317 resultados para 332.274


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在黑白仰鼻猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)分布区北端的南仁(99o04’E, 28o34’N), 野外工作分别于2001年4月10日 - 6月30 日(代表冬末和春季),9月14日 - 12月20日(夏秋季)进行。我们分别用粪便取样法、录像带记录和直接观察法收集了猴群生境的垂直利用、过夜处选择和社会组织数据。此外,我们于1998年8月20日到12月31日在中科院昆明动物研究所老所利用全发生取样法(All-Occurence sampling)收集了一个单雄多雌单元(One-male, multi-female unit: OMU)的性行为数据。另外,我们利用昆明动物所1994 - 2003年和昆明动物园1991 - 2003年笼养黑白仰鼻猴群的出生记录来说明出生季节和出生间隔。 黑白仰鼻猴群全年在3500 - 4300 m的林带上活动,集中利用的海拔带为3900 - 4200 m,这可能与猴群的主食(松萝)主要分布于高海拔有关。冬季, 山沟中的粪便密度高于山脊,这可能是猴群在沟中过夜的缘故。猴群喜欢在树高(27.5 ± 3.2 m)较高、胸径(57.9 ± 16.9 cm)和树冠(6.3 ± 1.4 m)大的针叶树(云冷杉)上过夜。猴群冬季喜欢在阳坡中部的针叶树上过夜,这样既安全又可以接受适量的阳光照射。这是猴群在选择最安全和最暖和过夜处的一种折衷策略。 1994年猴群OMUs大小为7.8 ± 1.7(n = 17),成年性比(M/F)是1.0: 3.8。2001年OMUs大小为10.1 ± 3.7 (n = 15),成年性比是1.0: 4.9。1994-2001年,OMUs中每个成年雌性每年的平均增长率是0.04。这种OMU-band两层社会组织与Kirkpatrick(1996)的报道一致。 雌性以匍匐地面或栖木上,同时面部和视线左右摆动,或者坐着上下移动头部的动作邀配;雄性则以伴有特别的叫声、露齿动颌表情邀配。在有射精记录的观察日中,平均每5.2次爬跨有1次射精,而单次爬跨就射精的仅占4.4%。雌性邀配了18次射精爬跨的大多数(72%),但163次非射精爬跨中她们邀配的仅为45%。雄性在射精交配中叫声多于非射精交配。该种交配模式与其它疣猴亚科动物相似,而性内交配竞争可能与这种模式的进化有关。 笼养黑白仰鼻猴群的出生日期为12 - 6月份,出生高峰期为3 - 5月份。猴群的平均出生日期为4月18日(标准差为43天),中位出生日期为4月10日。猴群的出生间隔平均为624 ± 150天(n = 15,范围:332 - 787天)。幼猴可活到1岁后的出生间隔(706 ± 71, n = 12, 498 - 787天)显著长于1岁内死亡或流产后的出生间隔(428 ± 87, n = 5, 332 - 568天)。婴猴性比(M/F)显著偏离1: 1。

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A theoretical investigation of ballistic electron transport in a quantum wire with soft wall confinement is presented. A general method of the electron transmission calculation is proposed for structures with complicated geometries. The effects of the lateral guiding potential on ballistic transport are investigated using three soft wall confinement models and the results are compared with those obtained from the hard wall confinement approximation. It is shown that the calculated transmission coefficients are notably dependent on the lateral confining potential especially when the incident electron energy is larger than the energy of the second transverse mode. It is found that the transmission profile obtained from soft wall confinement models exhibits simpler resonance structures than that obtained from the hard wall confinement approximation. Our results suggest that only in the single-channel regime the hard wall confinement approximation can give reasonable results.

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Fe-N films were deposited on Si(100) and GaAs(100) substrates at room temperature by ion beam assisted deposition under various N/ Fe atomic arrival ratio, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15. The results of X-ray diffraction indicated that the film deposited at 0.12 of N/Fe arrival ratio contained a considerable fraction of the Fe16N2 phase which had grown predominantly in the [001] orientation. For the larger N/Fe arrival ratio, a martensite phase with 15 at.% nitrogen was obtained. It was found that a lower deposition temperature (<200 degrees C) was necessary for the formation of the Fe16N2 phase.

