21 resultados para retain

em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland


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The Internet has developed itself as a major tool in marketing. With the advent of the Internet, online marketing has become the main marketing strategy used by most companies to promote their products. However, with the Internet, competition among companies has increased as each company has an opportunity to reach the same type of potential consumers through the Internet. This implies that for a company to attract and retain customers, it has to employ unique features in its website in order to make it stand out. This study was aimed at determining the features of a company’s website which can help to attract and retain customers. It was also meant to find out about the online marketing strategies that can be used to attract customers at the initial stage as well as find out on how companies engage their customers on their site. In this study, the qualitative method of research was used. Data collection was done using interviews. The interviewees were selected from marketing agencies in Finland

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Työssä käsitellään Helsingin Energian sähköasemaprojektoinnin kehittämistä. Helsingin kaupunkiolosuhteissa valmiiden ratkaisujen hyödyntäminen ei ole usein mahdollista, vaan asemat on suunniteltava itsenäisinä, erilaisina projekteina. Rakennettavat sähköasemat ovat suuria ja eri osien kilpailuttamisella saavutetaan taloudellista hyötyä. HelenEngineeringillä on mahdollisuus toimia haastavissa projekteissa konsulttimaisena projektinhoitajana. Kun sähköasemaprojektien tarve on jatkuva, Helsingin Energialla on syytä säilyttää oma sähköasemaprojektointiosaaminen. Työtä varten tehtiin haastattelututkimus sähköasemaprojekteja toteuttaville yrityksille ja perehdyttiin kahteen viimeisimpään Helsingin Energialla toteutettuun sähköasemaprojektiin, jotka olivat Viikinmäen 20 kV ja Suvilahden110 kV sähköasemien uusimiset. Näiden perusteella muodostettiin malli toteuttaasähköasemaprojekteja Helsingin Energialla. Malli sisältää muun muassa rungon projektivaiheistukselle, ositukselle, organisaatiokaaviolle, aikataululle ja näkökulmia sopimusten laadintaan. Mallin täysimittainen soveltaminen vaatii kuitenkinjatkuvaa, suunniteltua kehitystyötä. Myös mallia on kehitettävä jatkuvasti.

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Usean nykypäivän yrityksen tietojärjestelmäinfrastruktuuri on muotoutunut heterogeeniseksi ympäristöksi, jossa eri käyttöjärjestelmä- ja laitealustoilla toimii usean eri valmistajan toimittamia järjestelmiä. Heterogeenisen ympäristön hallitsemiseksi yritykseltä vaaditaan keskitettyä tietovarastoa, johon on tallennettu tietoa käytetystä järjestelmäympäristöstä sekä sen komponenteista. Tähän tarkoitukseen Microsoft toi markkinoille vuonna 1999 Active Directory 2000 -hakemistopalvelun. Heterogeenisessa ympäristössä käyttäjien autentikointi ja auktorisointi on erittäin vaativaa. Pahimmassa tapauksessa käyttäjällä voi olla kymmeniä käyttäjätunnus-salasana-yhdistelmiä yrityksen eri tietojärjestelmiin. Lisäksi jokaisessa tietojärjestelmässäon ylläpidettävä käyttäjäkohtaisia toimintavaltuuksia. Niin käyttäjän kuin ylläpitäjänkin näkökulmasta tällainen skenaario on painajainen. Tässä diplomityössä kartoitetaan mahdollisuuksia Oracle-tietokantojen käyttäjien autentikoinnin sekä auktorisoinnin keskittämiseksi Active Directory -hakemistopalveluun. Työssä tarkastellaan tarkoitukseen soveltuvia valmiita kaupallisia ratkaisuja sekä tutkitaan mahdollisuuksia oman ratkaisumallin toteuttamiseksi umpäristöstä löytyvien ohjelmointirajapintojen avulla.

