930 resultados para modèle des vies saines (Good lives model)
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Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des arts et sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise ès sciences (M. Sc.) en criminologie
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Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise (M. Sc.) en criminologie option intervention.
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Les anomalies du tube neural (ATN) sont des malformations congénitales très fréquentes chez l’humain en touchant 1-2 nouveau-nés sur 1000 naissances. Elles résultent d’une fermeture incomplète du tube neural lors de l’embryogenèse. L’étiologie des ATN est complexe impliquant des facteurs environnementaux et des facteurs génétiques. La souris représente un outil puissant afin de mieux comprendre la génétique des ATN. Particulièrement, la souris modèle a impliqué fortement la voie de la polarité cellulaire planaire (PCP) dans ces malformations. Dans cette étude, nous avons identifié et caractérisé une nouvelle souris mutante, Skam26Jus dans le but d’identifier un nouveau gène causant les ATN. Skam26Jus a été générée par l’agent mutagène N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosuera. Cette souris est caractérisée par une queue en forme de boucle ou de crochet, soit un phénotype associé aux ATN. La complémentation génétique de la souris Skam26Jus avec une souris mutante d’un gène de la voie PCP Vangl2 (Looptail) a montré une interaction génétique entre le gène muté chez Skam26Jus et Vangl2, suggérant que ces deux gènes fonctionnent dans des voies de signalisation semblables ou parallèles. Un total de 50% des embryons doubles hétérozygotes avec un phénotype de la queue présentent un spina bifida. La cartographie par homozygotie du génome entier suivie par un clonage positionnel a permis d’identifier Lrp6 comme le gène muté chez Skam26Jus. Une mutation homozygote, p.Ile681Arg, a été identifiée dans Lrp6 chez les souris ayant une queue en boucle/crochet. Cette mutation était absente dans 30 souches génétiques pures indiquant que cette mutation est spécifique au phénotype observé. Une étude de phénotype-génotype évalue la pénétrance à 53 % de la mutation Ile681Arg. Lrp6 est connu pour activer la voie canonique Wnt/β-caténine et inhiber la voie non canonique Wnt/PCP. Le séquençage de la région codante et de la jonction exon-intron de LRP6 chez 268 patients a mené à l’identification de quatre nouvelles rares mutations faux sens absentes chez 272 contrôles et de toutes les bases de données publiques. Ces mutations sont p.Tyr306His ; p.Tyr373Cys ; p.Val1386Ile; p.Tyr1541Cys et leur pathogénicité prédite in silico indiquent que p.Val1386Ile est bénigne, et que p.Tyr306Hiset p.Tyr373Cys et p.Tyr1541Cys sont i possiblement dommageables. Les mutations p.Tyr306His, p.Tyr373Cys et p.Tyr1541Cys ont affecté l’habilité de LRP6 d’activer la voie Wnt/β-caténine en utilisant le système rapporteur luciférase de pTOPflash. Nos résultats suggèrent que LRP6 joue un rôle dans le développement des ATN chez une petite fraction de patients ayant une ATN. Cette étude présente aussi Skam26Jus comme un nouveau modèle pour étudier les ATN chez l’humain et fournit un outil important pour comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires à l’origine des A TN.
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In this chapter we aim to explore how videogames can lead to improvements in wellbeing. Following Keyes (2007) and Huppert and So (2012) we view wellbeing as a multidimensional concept with both hedonic and eudaimonic aspects. In this chapter we take a broad approach in terms of exploring the impact of videogames on the psychological, social, and physical components of wellbeing. We explore how videogames have been shown to have an impact in each of these domains. Although there is a great deal of evidence for the actual and potential positive impacts of videogames, there are many unanswered questions regarding the situations in which there is likely to be an impact of videogame play on wellbeing, as well as the aspects of wellbeing that are likely to be impacted by videogame play. We conclude the chapter by outlining the key questions for future research. Our focus in this chapter is on the positive influences of videogames. We do not explore research on contexts in which negative impacts are possible or subgroups for which videogames could cause harm. However, these questions are obviously important and we see balanced engagement with age-appropriate videogames as a key prerequisite for any of the wellbeing benefits discussed below.
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This is an ethnographic study, in the field of medical anthropology, of village life among farmers in southwest Finland. It is based on 12 months of field work conducted 2002-2003 in a coastal village. The study discusses how social and cultural change affects the life of farmers, how they experience it and how they act in order to deal with the it. Using social suffering as a methodological approach the study seeks to investigate how change is related to lived experiences, idioms of distress, and narratives. Its aim has been to draw a locally specific picture of what matters are at stake in the local moral world that these farmers inhabit, and how they emerge as creative actors within it. A central assumption made about change is that it is two-fold; both a constructive force which gives birth to something new, and also a process that brings about uncertainty regarding the future. Uncertainty is understood as an existential condition of human life that demands a response, both causing suffering and transforming it. The possibility for positive outcomes in the future enables one to understand this small suffering of everyday life both as a consequence of social change, which fragments and destroys, and as an answer to it - as something that is positively meaningful. Suffering is seen to engage individuals to ensure continuity, in spite of the odds, and to sustain hope regarding the future. When the fieldwork was initiated Finland had been a member of the European Union for seven years and farmers felt it had substantially impacted on their working conditions. They complained about the restrictions placed on their autonomy and that their knowledge was neither recognised, nor respected by the bureaucrats of the EU system. New regulations require them to work in a manner that is morally unacceptable to them and financial insecurity has become more prominent. All these changes indicate the potential loss of the home and of the ability to ensure continuity of the family farm. Although the study initially focused on getting a general picture of working conditions and the nature of farming life, during the course of the fieldwork there was repeated mention of a perceived high prevalence of cancer in the area. This cancer talk is replete with metaphors that reveal cultural meanings tied to the farming life and the core values of autonomy, endurance and permanence. It also forms the basis of a shared identity and a means of delivering a moral message about the fragmentation of the good life; the loss of control; and the invasion of the foreign. This thesis formed part of the research project Expressions of Suffering. Ethnographies of Illness Experiences in Contemporary Finnish Contexts funded by the Academy of Finland. It opens up a vital perspective on the multiplicity and variety of the experience of suffering and that it is particularly through the use of the ethnographic method that these experiences can be brought to light. Keywords: suffering, uncertainty, phenomenology, habitus, agency, cancer, farming
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Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59709
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Contact: jean-simon.denault@umontreal.ca
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Monográfico con el título: "La educación en instituciones penitenciarias. Historia, políticas públicas y buenas prácticas".
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Mode of access: Internet.