Propuesta de normativa HACCP para la implementación de un Centro de Industrialización de Carne Avícola en la UNA

El Sistema de Análisis de Riesgos y Puntos Cítricos de Control (HACCP), es una herramienta que se acomoda a cualquier otro sistema, lo único que se pretende con la implantación de este sistema es, procesar alimentos nutritivos, confiables, seguros e inocuos, buscando una alta calidad en el producto, esto significa que el producto procesado este apto para el consumo y que no cause daño o enfermedades a la población que consume el alimento. El presente trabajo tuvo como objeto, sistematizar las normas de implementación del Sistema de Análisis de Riesgos y Puntos Criticos de Control (HACCP) en Nicaragua, para diseñar una propuesta de alternativa para una planta procesadora., específicamente en aves, para la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA). Se realizó un estudio visitando las plantas procesadoras de pollo en Nicaragua, las cuales se encuentran certíficadas C{ln el Sistema HACCP, las visitas a esta% plantas consistió en el recorrido de todo el proceso, que va desde la recepción de las aves en las plantas, basta la distribución de los productos terminados, estas vistas se realizaron diariamente, una planta cada día, de cinco de la mañana que inicia la matanza de aves, a cuatro de la tarde que se termina esta matanza, durante seis meses. Las empresas visitadas fueron: Tip-top Km. 16 Y, carretera a Masaya, Pollo Rico en Granada contiguo a la estación de ferrocarril, Indavínsa Pollo Real Km. 26 carretera norte y Pollo Estrella Km. 21 carretera norte. Además se realizó una revisión de literatura, para recabar información y documentación referente al tema en estudio, tal revisión se llevo a cabo en las bibliotecas del MAGFOR y de la biblioteca de la UNA, en ellas se encontró todo lo referente al sistema HACCP , experiencias, principios del sistema, manuales complementarios y todo esto ayudo a desarrollar una propuesta de implementación del Sistema HACCP. Este Sistema es una propuesta racional y sistemática que permite la harmonización de normas y procedimientos que regulan la comercialización de productos alimenticios, simplificando tramites y eliminando barreras para su libre comercio, ya que permite procesar alimentos de alta calidad y aptos para el consumo.

Evaluacion de riesgos y puntos criticos de control de riesgos (HACCP) en el Matadero de Carne Bovina Nuevo Carnic

La realización de este trabajo investigativo tuvo lugar en un importante matadero del país, en el que se toman las medidas HACCP que los países extranjeros piden como requisitos para exportarles, los problemas sanitarios de la carne dependen, en primer lugar, del estado sanitario del animal y además, de la higiene con la que se realizan todas las operaciones hasta que el alimento llega al consumidor. Sin embargo han aparecido nuevos riesgos asociados al consumo de carne, más difíciles de controlar mediante una inspección tradicional, como las encefalopatías espongiformes, las intoxicaciones por E. coli O157, la presencia de residuos tóxicos, etc., y que están obligando a modificar los métodos tradicionales de inspección. Por lo que en este trabajo investigación se dispuso realizar la Evaluación de Riesgos y Puntos Críticos de Control (HACCP), en el Matadero de Carne Bovina Nuevo Carnic, donde por un periodo de seis meses se desarrollo la inspección detallada en diferentes puntos del proceso de matanza, permitiéndose con la inspección, determinar los puntos críticos que deben tener mayor control que garantice un producto inocuo y seguro para el consumidor. Encontrándose que los Puntos Críticos que contemplan en el plan HACCP de la empresa Nuevo Carnic son PCC-1 Evisceración, PCC-2 lavado antimicrobiano, PCC-3 enfriamiento, de estos puntos el 1 y 2 caen en constantes desviaciones y no se toman medidas correctivas adecuadas. También encontramos que se hace necesario incluir en el plan HACCP de Nuevo Carnic el PCC-4 empaque y PCC-5 almacenamiento para asegurar un producto inocuo para el consumidor, por tanto consideramos que con este trabajo se puede a portar al lector las medidas correctivas al seguimiento y control de los Puntos Críticos de Control en los mataderos que aplican el sistema HACCP o deseen hacerlo.

