996 resultados para Brasil - Supremo Tribunal Federal


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A presente dissertação objetiva analisar a forma de recepção dos tratados internacionais em matéria tributária pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, é fundamental verificar a relação entre o direito internacional e o direito interno, por meio da análise das teorias monista e dualista. Apresenta-se o Direito Tributário Internacional como uma das variações do Direito Internacional Público, com o objetivo de introduzir a matéria tributária. Estudam-se os tratados como uma das principais fontes do direito internacional e o modo como o Poder Executivo e o Poder Legislativo participam de sua ratificação. Detalham-se, assim, os objetivos e os métodos dos tratados internacionais em matéria tributária, os quais visam a evitar a ocorrência do fenômeno jurídico da bitributação. Concluída a análise do procedimento de internalização desses tratados pelo ordenamento brasileiro, há a possibilidade de surgirem conflitos entre a norma internacional recepcionada e a lei interna anterior ou superveniente. E, por essa razão, apresentam-se os critérios gerais e específicos adotados pela doutrina e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal para solucionar antinomias jurídicas.

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Em instigante artigo, Domingues (2011), que ainda permanece muito relevante e atual, e em que se faz uso da alegoria simbolizada pela espada de Dâmocles, somos alertados para possíveis efeitos da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 2.316, que foi proposta no já longínquo ano de 2000, pelo antigo Partido Liberal. Tal ADI 2.316, que continua pendente de definição por parte do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), diz respeito ao artigo 5º da Medida Provisória (MP) 2.170–36/2001, que estabelece: “Art. 5º. Nas operações realizadas pelas instituições integrantes do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, é admissível a capitalização de juros com periodicidade inferior a um ano.” Ou seja, em outras palavras, ainda não há decisão final, pois que o STF não concluiu sua apreciação da matéria, sobre se o chamado regime de juros compostos pode ser empregado em prazos que sejam frações do ano.

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Considerando-se as recentes decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal no controle de constitucionalidade, percebe-se o movimento de sincretização entre os controles abstrato e concreto. A visão da atual jurisdição constitucional revela que as últimas criações legislativas foram inseridas no controle abstrato, sendo o caminho utilizado para resolução das principais controvérsias judiciais, com seus efeitos erga omnes e vinculantes. Esse panorama não afastou a utilização do controle concreto, que se renova ao se aproveitar dos instrumentos do controle concentrado abstrato. Não apenas o controle concreto e difuso está se beneficiando do controle abstrato, como também a recíproca é verdadeira. O controle abstrato também se beneficia ao valer-se de diversos instrumentos que não seriam possíveis por suas características abstratas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar esse movimento, através de casos emblemáticos e instrumentos criados pelas Leis que tratam sobre o controle de constitucionalidade, a fim de comprovar esse novo cenário na ordem jurídica brasileira. Este trabalho foi realizado através de pesquisas bibliográficas e casos perante o Supremo Tribunal Federal. O resultado da análise comprova essa tendência na utilização de pressupostos que seriam apenas de um controle, sendo utilizado pelo outro. Isso representa um grande avanço para o tema controle de constitucionalidade que tende cada vez mais a ser sincretizado.

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A inclusão do presidente da Câmara, deputado Eduardo Cunha (PMDB-RJ) na lista de investigados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) não deve deter o avanço do PMDB fluminense tanto dentro da sigla quanto no plano nacional. Com 22 das 92 prefeituras locais, alianças em quase dois terços dos municípios do estado e influência sobre quase 20 partidos, os caciques pemedebistas do Rio se uniram em uma estratégia que já abre espaço para uma segunda geração de politicos, como o prefeito do Rio, Eduardo Paes, cotado para disputara presidência da República. Para o grupo - nascido da aliança entre o ex-governador Sérgio Cabral e o presidente regional do partido e presidente da Assembleia Legislativa jorge Picciani - processos judiciais não são entraves na ocupação de espaços politicos.

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A inclusão do presidente da Câmara, deputado Eduardo Cunha (PMDB-RJ) na lista de investigados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) não deve deter o avanço do PMDB fluminense tanto dentro da sigla quanto no plano nacional. Com 22 das 92 prefeituras locais, alianças em quase dois terços dos municípios do estado e influência sobre quase 20 partidos, os caciques pemedebistas do Rio se uniram em uma estratégia que já abre espaço para uma segunda geração de políticos, como o prefeito do Rio, Eduardo Paes, cotado para disputar a presidência da República. Para o grupo - nascido da aliança entre o ex-governador Sérgio Cabral e o presidente regional do partido e presidente da Assembleia Legislativa, Jorge Picciani - processos judiciais não são entraves na ocupação de espaços políticos.

