The first group (co)homology of a group G with coefficients in some G-modules

Let G be a group. We give some formulas for the first group homology and cohomology of a group G with coefficients in an arbitrary G-module (Z) over tilde. More explicit calculations are done in the special cases of free groups, abelian groups and nilpotent groups. We also perform calculations for certain G-module M, by reducing it to the case where the coefficient is a G-module (Z) over tilde. As a result of the well known equalities H-1(X, M) = H-1(pi(1)(X), M) and H-1(X, M) = H-1(pi(1) (X), M), for any G-module M, we are able to calculate the first homology and cohomology groups of topological spaces with certain local system of coefficients.

Lagrange-Singularitäten

In dieser Arbeit wird eine Deformationstheorie fürLagrange-Singularitäten entwickelt. Wir definieren einen Komplex von Moduln mit nicht-linearem Differential, densogenannten Lagrange-de Rham-Komplex, dessen ersteKohomologie isomorph zum Raum der infinitesimalenLagrange-Deformationen ist. Wir beschreiben die Beziehung diesesKomplexes zur Theorie der Moduln über dem Ring vonDifferentieloperatoren. Informationen zur Obstruktionstheorie vonLagrange-Deformationen werden aus derzweiten Kohomologie des Lagrange-de Rham-Komplexes gewonnen.Wir zeigen, dass unter einer geometrischen Bedingung an dieSingularität ie Kohomologie von des Lagrange-deRham-Komplexes ausendlich dimensionalen Vektorräumen besteht. Desweiteren wirdeine Methode zur effektiven Berechnung dieser Kohomologie fürquasi-homogene Lagrange-Flächensingularitäten entwickelt. UnterZuhilfenahme von Computeralgebra wird diese Methode für konkreteBeispiele angewendet.

Logarithmically smooth deformations of strict normal crossing logarithmically symplectic varieties

In this thesis we give a definition of the term logarithmically symplectic variety; to be precise, we distinguish even two types of such varieties. The general type is a triple $(f,nabla,omega)$ comprising a log smooth morphism $fcolon Xtomathrm{Spec}kappa$ of log schemes together with a flat log connection $nablacolon LtoOmega^1_fotimes L$ and a ($nabla$-closed) log symplectic form $omegainGamma(X,Omega^2_fotimes L)$. We define the functor of log Artin rings of log smooth deformations of such varieties $(f,nabla,omega)$ and calculate its obstruction theory, which turns out to be given by the vector spaces $H^i(X,B^bullet_{(f,nabla)}(omega))$, $i=0,1,2$. Here $B^bullet_{(f,nabla)}(omega)$ is the class of a certain complex of $mathcal{O}_X$-modules in the derived category $mathrm{D}(X/kappa)$ associated to the log symplectic form $omega$. The main results state that under certain conditions a log symplectic variety can, by a flat deformation, be smoothed to a symplectic variety in the usual sense. This may provide a new approach to the construction of new examples of irreducible symplectic manifolds.

On the Geometry of Infinite-Dimensional Grassmannian Manifolds and Gauge Theory

This PhD Thesis is about certain infinite-dimensional Grassmannian manifolds that arise naturally in geometry, representation theory and mathematical physics. From the physics point of view one encounters these infinite-dimensional manifolds when trying to understand the second quantization of fermions. The many particle Hilbert space of the second quantized fermions is called the fermionic Fock space. A typical element of the fermionic Fock space can be thought to be a linear combination of the configurations m particles and n anti-particles . Geometrically the fermionic Fock space can be constructed as holomorphic sections of a certain (dual)determinant line bundle lying over the so called restricted Grassmannian manifold, which is a typical example of an infinite-dimensional Grassmannian manifold one encounters in QFT. The construction should be compared with its well-known finite-dimensional analogue, where one realizes an exterior power of a finite-dimensional vector space as the space of holomorphic sections of a determinant line bundle lying over a finite-dimensional Grassmannian manifold. The connection with infinite-dimensional representation theory stems from the fact that the restricted Grassmannian manifold is an infinite-dimensional homogeneous (Kähler) manifold, i.e. it is of the form G/H where G is a certain infinite-dimensional Lie group and H its subgroup. A central extension of G acts on the total space of the dual determinant line bundle and also on the space its holomorphic sections; thus G admits a (projective) representation on the fermionic Fock space. This construction also induces the so called basic representation for loop groups (of compact groups), which in turn are vitally important in string theory / conformal field theory. The Thesis consists of three chapters: the first chapter is an introduction to the backround material and the other two chapters are individually written research articles. The first article deals in a new way with the well-known question in Yang-Mills theory, when can one lift the action of the gauge transformation group on the space of connection one forms to the total space of the Fock bundle in a compatible way with the second quantized Dirac operator. In general there is an obstruction to this (called the Mickelsson-Faddeev anomaly) and various geometric interpretations for this anomaly, using such things as group extensions and bundle gerbes, have been given earlier. In this work we give a new geometric interpretation for the Faddeev-Mickelsson anomaly in terms of differentiable gerbes (certain sheaves of categories) and central extensions of Lie groupoids. The second research article deals with the question how to define a Dirac-like operator on the restricted Grassmannian manifold, which is an infinite-dimensional space and hence not in the landscape of standard Dirac operator theory. The construction relies heavily on infinite-dimensional representation theory and one of the most technically demanding challenges is to be able to introduce proper normal orderings for certain infinite sums of operators in such a way that all divergences will disappear and the infinite sum will make sense as a well-defined operator acting on a suitable Hilbert space of spinors. This research article was motivated by a more extensive ongoing project to construct twisted K-theory classes in Yang-Mills theory via a Dirac-like operator on the restricted Grassmannian manifold.