Estudio del proceso de implementación y certificación del sistema HACCP en las Empresas Callejas, S.A., Exotic Food, Apronot y Tropifrutas

El presente trabajo fue realizado en las empresas procesadoras de frutas tropicales de Nicaragua que han venido desarrollando actividades encaminadas a la certificación HACCP según datos suministrados por el Ministerio Agropecuario y Forestal (MAG-FOR), las empresas visitadas fueron: APRONOT, ubicada en el Municipio de San Marcos Departamento de Carazo, La empresa Callejas Sequeira, S.A. ubicada en la ciudad de Granada, La empresa Exotic Food ubicada en el Km 107 carretera a Rivas y la empresa TROPIFRUTAS ubicada en Nueva Guinea, Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur. Se consultaron fuentes secundarías existentes en el país sobre el Análisis de Riesgos y Críticos Puntos de Control (HACCP), así como información de Internet. Para conocer la situación actual del proceso de certificación y adopción del Análisis de Riesgos y Críticos Puntos de Control (HACCP) en la Industria Agroalimentaria se procedió a entrevistar a funcionarios del Ministerio Agropecuario y Forestal (MAGFOR), y del Ministerio de Fomento, Industria y Comercio (MIFIC). La industria agroalimentaria de Nicaragua ha adoptado el sistema de Análisis de Riesgos y Críticos Puntos de Control (HACCP) y se encuentra en un proceso de verificación y Auditoria para obtener la certificación, todas las empresas entrevistadas mostraron toda la voluntad de certificar su producto ya que les abre las puertas en la búsqueda de mejores oportunidades de mercados para sus productos. Las mayores dificultades para lograr la certificación radican en la falta de recursos financieros para ejecutar las recomendaciones de los inspectores, así como la dificultad de garantizar la trazabilidad del origen de la materia prima.

HACCP: Programa de capacitacion en analisis de peligros y puntos criticos de control

El HACCP es un sistema preventivo más que reactivo de control de peligros. Los procesadores de alimentos pueden utilizarlo para garantizar productos alimentarios más inocuos para los consumidores. Para asegurar alimentos más inocuos, el sistema HACCP está diseñado para identificar los peligros, establecer controles y monitorear estos controles. Los peligros pueden consistir en microorganismos nocivos o en contaminantes químicos y/o físicos. (PDF tiene 289 paginas.)

Seafood safety: economics of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) programmes

Seventy percent of the world's catch of fish and fishery products is consumed as food. Fish and shellfish products represent 15.6 percent of animal protein supply and 5.6 percent of total protein supply on a worldwide basis. Developing countries account for almost 50 percent of global fish exports. Seafood-borne disease or illness outbreaks affect consumers both physically and financially, and create regulatory problems for both importing and exporting countries. Seafood safety as a commodity cannot be purchased in the marketplace and government intervenes to regulate the safety and quality of seafood. Theoretical issues and data limitations create problems in estimating what consumers will pay for seafood safety and quality. The costs and benefits of seafood safety must be considered at all levels, including the fishers, fish farmers, input suppliers to fishing, processing and trade, seafood processors, seafood distributors, consumers and government. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) programmes are being implemented on a worldwide basis for seafood. Studies have been completed to estimate the cost of HACCP in various shrimp, fish and shellfish plants in the United States, and are underway for some seafood plants in the United Kingdom, Canada and Africa. Major developments within the last two decades have created a set of complex trading situations for seafood. Current events indicate that seafood safety and quality can be used as non-tariff barriers to free trade. Research priorities necessary to estimate the economic value and impacts of achieving safer seafood are outlined at the consumer, seafood production and processing, trade and government levels. An extensive list of references on the economics of seafood safety and quality is presented. (PDF contains 56 pages; captured from html.)

HACCP based management system for improving quality of freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The study was conducted on the present status of HACCP based quality management system of golda, Macrobrachium rosenbergii farms in Fulpur region of Mymensingh. Information was collected on general condition of farms, culture systems and post-harvest quality management. In almost all farms, there is no or inadequate infrastructure facilities such as, road access, electric supply, telecommunications, ice, feed storage facility, vehicle for golda transportation, washing and toilet facilities. The problems associated with sanitation and hygiene was: widespread use of cow dung, poultry manure and construction of open toilet within the vicinity of prawn culture pond. Different grades of commercially available and locally prepared feeds were used for golda culture in the pond. Golda post-larvae (PL) of 40-50 days old were stocked with carp species. The price of golda PL ranged from Tk. 1.00 to Tk. 1.25/piece. The pond size varied from 50 decimal (0.2 ha) to 2.5 acre (1.0 ha) with an average depth of 2-2.5 m. The culture period of golda varied from April-May to November-December and survival rate ranged between 75 and 80%. Production of golda varied from 250-500 kg/acre (625-1,250 kg/ha). Harvested golda were transported to city market within 4 h. Two size grading were generally followed during pricing, e.g. Tk. 500 to 550/kg for >100 g size and Tk. 300/kg for <100 g size. The cost-benefit ratio was found to remain around 1:1.25 depending on availability of PL. Water quality parameters such as, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity and chlorophyll a in five golda farms in Fulpur region were monitored. Water temperature ranged from 29°C to 33°C, dissolved oxygen from 2.28 to 4.13 mg/l, pH between 6.65 and 7.94, alkalinity from 44 to 70 mg/l and chlorophyll a concentration from 61.88 to 102.34 µg/l in the five investigated ponds. The Aerobic Plate Count (APC) of the water sample was within the range of 2.0x10^6 - 2.96x10^7 CFU/ml and of soil samples within the range of 6.9x10^6 - 7.73x10^6 CFU/g. Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Salmonella sp. were isolated from pond water and sediment. Different feed samples used for golda was analyzed for proximate composition. Moisture content ranged around 14.14-21.22%, crude protein 20.55-44.1%, lipid 4.67-12.54% and ash 9.7-27.69%. The TVB-N values and peroxide values of feeds used as starter, grower and fish meal were found within the acceptable ranges and samples were free from pathogenic organisms. A training was organized for the golda farmers on HACCP, water quality and post-harvest quality management of prawn.