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Este trabalho demonstrará, em um primeiro momento, como o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), ao analisar a lei que instituiu o ProUni em sede de controle constitucional abstrato, alterou o objetivo atribuído ao programa pelo Poder Executivo. Argumenta-se que, se levada a sério, a decisão do STF, embora tenha declarado constitucional o ProUni, traz consigo consequências normativas que exigem alterações no desenho do ProUni, que agora passa a ter um compromisso com a empregabilidade de seus beneficiários. Em seguida, este trabalho avaliará a compatibilidade do ProUni com seu “novo” objetivo normativo e, ao cumprir essa tarefa, chamará atenção para o seguinte problema: embora o ProUni impacte positivamente no índice de empregabilidade dos alunos, não os direciona às carreias mais valoradas no mercado de trabalho. Por fim, sustentar-se-á que se a alteração do objetivo normativo do Programa feita pelo STF for levada a sério, há indícios de que a distribuição de bolsas do ProUni precisaria ser alterada para passar a priorizar cursos “estratégicos”. Isso porque – segue o argumento - ao conferir ao Programa a tarefa de “reduzir desigualdades sociais”, o STF incorporou ao ProUni um novo compromisso, o de garantir que todos (ou quase todos) seus beneficiários concluam seus cursos de educação superior e passem a ocupar vagas de trabalho bem-remuneradas.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o fenômeno da Guerra Fiscal relativa ao ICMS em razão da concessão de benefícios fiscais sem amparo em Convênio. Ao longo dos últimos anos, os Estados têm concedido cada vez mais tais benefícios, o que levou a um grande número de ações judiciais no Supremo Tribunal Federal questionando sua constitucionalidade. Para pacificar o entendimento no sentido de que tais benefícios quando não aprovados pela unanimidade dos membros no CONFAZ seriam inconstitucionais, o STF editou a Proposta de Súmula Vinculante nº 69. São apresentados os efeitos que esta Súmula Vinculante causará caso venha a ser aprovada e se seria possível a modulação de seus efeitos como forma de garantir uma maior segurança jurídica. Em seguida, é feita uma abordagem acerca da Lei nº 3.394/2000 e do Decreto 26.273/2000 do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, normas que concederam remissão de juros e multa os débitos referentes aos benefícios acumulados pelas empresas durante a vigência da Lei nº 2.273/1994, que foi posteriormente declarada inconstitucional pelo STF. O presente trabalho trata também da legitimidade do Ministério Público para ajuizar ações civis públicas em face de TAREs concessivos de benefícios fiscais. Por fim, apresenta-se o Convênio ICMS 70/2014 na sua tentativa de minimizar os impactos da declaração de inconstitucionalidade dos benefícios sobre os contribuintes e os obstáculos que existem para o alcance deste objetivo.

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A análise de rede realizada pela FGV DAPP revela que o cenário de polarização entre setores pró-governo e setores críticos (na oposição e também na própria base aliada) vem politizando os temas relacionados ao Supremo Tribunal Federal. Entre os dias 10 de abril e 10 de maio, os principais temas ligados ao STF geraram debates politizados, opondo setores pró e contra o governo. Lava Jato, financiamento de campanha, PEC da Bengala e agora a indicação do jurista Luiz Edson Fachin reproduziram a disputa entre os dois campos.

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The present study deals with the caution measure in the direct action of inconstitutionality. The treatment given to the approach is through the principle of access to justice. For this, a construction of the juridical content in the principle of access to justice is proposed, without losing the focus of its characteristic as a metajuridical principle, which is presented in the constitutional field as a fundamental right, generator of a new universality, destined to guarantee the prevalence of an adequate juridical tutelage. Some challenges of the concretizing hermeutics are still shown to give way to principle of access to justice, dealing with certain limitations and proposals. The direct action of inconstitutionality in face of the dissertation, begins to focus on the presentation of the tutelage of urgency, differentiating it from the other brief tutelage and elevating it to the condition of instrument which is indispensable to the principle of access to justice. In the most specific field of the abstract control of constitutionality, the characteristics of the objective process are defined, their sources, amongst which the regimental norms of the Federal Supreme Court and their role in the new constitutional reality. Finally, the caution measure in the direct action of inconstitutionality is presented by the perspective of principle of access to justice, identifying some points: the interpretations of the principle of the natural judge to adapt him to the aspect of continuous and temporarily adequate juridical account, especially when concerned to emergency; the analysis of facts in the direct action; the bonding objective effects and the erga omnes; the effect over the factual and normative plan; the effect of the caution measure over other processes and over the prescriptional course; the polemic of the possibility of caution measure in direct action of inconstitutionality through omission

