruction only, and the whole language approach

This study investigated three methods for teaching children how to spell. Third grade students were divided into three conditions for a one-week training period consisting of 15- to 20-minute lessons. One of the two experimental conditions used a whole language approach along with explicit strategy instruction. The second condition used strategy instruction within a traditional setting. The control used strictly a whole language approach to le~ing hO\\l to spell. The spelling perfonnance of all three conditions improved after the one-week training period. However, students in the strategy instruction groups did significantly better on the study "'7ords than the whole language only group. The students in whole-Ianguage-plusstrateg)! instruction outperformed both other groups. Significantly better spelling perfonnance was observed even at the nine-week posttest. This study frrst supported the hypothesis that children can make significantly greater improven1ents in their spelling when explicitly taught how to use spelling strategies. Secondl)', this study indicated that whole language provided a relevant context for the study words, clearly giving the students in the whole-Ianguage-plus-strategy condition an additional advantage.

The elementary spelling book being an improvement on the American Spelling-book

UANL

Towards an ethic of cultural harmonization : translating history textbooks in the province of Québec

Confronté à un projet de traduction de manuels d’histoire du français à l’anglais, destinés aux écoles publiques anglophones au Québec, Michael Varga définit une méthode qui ne s’appuie pas sur les théories de traduction classiques reliées aux structures binaires, mais qui s’inspire plutôt du modèle de la narratologie (narrative theory) prôné par Mona Baker. Varga reconnaît la légitimité d’une pluralité de narrations en compétition entre elles qui se manifestent parmi les différents groupes socioculturels faisant partie d’une même société (le Québec). Il identifie des passages en provenance du texte d’origine qui mettent en relief des conflits reliés à l’accommodation culturelle. Il traite la façon dont ces conflits échouent à communiquer adéquatement des réalités culturelles appropriées, lesquelles seront en concert avec les normes et valeurs propres à la société québécoise. Il propose des traductions, apte au domaine pédagogique, qui désamorceront ces conflits et les accommoderont tout en respectant la pluralité des réalités culturelles en évidence dans la société québécoise.

Harmonisation des langues africaines transfrontalières par les TIC pour un enseignement-apprentissage plus efficient : le cas du Peul

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'harmonisation des langues africaines transfrontalières à tradition écrite émergente au moyen des Technologies de l’information et de la communication.

Morphological awareness intervention : does severity play a role in spelling-reading improvement?

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Teaching spelling : teacher's workbook.

Es un módulo, de carácter interactivo, en el que se recomienda que no haya más de doce participantes por grupo, a fin de que todos ellos puedan compartir sus pensamientos, preguntas e investigaciones en el aula. Aunque, convencionalmente se dice que la ortografía es simplemente una herramienta para la escritura, uno de los más importantes descubrimientos de la alfabetización infantil, en la última década, es la noción de que la ortografía puede desempeñar un papel fundamental en el aprendizaje de la lectura.

Teaching spelling : course coordinator's book.

Es un módulo, de carácter interactivo, sobre ortografía en el que se recomienda que no haya más de doce participantes, uno de los cuales es el responsable de la organización de las sesiones. Lectura guiada es una técnica de instrucción y evaluación que apoya y fomenta el desarrollo de estrategias de lectura independiente. El responsable del módulo propone las actividades que se realizan en las sesiones para las diferentes etapas en los primeros años de escolarización, los materiales y equipos que serán necesarios para apoyar cada período de sesiones, las sugerencias de textos de ficción y no ficción que los participantes apoyan para las actividades de lectura guiada, y por último,cómo llevar a cabo las sesiones de apoyo y las tareas y actividades.

Word matters : teaching phonics and spelling in the reading-writing classroom.

Presenta un sistemático programa para ayudar a los niños en el aprendizaje de las letras, los sonidos y las palabras, y para ello establece las bases teóricas y prácticas necesarias en tres contextos: el estudio planificado de los elementos de letras y palabras; la escritura, para que los niños sepan usar las relaciones fonema-grafema, y desarrollen la ortografía, y por último, la lectura, incluida la enseñanza de cómo resolver palabras con el uso de la fonética.

Funny phonics and silly spelling : key stage 1 : age 5-6.

Un mago y sus amigos ayudan a los niños a aprender y practicar los conocimientos básicos de inglés, requeridos en la etapa clave uno (Key Stage 1). Diseñadas para captar la imaginación del estudiante, las actividades están divididas en secciones, cada una centrada en una competencia básica de fonética y ortografía:alfabeto; las letras iniciales; las letras finales; las vocales; la formación de la palabra; recitando versos; ortografía ck, terminación ng; los finales de palabra; sonido ch y sh. En la última página incluye un Certificado de Excelencia donde cada niño puede pegar una estrella dorada como recompensa por los logros alcanzados en cada actividad.

Funny phonics and silly spelling : key stage 1 : age 6-7.

Un mago y sus amigos ayudan a los niños a aprender y practicar los conocimientos básicos de inglés, requeridos en la etapa clave uno (Key Stage 1). Diseñadas para captar la imaginación del estudiante, las actividades están divididas en secciones, cada una centrada en una competencia básica de fonética y ortografía. En la última página incluye un Certificado de Excelencia donde cada niño puede pegar una estrella dorada como recompensa por los logros alcanzados en cada actividad.