981 resultados para 59.82:04
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Incluye tres modelos de fichas para la evaluación de la estimulación táctil, la visual y la auditiva
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Resumen tomado del autor. Este artículo se incluye en el monográfico ïReflexiones sobre política educativaï
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This paper analyses the kind of reader constructed in the Lives and the response expected of that reader. It begins by attempting a typology of moralising in the Lives. Plutarch does sometimes make general 'gnomic' statements about right and wrong, and occasionally passes explicit judgement on a subject's behaviour. In addition, the language with which Plutarch describes character is inherently moralistic; and even when he does not pass explicit judgment, Plutarch can rely on a common set of notions about what makes behaviour virtuous or vicious. However, the application of any moral lessons is left to the reader's own judgement. Furthermore, Plutarch's use of multiple focalisations means that the reader is sometimes presented with varying ways of looking at the same individual or the same historical situation. In addition, many incidents or anecdotes are marked by 'multivalence': that is, they resist reduction to a single moral message or lesson. In such cases, the reader is encouraged to exercise his or her own critical faculties. Indeed, the prologues which precede many pairs of Lives and the synkriseis which follow them sometimes explicitly invite the reader's participation in the work of judging. The syncritic structure of the Parallel Lives also invites the reader's participation, as do the varying perspectives provided by a corpus of overlapping Lives. In fact, the presence of a critical, engaged reader is presupposed by the agonistic nature of much of Greek literature, and of several texts in the Moralia which stage opposing viewpoints or arguments. Plutarch himself argues for such a reader in his How the young man should listen to poems.
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Leishmania spp. are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a complex of diseases with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is a main etiological agent of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmania spp., as other trypanosomatids, possess a metabolism based significantly on the consumption of amino acids. However, the transport of amino acids in these organisms remains poorly understood with few exceptions. Glutamate transport is an important biological process in many organisms. In the present work, the transport of glutamate is characterized. This process is performed by a single kinetic system (K-m=0.59 +/- 0.04 mM, V-max=0.123 +/- 0.003 nmol/min per 20 x 10(6) cells) showing an energy of activation of 52.38 +/- 4.7 kJ/mol and was shown to be partially inhibited by analogues, such as glutamine, aspartate, alpha-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate, methionine, and alanine. The transport activity was sensitive to the extracellular concentration of H+ but not to Na+ or K+. However, unlike other amino acid transporters presently characterized, the treatment with specific ionophores confirmed the participation of a K+, and not H+ membrane gradient in the transport process.
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Os recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos tem-se mostrado contaminados, cada vez mais freqüentemente, por substâncias orgânicas e inorgânicas, em nível de traços, prejudicando os seus usos mais nobres, por exemplo, abastecimento público. Este estudo teve por finalidade principal verificar a eficiência de rejeição por membranas poliméricas, de alguns compostos orgânicos tipo, naftaleno, carbofurano, tricloroetileno (TCE) e metil paration, em baixas concentrações. Empregou-se testes hidrodinâmicos de filtração, tipo "dead-end", com taxa de aplicação média de 13,16 m3.m-2.h-1 através das membranas comerciais de características distintas, uma de ultra (UE-50) e duas de nanofiltração (XN-40 e TS-80). Avaliou-se, também, a preparação de água contaminada para a filtração por membranas, através do prétratamento por oxidação do carbofurano em meio líquido, usando um desinfetante padrão, o hipoclorito de sódio. Após a oxidação desde composto, testes hidrodinâmicos de filtração foram realizados para verificar, também, a eficiência de rejeição dos sub-produtos. Por fim, foram realizados testes de envelhecimento das membranas que poderiam ser atacadas pelos compostos orgânicos em solução aquosa. Todos os ensaios foram realizados à temperatura de 25 oC, empregando pressão de filtração de 4 atm. Os compostos orgânicos foram detectados por várias técnicas, principalmente cromatografia gasosa e líquida, sequenciada por espectrometria de massas. Para acompanhar o envelhecimento das membranas, em seis meses de uso, foi empregada microscopia de força atômica, através da medição de porosidade e de rugosidade superficiais. Em termos médios, nas três faixas de concentrações testadas, o metil paration foi o composto mais eficientemente removido pelas membranas em todos os testes realizados, com 59,82 % de rejeição pela membrana UE-50, 43,97 % pela membrana XN-40 e 56,12 % pela TS-80. O TCE foi rejeitado 28,42 %, 23,87 % e 21,42 % pelas membranas UE-50, XN-40 e TS-80, respectivamente. O naftaleno, foi rejeitado 20,61 %, 14,85 % e 12,63 % pelas membranas UE-50, XN-40 e TS-80, respectivamente. Para o carbofurano, a percentagem de rejeição pelas membranas UE-50, XN-40 e TS-80 foi, respectivamente, de 4,51 %, 4,88 % e 2,92 %. Dentre todas as membranas