Indole and carbazole alkaloids from Glycosmis montana with weak anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities

A diprenylated indole, (E)-3-(3-hydroxymethyl-2-butenyl)-7-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-indole (1), and six known carbazole alkaloids were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Glycosmis montana Pierre (Rutaceae). Their structures were determined on the basis of analysis of spectral evidence including 1D and 2D NMR and MS. The alkaloids (1-3) exhibited weak to moderate take in vitro inhibitory activity against HIV replication in C8166 cells, and they (as well as carbalexine A and B) had cytotoxic activity against the human leukaemia cell line CCRF-CEM. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Przewalskin A: A new C-23 terpenoid with a 6/6/7 carbon ring skeleton from Salvia przewalskii maxim

Przewalskin A (1), a novel C-23 terpenoid with a 6/6/7 carbon ring skeleton, was isolated from Salvia przewalskii. Its structure was determined by comprehensive 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and MS spectroscopic analysis and subsequently confirmed by a single-crystal X

Sphenalactones A-D, a new class of highly oxygenated trinortriterpenoids from Schisandra sphenanthera

Four novel highly oxygenated trinortriterpenoids, sphenalactones A-D (1-4), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra sphenanthera and their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1-4 featured a C-27

Nortriterpenoids and lignans from Schisandra sphenanthera

Nortriterpenoids, sphenadilactone C (1) and sphenasin A (2), together with four known lignans (3-6), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra sphenanthera. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Schisandra wilsoniana and Their Anti-HIV-1 Activities

Twelve new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, marlignans A-L (1-12), together with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra wilsoniana. The structures of 1-12 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1-12 were evaluated for their anti-HIV activities, of which compounds 3, 6, 8, and 12 showed modest activities with therapeutic index values of 13.2, 15.6, 17.6, and 16.4, respectively.

Chemical Constituents from the Leaves and Stems of Schisandra lancifolia

A new nortriterpenoid, 20-hydroxymicrandilactone D (1) and a novel lignan glycoside, lancilignanside A (2) were isolated from leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia, together with three known nortriterpenoids (3-5) and nine known phenolics (6-14). The structures of new compounds 1 and 2 were determined by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical evidences. In addition, compounds 1-2, 6-7, and 9-11 showed anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 activities with 50% effective concentration (EC50) in the range of 3.0-99.0 mu g/ml. Compound 12 was not bioactive in this assay with EC50 more than 200 mu g/ml.

Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Lignans from the Fruits of Schisandra rubriflora

This study investigated the 70% aqueous acetone extract of the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora which led to the isolation of eight lignans, including a new isolate, rubrisandrin C (1), and seven known lignans (2-8). The structure of 1 was established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and its absolute stereochemistry was determined by CD spectrum. Compounds 1-5 and 7-8 were evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activity that showed inhibitory activity on HIV-1(IIIB) induced syncytium formation with EC50 values in the range of 2.26 similar to 20.4 mu g/mL. Compounds 1 and 7 exerted their obvious protection of HIV-1(IIIB) inducted MT-4 host cells lytic effects with a selectivity index of 15.4 and 24.6, respectively.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Schisandra lancifolia and Their Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Activities

Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, schilancifolignans A-C (1-3), together with thirteen known ones, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandru lancifolia. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were tested for their anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activities and showed weak bioactivities.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the fruits of Schisandra wilsoniana and their anti-HIV-1 activities

Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, wilsonilignans A-C (1-3), together with nine known ones, were isolated from the fruits of Schisandra wilsoniana. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were also evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activities and showed bioactivity with EC50 values of 3.26, 6.18, and 2.87g/ml, respectively.

慢性吗啡给予、戒断及再给药过程中大鼠海马感觉门控的动态变化

药物成瘾被认为是药物长期作用于脑而产生的一种慢性复吸性脑疾病,长期反复的药物(如吗啡)滥用会导致一系列严重后果,如药物依赖、药物耐受、强迫性药物寻求等.本实验利用条件化位置偏好(conditioned place preference,CPP)模型来检测大鼠对吗啡依赖和心理渴求等过程;采用双声刺激听觉诱发电位来研究大鼠在慢性吗啡给予、戒断以及再给药过程中海马感觉门控(N40)的动态变化.吗啡组大鼠注射吗啡(10mg/kg,i.p.)12d,经历第一次戒断12d,再次注射吗啡(2.5mg/kg,i.p.)1d,之后经历第二次戒断2d;对照组大鼠注射同体积生理盐水,其余实验条件与吗啡组相同.CPP实验表明,这种药物给予方法促使大鼠对吗啡产生药物依赖和心理渴求.双声刺激诱发电位实验表明,吗啡组大鼠在吗啡给予期间海马感觉门控受到损伤;第一次戒断期的第1～2天海马感觉门控能力减弱,第3天增强,第4～12天逐渐恢复到正常水平;再次给予吗啡后海马感觉门控能力与对照组相比显著降低,并且随后2d的戒断期内海马感觉门控能力也一直保持较低水平,表明再次给药使大鼠海马感觉门控对吗啡更加敏感化.结果提示,长期反复的吗啡给予及再给药干扰了海马的感觉门控能力,吗啡成瘾对大脑可能产生长期影响.

