Veamos qu?? se exige y sabremos qu?? hay que aprender??? y ense??ar

El art??culo forma parte de la secci??n ???Opciones b??sicas de los contenidos del curr??culo??? del monogr??fico ???Los contenidos???.

La relaci??n familia-escuela : ??hay posibilidades de encuentro? : la mediaci??n escolar como alternativa

Se debe potenciar la relaci??n familia-escuela desde la mediaci??n escolar, mejorando la calidad de la misma y abriendo una ventana al entendimiento entre ambos, intentando establecer unas normas que regulen la participaci??n, formando a padres, madres y docentes, respetando las situaciones personales, culturales y sociales de cada familia y dialogando permanentemente.

??Qu?? hay del Arte Contempor??neo? : ??c??mo voy a ense??ar algo a mis alumnos que ni yo mismo/a entiendo?

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

??Hay algo m??s que contar sobre las habilidades num??ricas de los beb??s y los ni??os?

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Conductas de ciberacoso en ni??os y adolescentes : hay una salida con la educaci??n y la conciencia social

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

??Hay un lugar para las familias en la educaci??n secundaria? : percepciones y propuestas para una transformaci??n del programa institucional de los centros educativos

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

??Hay un vac??o en la formaci??n inicial del profesorado de matem??ticas de Secundaria en Espa??a respecto a otros pa??ses?

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Del hecho al derecho hay mucho trecho. Pero es posible recorrerlo...

Basta con una simple mirada al mundo circundante para descubrir las desigualdades que nos rodean. Basta también con un mínimo esfuerzo reflexivo para concluir que hay diferencias que nos enriquecen, si fuimos educados para ver en la diversidad un motivo para la celebración y otras que son simplemente inaceptables, basadas sobre construcciones históricas de injusticia y opresión. No son las diferencias las causas de la opresión, sino lo que las sociedades hacen con ellas, podríamos decir, parafraseando aquel precepto que divulgó el movimiento feminista: no es la biología la que nos inferioriza (a las mujeres) sino lo que la sociedad hace con nuestro cuerpo. Sin embargo, históricamente se ha tratado de justificar la opresión (y el genocidio incluso) sobre supuestas razones biológicas e incluso divinas, que explicarían el desventurado destino de algunos grupos humanos.

Hay strewing, brush harvesting of seed and soil disturbance as tools for the enhancement of botanical diversity in grasslands

Since the middle of the last century agricultural intensification within Europe has led to a drastic decline in the extent of botanically diverse grasslands. Whilst measures to enhance the diversity of agriculturally-improved grasslands are in place, success has often been limited. One of the primary factors limiting success is the paucity of sources of propagules of desirable species in the surrounding landscape. The restoration of two contrasting grassland types lowland hay meadow and chalk grassland) was examined using a replicated block experiment to assess the effectiveness of two methods of seed application (hay strewing and brush harvesting) and two methods of pre-treatment disturbance (power harrowing and turf stripping). The resulting changes in botanical composition were monitored for 4 years. Seed addition by both methods resulted in significant temporal trends in plant species composition and increases in plant species richness, which were further enhanced by disturbance. Power harrowing increased the effectiveness of the seed addition treatments at the lowland hay meadow site. At the chalk grassland site a more severe disturbance created by turf stripping was used and shown to be preferable. Whilst both hay strewing and brush harvesting increased plant species richness, hay strewing was more effective at creating a sward similar to that of the donor site. Soil disturbance and seed application rate at the recipient site and timing of the hay cut at the donor site are all factors to be considered prior to the commencement of restoration management. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The dispersal of traditionally managed hay meadow plants via farmyard manure application

The dispersal of plants within botanically rich grassland is an important area of study if such swards are to be maintained. The application of farmyard manure provides a possible mechanism by which seeds contained within hay can be returned/introduced to grasslands. In this study, hay, dung and manure samples taken from farms with botanically rich meadows contained very limited quantities of seeds of desirable species. Digestion by cattle, and storage within a manure heap for 6 months or longer, further reduced seed germination. Samples were characterized by an abundance of the grass, Poa trivialis, with few forbs present. Confirmation of the negative effect of the digestive processes of cattle on seed viability was achieved using an in vitro laboratory experiment. However, this experiment did show that the perennial herbs, Filipendula ulmaria and Sanguisorba officinalis, were able to survive digestion at least as well as P. trivialis. The burial of known quantities of seeds in a manure heap also showed these perennial herbs to be at least as resistant to damage as P. trivialis. The results demonstrate that, given appropriate timing of the hay cut, seeds of species with high conservation value could become incorporated into manure for subsequent dispersal. However, manure dispersal would appear to be of limited value for many species desirable from a conservation viewpoint.

A field experiment to recreate species rich hay meadows using regional seed mixtures

Species rich semi-natural grasslands are an important but threatened habitat throughout Europe and much of the former area has been lost since the 1950s. However, in some countries large areas have been preserved and the demand for meadow recreation by sowing seed mixtures is increasing. In the White Carpathians Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) the use of commercial seed mixtures is undesirable and the use of regional mixtures has been investigated. The costs for seeding large areas are high and lower cost techniques are needed. In 1999 a field experiment was set up to investigate the establishment of hay meadow vegetation comparing sowing a regional mixture all over a plot with sowing narrow 2.5 In strips of regional seed mixtures into a matrix of a commercial grass mixture or into natural regeneration. The results after five seasons showed good establishment of the sown species in the meadow treatment. Spread of sown species from the sown strips into the surrounding matrix occurred but the cover of species was lower in the commercial grass matrix compared with the natural regeneration matrix. Colonisation of some plots by unsown desirable grassland species from adjacent grassland habitats also occurred, but more species colonised the natural regeneration matrix than the commercial grasses or the sown meadow matrix itself. Overall, the results indicate that, in appropriate situations, sown strips can provide a lower cost but slower and longer-term alternative to field scale sowing of regional seed mixtures for recreation of hay meadow vegetation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.