NIELSEN COINCIDENCE THEORY OF FIBRE-PRESERVING MAPS AND DOLD`S FIXED POINT INDEX

Let M -> B, N -> B be fibrations and f(1), f(2): M -> N be a pair of fibre-preserving maps. Using normal bordism techniques we define an invariant which is an obstruction to deforming the pair f(1), f(2) over B to a coincidence free pair of maps. In the special case where the two fibrations axe the same and one of the maps is the identity, a weak version of our omega-invariant turns out to equal Dold`s fixed point index of fibre-preserving maps. The concepts of Reidemeister classes and Nielsen coincidence classes over B are developed. As an illustration we compute e.g. the minimal number of coincidence components for all homotopy classes of maps between S(1)-bundles over S(1) as well as their Nielsen and Reidemeister numbers.

Deriving Deligne-Mumford stacks with perfect obstruction theories

Intersection theory on moduli spaces has lead to immense progress in certain areas of enumerative geometry. For some important areas, most notably counting stable maps and counting stable sheaves, it is important to work with a virtual fundamental class instead of the usual fundamental class of the moduli space. The crucial prerequisite for the existence of such a class is a two-term complex controlling deformations of the moduli space. Kontsevich conjectured in 1994 that there should exist derived version of spaces with this specific property. Another hint at the existence of these spaces comes from derived algebraic geometry. It is expected that for every pair of a space and a complex controlling deformations of the space their exists, under some additional hypothesis, a derived version of the space having the chosen complex as cotangent complex. In this thesis one version of these additional hypothesis is identified. We then show that every space admitting a two-term complex controlling deformations satisfies these hypothesis, and we finally construct the derived spaces.

Feminist Disability Theory: Domestic Violence Against Women with a Disability

Women with a disability continue to experience social oppression and domestic violence as a consequence of gender and disability dimensions. Current explanations of domestic violence and disability inadequately explain several features that lead women who have a disability to experience violent situations. This article incorporates both disability and material feminist theory as an alternative explanation to the dominant approaches (psychological and sociological traditions) of conceptualising domestic violence. This paper is informed by a study which was concerned with examining the nature and perceptions of violence against women with a physical impairment. The emerging analytical framework integrating material feminist interpretations and disability theory provided a basis for exploring gender and disability dimensions. Insight was also provided by the women who identified as having a disability in the study and who explained domestic violence in terms of a gendered and disabling experience. The article argues that material feminist interpretations and disability theory, with their emphasis on gender relations, disablism and poverty, should be used as an alternative tool for exploring the nature and consequences of violence against women with a disability.

Why do so few hold stocks : theory and evidence

This study develops a life-cycle model where investors make investment decisions in a realistic environment. Model results show that personal illiquid projects (housing and children), fixed costs (once-off/per-period participation costs plus variable/fixed transaction costs) and endogenous risky human capital (with permanent, transitory and disastrous shocks) together are able to address both the non-participation puzzle and the age-effects puzzle. Empirical implications of the model are examined using Heckman’s two-step method with the latest five Surveys of Consumer Finance (SCF). Regression results show that liquidity, informational cost and human capital are indeed the major determinants of participation and asset allocation decisions at different stages of an investor’s life.