In vitro anti-HIV and -HSV activity and safety of sodium rutin sulfate as a microbicide candidate

Sodium rutin sulfate (SRS) is a sulfated rutin modified from the natural flavonol glycoside rutin. Here, we investigated its in vitro anti-HIV and -HSV activities and its cytotoxic profile. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of SRS against HIV-1 X4 virus IIIB, HIV-1 R5 isolates Ada-M and Ba-L were 2.3 +/- 0.2, 4.5 +/- 2.0 and 8.5 +/- 3.8 mu M with a selectivity index (SI) of 563, 575 and 329, respectively. Its IC50 against primary R5 HIV-1 isolate from Yunnan province in China was 13.1 +/- 5.5 mu M, with a Sl of 197. In contrast, unsulfated rutin had no activity against any of the HIV-1 isolates tested. Further study indicated that SRS blocked viral entry and virus-cell fusion likely through interacting with the HIV- I envelope glycoprotein. SRS also demonstrated some activity against human herpes simplex virus (HSV) with an IC50 of 88.3 +/- 0.1 mu M and a Sl of 30. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of SRS was >3.0 mM, as determined in human genital ME 180, HeLa and primary human foreskin fibroblast cells. Minimum inhibitory concentration of SRS for vaginal lactobacilli was >3.0 mM. These results collectively indicate that SRS represents a novel candidate for anti-HIV-1/HSV microbicide development. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

溶藻细菌DC21的分离、鉴定及其溶藻特性

从云南滇池中分离得到一株溶藻细菌DC21,经鉴定为葡萄球菌属的1种(Staphylococcussp.),可溶解铜绿微囊等9种藻.试验表明,经过滤、离心沉降及高温灭菌处理的滤液,均能强烈抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,说明其溶藻作用的因子之一为该菌的胞外分泌物,且这种物质具有热稳定性.细菌DC21使藻的光合作用受到抑制;在试验的第1d,受试藻的超氧物歧化酶及过氧化氢酶活性显著增高,但在第7d,这两种抗氧化保护酶的活性显著下降;受试藻的丙二醛含量明显增高,说明该菌促使其发生了膜脂过氧化.

应用原生动物群落评价枯水期白洋淀的水质现状

应用PFU微型生物群落监测方法,对长期处于低水位状态下的白洋淀水质进行了综合评价。结果表明,白洋淀水域受府河污水的影响,淀内的内源性污染,对原生动物群落造成了极大的影响。与20世纪90年代的资料相比,淀内中心区4个采样点原生动物的群集种类数(1d)急剧下降,而丰度上升了1.28倍,表明内源性污染对白洋淀水质的影响加剧。

鳜鱼头肾的组织发生及成鱼头肾B淋巴细胞的分布

通过整体连续切片,研究了鳜鱼不同发育时期的头肾结构,并利用原位PCR方法检测了B淋巴细胞在鳜鱼头肾中的分布。在孵化后第1d观察到了肾组织,主要由肾小管组成。尔后头肾的发育经历了三个结构和功能的转变。第一个阶段为孵化后第1d到第7d,头肾作为滤过性器官存在,由肾小管及少量淋巴细胞组成。第二个阶段从第8d到第36d,是一个功能混合型阶段,头肾中既有肾小管,又有造血组织;随时间推移,肾小管数量减少,淋巴细胞数量剧增。紧接着进入第三个阶段:肾小管完全消失,头肾中开始出现大量的嗜铬细胞,头肾作为淋巴-肾上腺组织而存

富营养湖泊滇池水华蓝藻的机械清除

富营养湖泊暴发蓝藻水华时可集聚浓度达n× 10 8— 9cell/L ,利用重力振动、旋振和离心等方法收集富藻水 ,逐次浓缩、脱水后得藻泥 ;根据需要可对藻泥进行干燥 ,得到干藻粉。 2 0 0 1年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 11月在云南滇池以上述方式清除蓝藻水华 35 1d ,共处理富藻水 4 2 6 4 8m3 ,折合清除水华蓝藻干重为 4 6 0 .83t。按所清除的蓝藻干粉的总氮、总磷、总钾、粗有机质及重金属的平均含量计算 ,相当于从试验区水体中去除了氮 (N) 37.33t、磷 (P) 2 .