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PETROBRAS, a Brazilian oil company, follows principles of public administration and from the Constitutional Amendment 9/95 in Brazil began to compete with other companies with the flexibility of the oil monopoly. In this new model started to use the simplified procedure for bidding so that could compete on equal terms. The ordinance that adopted a simplified procedure for bidding has been the subject of some criticism and lawsuits especially under the Court of Audit and the Supreme Court in Brazil. The analysis of their constitutionality, and the possibility of their use by other group companies is the theme of this work, and for this purpose, permeates through the notions of judicial review in the Brazilian law on the stage of law and economics analysis of the norm, and the principles applicable to PETROBRAS and the devices most frequently asked about the implementation of 2745/98 Decree. For this, the basic issue that should be investigated further is the regulatory power of the Federal Executive and the delegation of powers within the legislature and its conformation to the constitutional regency

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The 1988 Federal Constitution of Brazil by presenting the catalog of fundamental rights and guarantees (Title II) provides expressly that such rights reach the social, economic and cultural rights (art. 6 of CF/88) as a means not only to ratify the civil and political rights, but also to make them effective and practical in the life of the Brazilian people, particularly in the prediction of immediate application of those rights and guarantees. In this sense, health goes through condition of universal right and duty of the State, which should be guaranteed by social and economic policies aimed at reducing the risk of disease and other hazards, in addition to ensuring universal and equal access to actions and services for its promotion, protection and recovery (Article 196 by CF/88). Achieving the purposes aimed by the constituent to the area of health is the great challenge that requires the Health System and its managers. To this end, several policies have been structured in an attempt to establish actions and services for the promotion, protection and rehabilitation of diseases and disorders to health. In the mid-90s, in order to meet the guidelines and principles established by the SUS, it was established the Política Nacional de Atenção Oncológica PNAO, in an attempt to sketch out a public policy that sought to achieve maximum efficiency and to be able to give answers integral to effective care for patients with cancer, with emphasis on prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. However, many lawsuits have been proposed with applications for anticancer drugs. These actions have become very complex, both in the procedural aspects and in all material ones, especially due to the highcost drugs more requested these demands, as well as need to be buoyed by the scientific evidence of these drugs in relation to proposed treatments. The jurisprudence in this area, although the orientations as outlined by the Parliament of Supreme Court is still in the process of construction, this study is thus placed in the perspective of contributing to the effective and efficient adjudication in these actions, with focus on achieving the fundamental social rights. Given this scenario and using research explanatory literature and documents were examined 108 lawsuits pending in the Federal Court in Rio Grande do Norte, trying to identify the organs of the Judiciary behave in the face of lawsuits that seeking oncology drugs (or antineoplastic), seeking to reconcile the principles and constitutional laws and infra constitutional involving the theme in an attempt to contribute to a rationalization of this judicial practice. Finally, considering the Rational Use of health demands and the idea of belonging to the Brazilian people SUS, it is concluded that the judicial power requires ballast parameters of their decisions on evidence-based medicine, aligning these decisions housing constitutional principles that the right to health and the scientific conclusions of efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency in oncology drugs, when compared to the treatments offered by SUS

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The criminal responsibility of the media is analyzed when the criteria for production of news and events involving public safety are produced without considering the technical, legal and ethical practice of journalism in the media factors. Freedom of speech, expression of thought, necessary for professional qualifications and constitutional limits, reaching criminal constitutional principles and the possibilities of criminal liability for offenses practiced in the media are present as key factors legal dialogue in this work. The judgment of the Supreme Court on the unconstitutionality of Law nº. 5.250/67 called Media Law caused a gap in the national legal system, forcing the use of the criminal code to address issues that involve crimes produced in media professional performance. The presumption of innocence is ignored by the professional media during a police investigation where the information published does not respect, including constitutional guarantees: the right to privacy, honor and image. The right to information and the duty to inform media are worked in its constitutional aspect, considering that the same information should be produced is guided by the quality and guiding principles of truth. The constitutional concept of media is presented as information with the appropriate language of the news media, produced and disseminated through the vehicles of mass media, whether in print or digital platform. The presented model of the legal right to information is outlined from a constitutional hermeneutics, increasing the production of news as a result of the occupation of journalist in different news platforms, guaranteeing the quality of this prolific law. Under the Freedom of professional activity of the journalist, the constitutional limits are addressed in line with the reality of (non) regulation of their profession, considering the constitutional abuses committed in the exercise of that activity linked to communication fences. Jusphilosophic field reaches the limits of the duty of truth in journalism as a tool for spreading news, respect the audience and compatibility with the constitutional state. Using the conceptual and doctrinal aspects, this criminal offense is parsed from the journalistic practice and the publication of news involving public safety, with the hypothetical field consummation of that crime through the eventual intention. As a form of judgment against these crimes produced in honor media presents the court of the jury as a legitimate form of democratic decision