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在较高工作气压(332.5~399Pa)下,采用等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)工艺制备了优质的本征纳米硅薄膜及掺磷的纳米硅薄膜,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼散射(Raman) 测试技术对其进行了测试和分析.结果表明纳米硅薄膜的XRD谱中存在(111)、(220)和(331)峰位;Raman谱中显示出其薄膜中的晶粒的大小(2~5nm)符合纳米晶的要求.将制备的纳米硅薄膜初步用于栅极/ITO/n-nc-Si∶H/i-nc-Si∶H/p-c-Si/Al/Ag结构的异质结(HIT)太阳能电池,开路电压(Voc)达404mV,短路电流密度(Jsc)可达到34.2mA/cm2(AM1.5,100mW/cm~2,25℃).

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A technology for the monolithic integration of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is developed. Molecular beam epitaxy is used to grow an RTD on a HEMT structure on GaAs substrate. The RTD has a room temperature peak-to-valley ratio of 5.2:1 with a peak current density of 22.5kA/cm~2. The HEMT has a 1μm gate length with a-1V threshold voltage. A logic circuit called a monostableto-bistable transition logic element (MOBILE) circuit is developed. The experimental result confirms that the fabricated logic circuit operates successfully with frequency operations of up to 2GHz.

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利用变温Hall测量研究了重掺杂InGaAs/InAlAs单量子阱中二维电子气,发现在量子阱中由于存在电子对称态和反对称态导致纵向电阻出现拍频现象.通过分析拍频节点位置,得到电子对称态和反对称态之间的能级间距为4meV.此外,通过迁移率谱方法和多载流子拟合过程研究了不同迁移率电子的浓度和迁移率随温度的变化关系.

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采用张应变量子阱结构,生长了光放大器材料。利用宽接触激光器TE和TM模的输出功率曲线判断并调整量子阱材料的应变量,得到了偏振灵敏度较低的光放大器结构。

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在空间生长SI-GaAs的某些部位有汽泡产生,经俄歇分析,汽泡表面约有10nm的砷层,它从半绝缘砷化镓内部逸出,导致其成为半导体。用阴极荧光形貌观测了其多晶结构。

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国家自然科学基金

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详细地分析了离子注入掺铒硅的光致发光谱,有5个发光峰分别位于1.536μm、1.554μ、1.570μm、1.598μ和1.640μm,其中1.536μm发光峰最强。结合背散射谱,认为其有效的发光中心为处于T_d对称中心的填隙铒Er~(3+)离子。在Er与O、N、C共掺样品应分别存在Er-O、Er-N和Er-C发光中心,其对应的PL发光峰分别为1.570μm、1.536μm和1.608μm。

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通过吸收光电流谱的测量,观察到用国产MBE设备生长的与InP衬底晶格匹配的InGaAs/InAlAs多量子阱结构的量子限制Stark效应及其与光偏振方向有关的各向异性电吸收特性,报道了可用于波导型调制器制作的MQW样品材料的X射线双晶衍射结果,并用计算机模拟出与实测十分相似的曲线,得到了可靠的量子阱结构,证明样品材料具有优良的外延质量.利用等效无限深阱模型进行的理论计算表明,应考虑样品p-i-n结内建电场的影响,才能使算出的吸收边红移与实验值符合.

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Semiconductor nanostructures show many special physical properties associated with quantum confinement effects, and have many applications in the opto-electronic and microelectronic fields. However, it is difficult to calculate their electronic states by the ordinary plane wave or linear combination of atomic orbital methods. In this paper, we review some of our works in this field, including semiconductor clusters, self-assembled quantum dots, and diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dots. In semiconductor clusters we introduce energy bands and effective-mass Hamiltonian of wurtzite structure semiconductors, electronic structures and optical properties of spherical clusters, ellipsoidal clusters, and nanowires. In self-assembled quantum dots we introduce electronic structures and transport properties of quantum rings and quantum dots, and resonant tunneling of 3-dimensional quantum dots. In diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dots we introduce magnetic-optical properties, and magnetic field tuning of the effective g factor in a diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dot. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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给出了模型论在代数上的两个应用,得到了下列定理:定理A:如环R的任何有限生成子环均是局部环,则R是局部环.定理B:存在自然数的真扩张R使其具有下列特征:(1)虽然R有无限多零因子,但R中有无限多零因子,但R中的首1多项式的根的个数可以得到很好的控制.(2)R不仅将自然数的素数特征保留下来,而且还可在其上定义指数函数。