testadas, a membrana de polisulfona UE-50, de ultrafiltração, produziu a melhor eficiência na rejeição de metil paration, tricloroetileno e naftaleno, com 59,82 %, 28,43 % e 20,61 % de rejeição, na ordem. A membrana de poliamida-uréia TS-80, de nanofiltração, proporcionou maior rejeição (56,12 %) que a membrana de poliamida XN-40, de nanofiltração (43,97 %), para o metil paration. Ao contrário, a membrana XN-40 mostrou uma rejeição maior (23,87 %) que a TS-80 para o tricloroetileno (21,42 %). Para o naftaleno, a membrana XN-40 também mostrou uma rejeição (14,85 %) maior que a TS-80 (12,63 %). A eficiência de rejeição do carbofurano foi a menor de todos os compostos ensaiados, independente da membrana. Se for assumido que a membrana de ultra deverá ser seguida pela de nanofiltração, a eficiência conjunta UE-50 + XN-40 será, em termos médios, para o naftaleno, carbofurano, tricloroetileno e metil paration, respectivamente, 32,24%, 9,19%, 45,60% e 77,44%. Para o conjunto UE-50 + TS-80 será de: 30,64%, 7,29%, 43,92% e 83,51%, não havendo diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois conjuntos. Nos testes de pré-tratamento por oxidação do carbofurano, observou-se a formação do carbofurano hidrolisado e mais dois sub-produtos principais, SP-1 e SP-2, que foram rejeitados, 47,85 % e 92,80 %, respectivamente, pela membrana XN-40. Na verificação das perdas das características morfológicas pelo uso prolongado das membranas, sob ataque de compostos orgânicos em baixa concentração ("envelhecimento") verificou-se que a rugosidade (0, 3 e 6 meses) e a porosidade (0, 3 e 6 meses) foram consideravelmente alteradas. A porosidade da membrana XN-40 aumentou 42,86% e a da membrana TS-80 aumentou 34,57%, quando imersas por 3 meses. A rugosidade das membranas XN-40 e TS-80 nos testes de imersão por 3 meses, aumentou 5,37% e 291% respectivamente. Nos testes de imersão em 6 meses, o aumento da porosidade das membranas XN-40 e TS-80 foi de 29,67% e 18,52% respectivamente, enquanto que a rugosidade aumentou 25,27% e 155% para as mesmas. Conclui-se que membranas de nanofiltração poliméricas necessitam de prétratamentos para rejeitar, com segurança, e colocar dentro dos padrões de potabilidade, águas contaminadas com os compostos orgânicos tipo testados e que seu uso prolongado irá afetar as suas características de rejeição dos contaminates.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV
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Currently, responsible ownership of pets has been widely discussed. In the past, they were brought to our society and it is our duty nowadays to establish this relationship between man and animal. This study aimed at evaluating the level of knowledge of elderly dog owners about responsible ownership with emphasis on control of canine visceral leishmaniasis and at the same time make them aware of the precautions to be taken. An individual questionnaire on the subject was applied to 68 elderly people. They all belong to Nossa Senhora Aparecida Village, located on the suburb of Araçatuba-SP. Along with the interview, veterinary students advised them on the control of canine visceral leishmaniasis, the importance of sterilization in cats and dogs and the responsible ownership, with distribution of informative leaflets. Fecal samples from dogs were collected by the owners and they were sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases at Odontology Faculty at Araçatuba UNESP to be processed through the Willis-Mollay technique. Anthelmintic were acquired in the project and donated for the treatment of animals tested positive. 56.25% (63/112) out of the total number of dogs examined were females, aged between one and ten years. Only 32.14% (36/112) had access to the streets, 90.18% (101/112) were not castrated and 58% (65/112) were mixed breed (SRD). Among the owners, 88.24% (60/68) did not know what zoonosis is and 14.71% (10/68) were not aware what leishmaniasis is. Regarding the researched animals, 62.50% (70/112) had ectoparasites (fleas and ticks). It was also observed that 67.86% (76/112) of dogs had been dewormed, but in 59.82% (36/112) of cases, the intervals between these processes were irregular. For females, 85.71% (54/63) had no prevention heat and it was noted that 19.51% (8 / 41) had already given birth, had dystocia. With these data we can confirm the lack of information by these elderly and the need to establish community awareness and continued programs.
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Distinct potassium, anion, and calcium channels in the plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane of plant cells have been identified and characterized by patch clamping. Primarily owing to advances in Arabidopsis genetics and genomics, and yeast functional complementation, many of the corresponding genes have been identified. Recent advances in our understanding of ion channel genes that mediate signal transduction and ion transport are discussed here. Some plant ion channels, for example, ALMT and SLAC anion channel subunits, are unique. The majority of plant ion channel families exhibit homology to animal genes; such families include both hyperpolarization- and depolarization-activated Shaker-type potassium channels, CLC chloride transporters/channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, and ionotropic glutamate receptor homologs. These plant ion channels offer unique opportunities to analyze the structural mechanisms and functions of ion channels. Here we review gene families of selected plant ion channel classes and discuss unique structure-function aspects and their physiological roles in plant cell signaling and transport.