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This paper analyzes the policy of upgrading the teaching profession in relation to financing basic education, with a view to participation of the Union of Education Workers of Rio Grande do Norte - SINTE / RN and the state government in the implementation of Professional Base Salary the National Professional Teaching Public Basic Education - Law 11738/2008, the public state of Rio Grande do Norte. The participation of civil society, through the union movement presents itself as an important process of implementation of Professional Base Salary. The participation of SINTE / RN occurred since the fight to pass the plan, careers and Compensation (2006) until the implementation of the Base Salary (2009) highlighting the power relations established between the Union and State Government. To this end, there were actions such as public hearings and strikes by education professionals. In order to raise issues relevant to the issue of enhancement of teaching and participation of unions as a collective representation has been taken as a theoretical and methodological literature on the financing of basic education, enhancing teaching and participation as well as policy guidelines governing the career of teaching. Was used as a methodological procedure to document analysis and information gathering through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate the participation and the power relationship between the trade union movement and the state government in the implementation of the Base Salary. However, the current issues concerning the limitations of recovery of the teaching profession in order to implement the policy floor, not only merit of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, but the decisions that have been taken by the Supreme Court (STF) relating to the unconstitutionality of Action (ADI) filed by five governors. This fact greatly reduced the possibility of recovery of the teaching of the state, considering that the government was limited to decisions of the Supreme Court. Therefore, the enhancement of teaching remains a challenge for the union movement

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This study s main goal is to analyze the way the limits between Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte states, the so called Grossos matter, has been associated to the norte-rio-grandense spacial and identity formation during the first republic period. Thus, a consistet number of sources: RN and CE old newspapers, as well as a república from Natal and Fortaleza and o mossoroense ; historical drafts from the historical and geographical institute associated and historical, gographical and anthropological institute of Ceará; the Ação Cível Originária de nº 6 from the supreme federal tribunal and many other cartographies. The documents haven t been hierarchized, neither accepted as proof effects, but understood as the base matter for this text composition by the deconstruction of the analyzed discusses. In order to do that the ablação or bricolagem method, without quotations marks or long quotations themselves, has been used. Along the three analyzed charpters: the two phases the litigious was found, since its beginning yet in the XVIII century until 1888 and its return within the republic proclamation, in the 1920 resolution; the development of the documental, historical and identity dispute between IHGA-CE and IHG-RN; and, at last, the political game existing between the Albuquerque Maranhão oligarchy , Manuel Pereira Reis and Rui Barbosa, explaining the intentions, silent and miths built along the time by these intellectual participations

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The work presented here is the result of research on the issue of human rights in the face of conflicting issues such as the incorporation of international treaties, the sovereignty of states, globalization and multuculturalism. Specifically, we will investigate the origin of human rights, alongside his growing recognition, from the Revolutions until its completion in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The question, however, has become broader, when analyzed from the perspective of the internationalization of these rights as conditions and limits of democracy. Given the convergence on the reception of international treaties on human rights, we analyze a series of positions, including recent placements of the Supreme Court, and Constitutional Amendment n.45/2004. The study aims to review the classical concept of sovereignty, now within a new perspective based on the appearance of certain limitations of the state and a crisis in the face of the protection of human rights. We analyze the phenomenon of globalization in light of its complexity and its relation to sovereignty and human rights in pursuit of an expansion of democracy. The theme is consistent also with the line of contemporary constitutionalism, since their approach has a close connection with the issues of sovereignty and globalization, as well as a current relationship with the protection of human rights. The research aims to analyze the formation of a new society within a global vision of the constitutionalization of international law. It seeks to glimpse the invocacion model of foreign precedents and the possibility of dialogue betweem States as a way of protecting and enforcing the protection of human rights