Status of the shrimp sector in Bangladesh in the context of HACCP and trade issues: a review

Shrimp culture in Bangladesh has emerged as an important aquaculture industry over the last three decades although its culture in greater parts of the farming area is done in traditional ways. In the meantime, the government of Bangladesh has taken necessary measures along with the private sectors to increase production, upgrade processing industries and to promote export performance. Long supply chain in raw material collection, inadequate infrastructure facilities, poor level of cool chain and lack of adequate HACCP-based training on hygiene and sanitation of different groups of people involved in the field level are the main problems of quality loss of raw materials. Shortage of raw materials results in poor capacity utilization of the processing plants. The growth of bagda (P. monodon) hatchery has expanded rapidly over the last few years, remaining mostly concentrated in Cox's Bazar region is enough to meet the target production. However, there is a shortage of pelleted shrimp feed in Bangladesh. A large number of export processors are now producing increasing amounts of value-added products such as individually quick-frozen, peeled and divined, butterfly cut shrimp, as well as cooked products. The export earnings from value added products is about half of the total export value. About 95% of total fish products are exported to European countries, USA and Japan and the remaining to the Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Most of the EU approved shrimp processing industries have been upgraded with laboratory facilities and provided HACCP training to their workers. As of now, HACCP is applied on the processing plants, but to ensure the quality of raw materials and to reduce risks, shrimp farms are also required to adopt HACCP plan. There is increased pressure time to time from importing countries for fish processors to establish effective quality assurance system in processing plants. Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC) of the Department of Fisheries while having moderately equipped laboratories with chemical, bio-chemical and microbiological testing facilities and qualified technical personnel, the creation of facilities for testing of antibiotics is underway. FIQC mainly supervises quality aspects of the processing plants and has little or no control over raw material supply chains from farm to processing plants. Bangladesh export consignments sometimes face rejection due to reported poor quality of the products. Three types of barriers are reported for export of shrimp to EU countries. These are:(1) government participation in trade and restrictive practices (state aid, countervailing duties, state trading enterprises, government monopoly practices), customs and administrative entry procedures (anti-dumping duties, customs valuation, classification, formalities, rules of origin); (2) technical barriers to trade or TBT (technical regulations, standards, testing, certification arrangement); (3) specific limitations (quantitative restrictions, import licensing, embargoes, exchange control, discriminatory sourcing, export restraints, measures to regulate domestic prices, requirements concerning marking, labeling and packaging).

Was It Something I Ate? Implementation of the FDA Seafood HACCP Program

We develop a theoretical model of enforcement and compliance under HACCP regulation and use the FDA's seafood inspection records to examine: (1) if the FDA has targeted its inspections under HACCP regulation; (2) the effects of inspections on compliance with HACCP and plant sanitation standards; and (3) the relationship between compliance with HACCP and preexisting sanitation standards. There is some evidence of targeting based on product risk, but not on past compliance performance. The threat of an inspection increases the likelihood of compliance, but only for sanitation inspections, not for HACCP. HACCP compliance does not improve compliance with sanitation standards. © 2008 American Agricultural Economics Association.

Implementação de um programa de pré-requisitos baseado na metodologia do sistema HACCP no mercado municipal de Tavira (freguesia de Santa Maria)

A transmissão de agentes patogénicos (bactérias, vírus e parasitas) através do consumo de géneros alimentícios pode desencadear um problema gravíssimo de saúde pública. Esta preocupação crescente levou o Homem a criar regras e aplicar medidas rigorosas que impedissem a contaminação dos alimentos e a propagação de doenças infecto-contagiosas que provocam muitos prejuízos à sociedade atual. De acordo com a Retificação ao Regulamento (CE) n.º 852/2004 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho de 29 de abril, verificou-se a necessidade de implementar um programa de pré-requisitos (PPR) (1.ª Fase) baseado na metodologia do Sistema HACCP no Mercado Municipal de Tavira, com o intuito de valorizar estes locais de comércio a retalho de diversos grupos de géneros alimentícios, onde existem inúmeros riscos de contaminação. Foi elaborada uma checklist e realizada uma avaliação minuciosa das condições de construção do edifício, a disposição da estrutura física, o modo de funcionamento dos equipamentos e o fluxo das operações integradas no respetivo mercado municipal, desde a zona de receção da mercadoria até aos locais de exposição e venda dos alimentos aos consumidores. A cascata de operações para a implementação do Sistema HACCP divide-se em três fases, contudo, para esta dissertação, apenas a primeira fase (programa de pré-requisitos - PPR) foi implementada no respetivo mercado municipal, a saber: - PPR n.º 1: Instalações e equipamentos; - PPR n.º 2: Plano de higienização; - PPR n.º 3: Controlo de pragas; - PPR n.º 4: Abastecimento de água; - PPR n.º 5: Recolha de resíduos; - PPR n.º 6: Material em contacto com géneros alimentícios; - PPR n.º 7: Higiene pessoal; - PPR n.º 8: Formação do pessoal. A implementação do PPR tem sido um processo moroso e ainda se encontra na fase de implementação. Periodicamente, os procedimentos, registos e documentos são verificados por forma evitar a repetição dos problemas.

Evaluación de un sistema cerrado de recirculación con camarones (Litopenaeus vannamei), para establecer un modelo de análisis de riesgos y control de puntos críticos (HACCP)

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Acentuación en Manejo de Vida Silvestre y Desarrollo Sustentable.) UANL, 2009.

Exploring costs and benefits of HACCP: a pilot study in the dairy and meat products industry in the European Union

Since 1995 the Directive 93/43/EEC prescribes the application of HACCP principles in food production. However, despite the major importance of food safety, there is a fundamental lack of information on the economic impact of this directive. This project aims to study costs and benefits of HACCP, including the impact of HACCP on public health. Due to the complexity of the issue, we propose to start with a pilot study, limited to dairy and meat products industry in NL, UK and I. Information will be obtained at two levels: production chain and public health. Integration of these results will result in recommendations at the levels of EU member states and industry for regulation and supporting measures, and in recommendations for an effective and efficient approach for a more comprehensive project on costs and benefits of HACCP, covering major parts of the food industry in EU member states.

Incorporating HACCP into national food control systems - Analyzing progress in the United Arab Emirates

Today governments and other parties involved in food control are under constant pressure to find more efficient and effective mechanisms to carry out their mandates for food control. This has led to international recognition of the importance of the HACCP system as a food control tool and guidance on the role of government agencies in the application of such a system has been developed. Based on this international guidance, four main elements identified as key activities have been used in this study to evaluate the progress of HACCP implementation in the UAE. The internal Strengths and Weaknesses, as well as the external Opportunities and Threats that the government is facing towards the implementation of a HACCP-based food control system have been identified. The analysis shows that the government’s dedicated role has been an essential driving force to encourage the implementation of a HACCP-based food control system. Some areas of difficulty, including the dependence on high levels of food imports, are highlighted.

Aplicação de HACCP e técnicas estatísticas em uma fábrica de farelo de soja

O agronegócio tornou-se, nos últimos anos, um importante motivador do crescimento da pauta de exportações brasileiras e do desenvolvimento da agricultura no Centro Oeste do Brasil. Um dos principais produtos deste setor é o farelo de soja, componente da ração na criação em larga escala de aves e suínos. Esse trabalho de conclusão trata da implantação de HACCP e da aplicação de técnicas estatísticas em uma fábrica produtora de farelo de soja localizada em Cuiabá. A exigência dos clientes nacionais e internacionais por um produto seguro sob o ponto de vista alimentar, torna a implantação dessas metodologias um importante diferencial competitivo para se comercializar o farelo de soja na Europa, Ásia e para os grandes consumidores do mercado interno brasileiro. Fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica que contemplou aspectos de microbiologia, engenharia de alimentos, HACCP e CEP. Descreveu-se, passo a passo, todo o processo produtivo, analisando-se os perigos de contaminação de cada etapa, aplicando-se o CEP no Ponto Crítico de Processo. Apresentou-se todo o processo de implantação das metodologias propostas. