171 resultados para Didymos, ho Areios.
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本文合成了Ln(DMD)_3 (Ln = La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Ho, Yb, Lu, Y), Ln(DEP)_3 (Ln = La, Sm, Eu, Ho, Yb), Ln (DBP)_3 (Ln = La, Eu, Yb), Ln(BBP)_3 (Ln = La, Eu, Yb), Ln(DEHP)_3 (Ln = La, Ce,..., Lu, Y), Ln(EH[EHP])_3 (Ln = La, Ce,..., Lu, Y), 其中Ln(DMP)_3, Ln(DEP)_3, Ln (DBP)_3, Ln(BBP)_3为本文首次合成。培养出了未见文献报导的Pr(DMP)_3, La(DMP)_3·TMP配合物的单晶,晶体结构表明,Pr(DMP)_3中Pr原子的配位数为6, 配位多面体为稍扭曲的正八面体,配体以“O-P-O”桥和稀土离子配位而形成奇特的“双桥二十四环”的环套环的网状结构。La(DMP)_3·TMP中,La的配位数为7,配位多面体为扭曲的单帽三棱柱,配合物中中性磷酸酯TMP以P=0中的O与La配位,酸性配体以“O-P-O”桥的形式和La配位而形成奇特的“交替二—四桥”的链状结构。这两种配位方式及结构是文献中未报导过的。对配合物进行了热分析,根据热失重百分数并结合残渣的红外光谱证实,最终的分解产物为稀土偏酸盐。研究了配合物在4000-100cm~(-1)范围内的FTS-IR光谱和1500-50cm~(-1)范围内的拉曼光谱,对其主要的振动谱带进行了归属。其中150cm~(-1)附近的“稀土敏感带”指认为Ln-O配位键的伸缩振动带(νLn-O)。我们还指认了与配位密切相关的PO_2基团的ν_(as)PO_2带为1200-1136cm~(-1),ν_sPO_2带为1126- 1064cm~(-1)。同时对Ln(DRP)_3配合物的ν_(as)PO_2(c), ν_sPO_2(c), νc-o-(p)异相,νc-o-(p)同相,νc-o-(o),δPO_2等的振动带以及Ln(RRP)_3配合物中νp-o-(c), νp-c, νc-c-(o), νc-c-(p), δPO_2等的振动带进行了相应的指认。νLn-o频率较低,力常数(约为0.2mDyn/A)较小,所以Ln-o键基本上为离子键,配合物Δν值(Δν = ν_(as)PO_2 - ν_sPO_2)远小于Na盐中的Δν值,Ln-O键具有部分共价性质且随“镧系收缩”Ln-O键共价成分增大。通过对Ln(DRP)_3类配合物振动光谱的研究,Ln(DRP)_3配合物具有和Pr(DMP)_3单晶相似的配位形式和结构类型。Ln(RRP)_3的振动光谱和Ln(EH[EHP])_3的快原子轰击质谱结果, Ln(RRP)_3类配合物具有与Pr(DMP)_3相类似的确配位形式和结构类型。利用配合物的结构,对HDEHP和HEH[EHP]萃取稀土离子的萃取机理给予解释和说明。
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本论文合成了R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (R = La、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dr、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb)、Y_2Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (x = 0.10~1.17)和Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)S_x (x = 0~2),并对磁性和超导电性进行了较为系统的研究。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的磁化率在T > Tc的很宽的温度范围内服从Curic-Weiss定律,求得的有效磁矩略大于理论值,差值与Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Cu~(2+)磁矩相近,说明Cu~(2+)的磁矩对体系磁性有额外贡献,这贡献随R~(3+)离子中自旋平行的电子权的增多而增大。其高温下的磁化率CT > 700K)相对Curic-Weiss定律发生较大偏离,这偏离可能的来源有三个:高温下稀土离子发生较大的能级反转效应,高温下结构相变对磁性的影响,高温下氧含量减少造成Cu~(2+)磁矩增大。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)磁化率在T < Tc时也服从Curic-Weiss定律,R~(3+)磁矩是定域的,表明超导与磁性相互独立。互不相关,稀土磁矩与传导电子间无相互作用。用Sr取代R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中的Ba,没能使体系产生磁有序的变化,但却使有效磁矩增大,并完全破坏了样品的超导电性。Sm~(3+)磁化率不服从Curic-Weiss定律,在Sm_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Sm~(3+)显示了典型Van VlccK离子的特性。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)随氧含量减少发生超导体一半导体一绝缘体的转化,当氧含量由6.90减小至6.49时发生由正交到四方的结构相变。当(7-x) = 5.83时有较多杂质相出现,123相开始分解。样品磁化率均服从Curic-Weiss定律,并随氧含量增大磁化率-温度曲线越来越趋于平缓(直线),当(7-x) = 6.90时磁化率基本不随温度变化,这时Pauli顺磁性占主导地位,这说明氧含量增加定域磁矩减少,求得的有效磁矩Peff随氧含量增大总趋势减小。提出了电子“巡游”的观点,较好地解释了上述现象,并推测出Cu(2)的d电子是离域的,对样品磁矩没有贡献,样品Peff来源于部分Cu(1)的定域Cu~(2+)的磁矩,上述推测被EPR结果证实。正交相Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR谱显示了中心对称成准立方晶场中Cu~(2+)(d~9, S = 1/2, I = 3/2)的EPR物性。而四方相样品的EPR谱却出现了明显的各向异性,说明观察到的为Cu(1)的EPR信号,由Cu(1)~(2+)的写域磁矩产生。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR信号束源于本体相,而非Y_2Cu_2O_5、BaCuO_2、Y_2BaCuO_5等杂质相。各样品EPR信号的自旋浓度远小于1spin/cu,并随氧含量减小而增大,当(7-x) = 6.49、6.40时自旋浓度出现陡增,这时伴随由正交到四方的转化,证明了电子“巡游”观点的正确。用硫部分取代Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_2g中的氧,当Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)Sx中x = 0.11时Tc = 92.6K,比Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)升高2K,但由于杂质相的存在,ΔTc加宽。其他样品多为半导体和绝缘体。硫取代0,当x = 0.04,0.06,0.11和1.20时磁化率服从Curic-Weiss定律,并且x = 0.87,1.2时分别在230K、240K出现反铁磁有序。其他样品由于Cu被还原为+1价而变成抗磁性。x = 0.11 (Tc = 92.6K),EPR谱为正交场中Cu~(2+)的信号。自旋浓度与温度无关。当所有Cu均为Cu~(1+)时,测问的是-s-的EPR信号,而Cu为混合价态(+1和+2时)测问是上述两种信号的叠加。
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本文合成了LnBa_2Cu_(3(1-x))Ag_xO_(7-δ) (x = 0.1,0.3,0.5, Cu = Y,Dy,Ho,Er,Gd) YBa_(2(1-x))Cu_3Ag_xO_(7-δ) (x = 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6); Y_(1-x)Ag_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) (x = 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5); YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_x (x = 0.2~2.0), CuBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_x (x = 0.5,1.0, Cu = Dy,Ho,Er)及与之对照的空白样品等一系列超导稀土复合氧化物,对它们的结构、电学性质、Ag的存在状态及Ag的加入方式进行了研究。对这方面的研究目前仍无全面系统的报道。对CuBa_2Cu_(3(1-x))Ag_xO_(7-δ)的研究表明Ag并未取代Cu的格位,少量的Ag加入(x<0.1)就使结构发生破坏,当x>0.1时样品即失去超导性,对光加Ag的YBa_(2(1-x))Cu_3Ag_(2x)Cu_3O_(7-δ)的研究表明,当x<0.6时仍为90k左右的超导体,Ag没有取代Ba的格位,Ag的加入使杂相比例加大,Ag的加入改善了样品晶粒间的弱连接状况,使电流密度明显提高,Ag以单质及复合物形式存在于样品之中。