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Matkapuhelinoperaattorit kohtaavat nykypäivänä yhä koventuvan kilpailun, jossa pitkäaikaisten asiakkaiden säilyttämisen merkitys korostuu. Pitkäaikaisten asiakkaiden säilyttäminen onkin usein avain taloudelliseen menestykseen. Operaattoreilla on pääpiirteittäin sanottuna kaksi tapaa säilyttää asiakkaansa. Ne voivat pyrkiä säilyttämään asiakkaansa nostamalla asiakkaantyytyväisyyttä tai lisäämällä vaihtokustannuksia. Vaihtokustannusten nostaminenei kuitenkaan ole yksinkertaista eikä pelkästään yrityksestä itsestään kiinni. Tästä johtuen järkevin tapa asiakkaiden säilyttämiseen on tyytyväisyystason nostaminen Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, mitä keinoja operaattorit käyttävät tällä hetkellä asiakkaiden sitouttamiseksi ja kuinka nykykäytäntöjä voisi parantaa. Keinoja asiakassitouttamisen parantamiseksi haetaan teoreettisen osan lisäksi asiakaskyselystä, lehdistökatsauksesta sekä operaattorin toimintatapakartoituksesta. Tutkimus toi esille sen, että kaikilla toimialoilla asiakastyytyväisyys ja uskollisuuteen eivät kulje käsikädessä. Myös asiakkaiden tarpeiden tarkempi tunteminen on tärkeää aloilla, joilla vaihtokustannukset ovat alhaiset tai jossain tapauksissa jopa negatiivisia. Myös palveluiden differoinnissa asiakkaiden mielipiteiden tunteminen on tärkeää. Asiakkaiden käyttäminen apuna tuotekehityksessä saattaa myös luoda ratkaisevan kilpailuedun.

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The objective of this study was to resolve how a privately owned health club can retain their existing customers. It was also resolved why there is a need for customer retention in general, and what the constructs leading to retention are. In addition, the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer retention was studied and discussed.

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Tutkielman tavoitteena oli tutkia, miten päivittäistavarakaupan rahahuoltoa voidaan tehostaa ja samalla ottaa huomioon yritysasiakkaiden tarpeet. Tutkielman teoriaosan lähdeaineistona käytettiin lähinnä asiakkaiden tarpeita, palvelun laatua, asiakastyytyväisyyttä, asiakassuhteita, prosesseja sekä palveluiden tuottavuutta käsitteleviä tieteellisiä tutkimuksia, kirjallisuutta ja artikkeleita. Tutkimuksen lähestymistapa on kuvaileva eli deskriptiivinen ja tutkimusmenetelmä kvalitatiivinen ja kvantitatiivinen. Empiirisessä osassa tavoitetta lähestyttiin tutkimalla alustavien teemahaastattelujen avulla Nordean päivittäistavarakaupan toimialaan kuuluvien yritysasiakkaiden rahahuoltotarpeita ja yrityksille tärkeitä tyytyväisyystekijöitä. Päätutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin kvantitatiivista kysely-tutkimusta kyseiselle kohderyhmälle. Kysymyslomake laadittiin tutkielman teorian ja esihaastattelujen pohjalta. Tutkimusaineistoa analysoitiin SPSS for Windows –tilasto-ohjelmalla. Empiirisessä tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että vastaajien kokonaistyytyväisyys Nordean rahahuoltopalveluihin oli melko hyvä. Sen sijaan palvelun laatua ei koettu hyvänä, sillä yritysten odotukset palvelujen laatu-ulottuvuuksista ja palveluun liittyvistä tekijöistä olivat korkeammat kuin heidän kokemuksensa niistä. Tämä synnytti laatukuiluja (esim. palvelujen hyvä hinta-laatu-suhde, niiden selkeä hinnoittelu ja sopimusten selkeys). Rahahuoltopalvelut vastaavat parhaiten niiden yritysten tarpeita, jotka käyttävät palveluita. Tärkeimpänä tilityksiin kohdistuvana tekijänä pidettiin rahojen hyvittämistä nopeasti tilille. Rahahuollosta vastaavan pankin valintaan vaikuttaa eniten rahahuoltopalvelujen keskittäminen muiden raha-asioiden kanssa samaan pankkiin. Pankin rahahuoltopalvelujen tehostamiseksi suunnittelemat toimenpiteet ja yritysten mielipiteet niistä eroavat toisistaan. Pankin tuleekin ottaa yritysten rahahuoltotarpeet huomioon parantaessaan sisäistä kustannustehokkuutta ja tehostaessaan rahahuoltoprosessia. Asiakkaiden tyytyväisyys täytyy säilyttää ja ohjeistaa asiakkaat toimimaan rahahuollon osalta tehokkaasti ja järkevästi.

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Adolescence is an important time for acquiring high peak bone mass. Physical activity is known to be beneficial to bone development. The effect of estrogen-progestin contraceptives (EPC) is still controversial. Altogether 142 (52 gymnasts, 46 runners, and 42 controls) adolescent women participated in this study, which is based on two 7-year (n =142), one 6-year (n =140) and one 4-year (n =122) follow-ups. Information on physical activity, menstrual history, sexual maturation, nutrition, living habits and health status was obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) of lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were measured by dual- energy X-ray absoptiometry. Calcaneal sonographic measurements were also made. The physical activity of the athletes participating in this study decreased after 3-year follow-up. High-impact exercise was beneficial to bones. LS and FN BMC was higher in gymnasts than in controls during the follow-up. Reduction in physical activity had negative effects on bone mass. LS and FN BMC increased less in the group having reduced their physical activity more than 50%, compared with those continuing at the previous level (1.69 g, p=0.021; 0.14 g, p=0.015, respectively). The amount of physical activity was the only significant parameter accounting for the calcaneal sonography measurements at 6-year follow-up (11.3%) and reduced activity level was associated with lower sonographic values. Long-term low-dose EPC use seemed to prevent normal bone mass acquisition. There was a significant trend towards a smaller increase in LS and FN BMC among long-term EPC users. In conclusion, this study confirms that high-impact exercise is beneficial to bones and that the benefits are partly maintained even after a clear reduction in training level at least for 4 years. Continued exercise is needed to retain all acquired benefits. The bone mass gained and maintained can possibly be maximized in adolescence by implementing high-impact exercise for youngsters. The peak bone mass of the young women participating in the study may be reached before the age of 20. Use of low-dose EPCs seems to suppress normal bone mass acquisition.

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Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkastellaan henkilöstöresurssien organisointia suuren alusöljyvahingon torjuntatilanteessa. Tavoitteena on suunnitella Suomenlahden rannikon öljyntorjunnasta vastaavien viranomaisten käyttöön optimaalinen rekrytointistrategia pahimman todennäköisen alusöljyvahingon varalle. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään myös millainen työsopimus öljyntorjuntatyöntekijöiden kanssa voidaan sopia. Näiden lisäksi etsitään vastausta siihen,kuinka työvoima saadaan pidettyä. Tämän laadullisen tutkimuksen teoreettinen osuus toteutettiin kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto kerättiin haastattelemalla yhdeksää asiantuntijaa syksyn 2009 aikana. Haastattelut olivat muodoltaan puolistrukturoituja teemahaastatteluja. Tutkimustulosten mukaan merkittävin lisätyövoiman tarve ilmenee käsin tehtävässä rantapuhdistustyössä. Etenkin puhdistustyön pitkittyessä pelastusviranomaiset tarvitsevat avukseen ulkopuolista työvoimaa. Rekrytointi suoritetaan muutamien viikkojen kuluessa öljyvahingon aiheutumisen jälkeen. Alueellinen pelastuslaitos suorittaa rekrytoinnin käyttäen tehokkaita, laajan kohderyhmän tavoittavia rekrytointiviestinnän välineitä (esim. sanomalehdet, TV ja Internet). Työntekijöiden kanssa sovitaan määräaikainen, Kunnallista virkaja työehtosopimusta noudattava työsopimus. Tärkeimpinä puhdistustyöntekijöitä motivoivina tekijöinä nähdään työn merkitys yhteiskunnalle, selkeästi määritelty, saavutettavissa oleva tavoite sekä palaute tehdystä työstä.

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Diplomityön tavoitteena oli määritellä juuri perustetulle yritykselle liiketoimintastrategia, josta yritys saisi ylivertaista kilpailuetua toimialallaan. Perinteiset liiketoimintastrategiat perustuvat sodankäyntiin, ja niiden tarkoitus on määritellä keinot, joilla taistella toimialan muita yrityksiä vastaan. Perinteisesti toimialan koko on etukäteen määritelty, ja yritykset taistelevat osuudestaan tästä. Oletuksena on, että yhden yrityksen kasvattaessa osuuttaan, toinen/toiset menettävät sitä. Vaihtoehtoisella strategialla voidaan päästä tämän kilpailun ulkopuolelle. Tässä työssä on tarkasteltu tämän päivän liiketoiminta- ja markkinointistrategioita ja niiden kehityksen suuntia kilpailukyvyn säilyttämiseksi myös tulevaisuudessa. Tarkastelluista strategioista on rakennettu perustetulle yritykselle strategia, jolla uskotaan saavutettavan ylivertainen ja jäljittelemätön asema omalla toimialalla.

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Companies invest in employer branding in order to get good applicants, retain employees and create the image of a great employer. Employer branding will become more prominent in the future because companies strive to gain competitive advantage. Power industry is an internationally remarkable field of business. Energy and the solutions of power technology are always needed and there is a major need for new experts in power industry. The competition of talented workforce will increase because of the decrease in working-age population. The fundamental purpose of this study is to examine what kind of motives and practices company has for employer branding in power industry. The objective is to find out the benefits of employer branding and how it is targeted towards potential and current employees. In addition, the aim is to examine whether companies see employer branding as a process and what kind of processes they have for employer branding. The theoretical contribution of this study is based on literature review, which provides a better understanding of employer branding. The empirical part is a qualitative case study of two large and international companies in the field of power industry. Employer branding in the case companies is examined using theme interviews. According to this study, employer branding is a significant part of companies’ business in power industry. The main motives for employer branding are better employer image, more efficient recruitment and improved job satisfaction. Employer branding is communicated and targeted according to target group. Recruitment and educational co-operation are the main objects of employer branding towards potential employees, whereas training and development are an essential part of employer branding towards current employees. This study also discovers that there is some kind of process aspect in the background of employer branding.

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The objective of this thesis was to examine the potential of multi-axis solutions in packaging machines produced in Europe. The definition of a multi-axis solution in this study is a construction that uses a common DC bus power supply for different amplifiers running the axes and the intelligence is centralized into one unit. The cost structure of a packaging machine was gained from an automation research, which divided the machines according to automation categories. The automation categories were then further divided into different sub-components by evaluating the ratio of multi-axis solutions compared to other automation components in packaging machines. A global motion control study was used for further information. With the help of the ratio, an estimation of the potential of multi-axis solutions in each country and packaging machine sector was completed. In addition to the research, a specific questionnaire was sent to five companies to gain information about the present situation and possible trends in packaging machinery. The greatest potential markets are in Germany and Italy, which are also the largest producers of packaging machinery in Europe. The greatest growth in the next few years will be seen in Turkey where the annual growth rate equals the general machinery production rate in Asia. The greatest market potential of the Nordic countries is found in Sweden in 35th position on the list. According to the interviews, motion control products in packaging machines will retain their current power levels, as well as the number of axes in the future. Integrated machine safety features together with a universal programming language are the desired attributes of the future. Unlike generally in industry, the energy saving objectives are and will remain insignificant in the packaging industry.

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Multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) designs utilize the available technology and communication architectures to meet the requirements of the upcoming applications. In MPSoC, the communication platform is both the key enabler, as well as the key differentiator for realizing efficient MPSoCs. It provides product differentiation to meet a diverse, multi-dimensional set of design constraints, including performance, power, energy, reconfigurability, scalability, cost, reliability and time-to-market. The communication resources of a single interconnection platform cannot be fully utilized by all kind of applications, such as the availability of higher communication bandwidth for computation but not data intensive applications is often unfeasible in the practical implementation. This thesis aims to perform the architecture-level design space exploration towards efficient and scalable resource utilization for MPSoC communication architecture. In order to meet the performance requirements within the design constraints, careful selection of MPSoC communication platform, resource aware partitioning and mapping of the application play important role. To enhance the utilization of communication resources, variety of techniques such as resource sharing, multicast to avoid re-transmission of identical data, and adaptive routing can be used. For implementation, these techniques should be customized according to the platform architecture. To address the resource utilization of MPSoC communication platforms, variety of architectures with different design parameters and performance levels, namely Segmented bus (SegBus), Network-on-Chip (NoC) and Three-Dimensional NoC (3D-NoC), are selected. Average packet latency and power consumption are the evaluation parameters for the proposed techniques. In conventional computing architectures, fault on a component makes the connected fault-free components inoperative. Resource sharing approach can utilize the fault-free components to retain the system performance by reducing the impact of faults. Design space exploration also guides to narrow down the selection of MPSoC architecture, which can meet the performance requirements with design constraints.

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The purpose of this study was to examine and expand understanding concerning young Finnish registered nurses (RN) with an intention to leave the profession and the related variables, specifically when that intention has emerged before the age of 30. The overall goal of the study was to develop a conceptual model in relation to young RNs’ intention to leave the profession. Suggestions for policymakers, nurse leaders and nurse managers are presented for how to retain more young RNs in the nursing workforce. Suggestions for future nursing research are also provided. Phase I consists of two sequential integrative literature reviews of 75 empirical articles concerning nurses’ intention to leave the profession. In phase II, data had been collected as part of the Nurses’ Early Exit (NEXT) study, using the BQ-12 structured postal questionnaire. A total of 147 young RNs participated in the study. The data were analysed with statistical methods. In phase III, firstly, an in-depth interpretive case study was conducted in order to understand how young RNs explain and make sense of their intention to leave the profession. The data in this study consisted of longitudinal career stories by three young RNs. The data was analysed by using narrative holistic-content and thematic methods. Secondly, a total of 15 young RNs were interviewed in order to explore in-depth their experiences concerning organizational turnover and their intent to leave the profession. The data was analysed using conventional content analysis. Based on earlier research, empirical research on the young RNs intention to leave the profession is scarce. Nurses’ intention to leave the profession has mainly been studied with quantitative descriptive studies, conducted with survey questionnaires. Furthermore, the quality of previous studies varies considerably. Moreover, nurses’ intention to leave the profession seems to be driven by a number of variables. According to the survey study, 26% of young RNs had often considered giving up nursing completely and starting a different kind of job during the course of the previous year. Many different variables were associated with an intention to leave the profession (e.g. personal burnout, job dissatisfaction). According to the in-depth inquiries, poor nursing practice environments and a nursing career as a ‘second-best’ or serendipitous career choice were themes associated with young RNs’ intention to leave the profession. In summary, young RNs intention to leave the profession is a complex phenomenon with multiple associated variables. These findings suggest that policymakers, nurse leaders and nurse managers should enable improvements in nursing practice environments in order to retain more young RNs. These improvements can include, for example, adequate staffing levels, balanced nursing workloads, measures to reduce work-related stress as well as possibilities for advancement and development. Young RNs’ requirements to provide high-quality and ethical nursing care must be recognized in society and health-care organizations. Moreover, sufficient mentoring and orientation programmes should be provided for all graduate RNs. Future research is needed into whether the motive for choosing a nursing career affects the length of the tenure in the profession. Both quantitative and in-depth research is needed for the comprehensive development of nursing-turnover research.

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic polymers is likely to become one of the key technologies enabling industrial production of liquid biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. Certain types of enzymes are able to hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose polymers to shorter units and finally to sugar monomers. These monomeric sugars are environmentally acceptable carbon sources for the production of liquid biofuels, such as bioethanol, and other chemicals, such as organic acids. Liquid biofuels in particular have been shown to contribute to the reduction of net emissions of greenhouse gases. The solid residue of enzymatic hydrolysis is composed mainly of lignin and partially degraded fibers, while the liquid phase contains the produced sugars. It is usually necessary to separate these two phases at some point after the hydrolysis stage. Pressure filtration is an efficient technique for this separation. Solid-liquid separation of biomass suspensions is difficult, because biomass solids are able to retain high amounts of water, which cannot be readily liberated by mechanical separation techniques. Most importantly, the filter cakes formed from biomaterials are compressible, which ultimately means that the separation may not be much improved by increasing the filtration pressure. The use of filter aids can therefore facilitate the filtration significantly. On the other hand, the upstream process conditions have a major influence on the filtration process. This thesis investigates how enzymatic hydrolysis and related process conditions affect the filtration properties of a cardboard suspension. The experimental work consists of pressure filtration and characterization of hydrolysates. The study provides novel information about both issues, as the relationship between enzymatic hydrolysis conditions and subsequent filtration properties has so far not been considered in academic studies. The results of the work reveal that the final degree of hydrolysis is an important factor in the filtration stage. High hydrolysis yield generally increases the average specific cake resistance. Mixing during the hydrolysis stage resulted in undefined changes in the physical properties of the solid residue, causing a high filtration resistance when the mixing intensity was high. Theoretical processing of the mixing data led to an interesting observation: the average specific cake resistance was observed to be linearly proportional to the mixer shear stress. Another finding worth attention is that the size distributions of the solids did not change very dramatically during enzymatic hydrolysis. There was an observable size reduction during the first couple of hours, but after that the size reduction was minimal. Similarly, the size distribution of the suspended solids remained almost constant when the hydrolyzed suspension was subjected to intensive mixing. It was also found that the average specific cake resistance was successfully reduced by the use of filter aids. This reduction depended on the method of how the filter aids were applied. In order to obtain high filtration capacity, it is recommended to use the body feed mode, i.e. to mix the filter aid with the slurry prior to filtration. Regarding the quality of the filtrate, precoat filtration was observed to produce a clear filtrate with negligible suspended solids content, while the body feed filtrates were turbid, irrespective of which type of filter aid was used.