后加Ag方式对结构、电性、无影响没有提高Jc。对光加Ag的Y_(1-x)Ag_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的研究表明,x<0.5时样品仍为90k左右超导体,Ag的加入使杂相比例减少,Ag部分以单质及与13a、Cu形成对改善弱连接状有益的复合场的形式存在,部分进入晶格可能占据了Y的格位使C轴变长。Ag的加入改善了样品晶粒间的弱连接状况,从而使Jc大幅度提高,当x=0.1时Jc = 362 A/cm~2,后加Ag的方式对结构、电性、无影响没有提高Jc。对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_x的研究表明,加Ag的样品的Jc比不加Ag样品的Jc明显加大,随着Ag量的加大Jc增加,当x=1时Jc最大,当Ag量大于2.0mol时将有大量Ag析出,Ag的加入不影响超导正交结构,部分Ag进入了晶格可能占据了Y的格位,C轴增长,部分以单质及复合物的形式存在,Ag的加入不影响样品的临界温度,使样品电阻降低,电镜分析表明,Ag的加入改善了样品晶粒间的连接状况。CuBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_x与上面体子有相同的性质,在加入1mol Ag得到,Jc:DyBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_(1.0) 113A/cm~2;HoBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_(1.0) 164 A/cm~2 ErBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_(1.0) 177A/cm~2的样品。样品加Ag后密度明显加大,最大可达6.321克/cm~3,硬度也加大具有良好的机械性能。针对在YBaCu_3O_(7-δ)样品中添加Ag,可以做为一种大幅度提高Jc的途径的特点,进行了各种工艺探索,到目前为止,合成出了临界电流密度为570 A/cm~2的样品。
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本论文包括两部分内容。第一部分为“Cu(III)及相关化合物的合成和性质的研究”;第二部分为“稀土复合氟化物的电性、氧敏和氢敏性质”。第一部分的主要内容有:1.制备了Na_4H[Cu(H_2TeO_6)_2]·17H_2O和Na_4K[Cu(HIO_6)_2]·12H_2O的Cu(III)单晶配合物。2.在比较相应的Cu(II)化合物的条件下,详细地研究了这二个Cu(III)配合物的电子光谱和Cu2p光电子能谱,由于价态升高,场强参数增大,Cu(III)化合物的d-d跃迁相对于Cu(II)化合物d-d跃迁,发生“蓝移”。3.成功地实现了用O_3和电化学方法对强碱溶液中Cu(II)配合物的氧化,获得了二个新的Cu(III)固态配合物Ba_4K[Cu(H_2TeO_6)_2] (OH)_4·6H_2O和Ba_3K[Cu(HIO_6)_2] (KOH)_(0.5)(OH)_2·8H_2O利用化学分析、磁学性质、电子光谱和Cu2p XPS,对这二个化合物进行了表征。4.对BaCuO_(2.5)的合成、电学性质、磁学性质、Cu(III) ESR和Cu2p XPS进行了研究。5.以Na_4K[Cu(HIO_6)_2]·12H_2O和BaCuO_(2.5)为参照物,用电子光谱和Cu2p XPS,确认了YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-5)中的高价态的铜。6.考察了以Cu(III)化合物作为Cu部分原料所合成的YBCO系超导材料的电学性质。第二部分的主要内容有:1.测试了元件“BiF_3(Bi)/Ce_(0.95)Ca_(0.05)F_(2.95)/Pt”的氧敏、氢敏等性能。从室温到130 ℃,元件的氧敏机理为“双电子反应”,电动势(EMF)与氧分压遵循Nernst关系式。室温时,元件对空气中100Pa或1000Pa氢气的响应时间仅为15秒或短于5秒;氢分压在16Pa~1000Pa范围内,EMF与氢分压的对数呈线性关系,斜率为-116mV/decade, 敏感机理表现为“混合电极电势”。元件具有良好的氢敏性能,并有一定的选择性。2.合成并测试了La_(1-x)Pb_xF_(3-x)(X = 0.00 ~ 0.15)的电导率,La_(0.95)Pb_(0.05)F_(2.95)的电导率最高,比LaF_3高约一个数量级。以La_(0.95)Pb_(0.05)F_(2.95)为固体电解质材料,Pd或Pt为敏感电极,BiF_3(Bi)或PbF_2(Pb)为参比电极,制成了四个元件。其中,“BiF_3(Bi)/La_(0.95)Pb_(0.05)F_(2.95)/Pt”具有最好的氧敏、氢敏性能。从室温到150 ℃,元件的EMF与1gPo_2附合Nernst关系式。150 ℃时,元件对氧气的响应时间仅为80秒。室温下,元件对空气中100Pa或1000Pa氢气的响应时间仅为75秒或15秒,元件的电动势EMF与氢分压的关系可表示为“E=E_o-96lgP_(H2)(mV)”。元件对CO有较差的敏感性能,而对空气中甲烷、乙烷或乙炔(≤1000Pa)不具敏感性能。3.合成并测试了Ln_(1-x)Pb_xF_(3-x)(Ln=Ce、Pr、Nd和Gd、Dy、Ho、Yb)的电性。前四个系列为离子导体材料,后三个系列可能为P型半导体。随着Ln原子序数增大,LnF_3导电性能变差;La~(3+)、Ce~(3+)、Pr~(3+)、Nd~(3+)与Pb~(2+)离子半径差异较小,LnF_3和PbF_2可以形成固溶体;而Gd~(3+)、Dy~(3+)、Ho~(3+)、Yb~(3+)与Pb~(2+)离子半径差异较大,LnF_3和PbF_2难以形成固溶体。
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本文研究了酸性磷(膦)类萃取剂:二(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸(C272)、仲丁基膦酸2-丁基辛基酯(J040)、仲已基膦酸2-丁基辛基酯(J043)对三价稀土离子的萃取及分离性能,测定了相邻元素间在不同pH范围内的平均分离系数,讨论了C272、J040、J043萃取Sc(III)、Er(III)、Ta(III)、Ho(III)的机理,合成了J040与La(III)、Ho(III)、Y(III)、Er(III)、Cd(III)、Pb(III)的固体配合物,并对其结构进行了表征。本文还以2-乙基乙基膦酸单2-乙基已基酯(P507)为萃取剂,利用分馏串级萃取,进行了低损耗红外光纤原料的提纯研究。一、不同结构的酸性磷(膦)酸酯对三价稀土离子的萃取。二、不同结构酸性磷(膦)酸酯萃取Er(III)、Tr(III)、Ho(III)、Sc(III)的机理。本实验还考察了平衡水相酸度对萃取平衡的影响,由酸度曲线求出了一些元素对间在不同pH范围内的平均分离系数;根据萃取剂浓度对萃取平衡的影响结果分别求出了各萃取平衡反应的浓度平衡常数;研究了温度对萃取平衡的影响,由此求出了萃取平衡反应的热力学函数。对C272,还考察了萃取分配比随原子序数的变化规律。结果表明具有明显的四分组效应。
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The interfacial reactions between thin films of cobalt and silicon and (100)-oriented GaAs substrates in two configurations, Co/Si/GaAs and Si/Co/GaAs, were studied using a variety of techniques including Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The annealing conditions were 200, 300, 400, 600-degrees-C for 30 min, and rapid thermal annealing for 15 s. It was found that Si layer in the Co/Si/GaAs system acts as a barrier at the interface between Co and GaAs when annealed up to 600-degrees-C. The interfacial reaction between Co and Si is faster than that between Co and GaAs in the system of Si/Co/GaAs. The sequence of compound formation for the two metallizations studied (Co/Si/GaAs and Si/Co/GaAs) depends strongly on the sample configuration as well as the layer thickness of Si and Co (Co/Si atomic ratio). From our results, it is promising to utilize Co/Si/GaAs multilayer film structure to make a CoSi2/GaAs contact, and this CoSi2 may offer an alternative to the commonly used W silicides as improved gate metallurgies in self-aligned metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) technologies.
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Alternating layers of Si(200 angstrom thick) and Ce(200 angstrom thick) up to 26 layers altogether were deposited by electron evaporation under ultrahigh vacuum conditions on Si(100) substrate held at 150-degrees-C. Isothermal, rapid thermal annealing has been used to react these Ce-Si multilayer films. A variety of analytical techniques has been used to study these multilayer films after annealing, and among these are Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering, X-ray diffraction, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Intermixing of these thin Ce-Si multilayer films has occurred at temperatures as low as 150-degrees-C for 2 h, when annealed. Increasing the annealing temperature from 150 to 400-degrees-C for 1 h, CeSi2 forms gradually and the completion of reaction occurs at approximately 300-400-degrees-C. During the formation of CeSi2 from 150-400-degrees-C, there is some evidence for small grains in the selected area diffraction patterns, indicating that CeSi2 crystallites were present in some regions. However, we have no conclusive evidence for the formation of epitaxial CeSi2 layers, only polycrystals were formed when reacted in the solid phase even after rapid thermal anneal at 900-degrees-C for 10 s. The formation mechanism has also been discussed in combining the results of the La-Si system.
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Photoluminescence studies on porous silicon show that there are luminescence centers present in the surface states. By taking photoluminescence spectra of porous silicon with respect to temperature, a distinct peak can be observed in the temperature range 100-150 K. Both linear and nonlinear relationships were observed between excitation laser power and the photoluminescence intensity within this temperature range. In addition, there was a tendency for the photoluminescence peak to red shift at low temperature as well as at low excitation power. This is interpreted as indicating that the lower energy transition becomes dominant at low temperature and excitation power. The presence of these luminescence centers can be explained in terms of porous silicon as a mixture of silicon clusters and wires in which quantum confinement along with surface passivation would cause a mixing of Gamma and X band structure between the surface states and the bulk. This mixing would allow the formation of luminescence centers.
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于2010-11-23批量导入
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对尿素进行包膜是控制尿素溶出的有效措施,但尿素包膜不能控制尿素溶出后的土壤生物化学转化行为。为了既控制尿素的溶出行为又控制溶出后尿素的水解或水解生成NH4+的硝化过程,本研究利用流化床喷涂技术将脉酶抑制剂氢醒(HQ)和硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)分别加入聚合物包膜尿素内。包膜层的化学组成和通透性抉定性地影响着尿素和抑制剂的溶出特征。尿素从聚合物包膜内溶出过程可分成4个阶段:滞后阶段、溶胀阶段、稳定阶段和衰退阶段。在土壤中,HQ和DCD从包膜内溶出的速度快于尿素。尿素和HQ的同时缓慢溶出使尿素的水解过程比较平缓,有效避免了尿素在土壤中迅速水解所造成的土壤NH4+-N激增和土壤pH剧烈增加现象,使尿素氮的NH3挥发损失大幅度降低。DCD和尿素的同时控制溶出减小了DCD淋失的可能性,延长并增强了DCD对土壤硝化作用的抑制效果,并显著降低了土壤NO3-的淋失。水稻盆栽试验、小麦一白菜复种微区试验和玉米田间小区试验的结果表明,包膜尿素中添加DCD表现出了较高的肥效。施用添加DCD的包膜尿素明显增加了土壤NH4+-N的供应,增加了作物的N累积吸收量,并且使白菜产量显著增加了31.3%(与尿素分施相比)。尽管在包膜尿素中添加HO明显降低了土壤NH3挥发损失的可能性,但施用添加HQ的包膜尿素处理仅获得了与尿素分施处理相当的作物生物性状、N累积吸收量和产量。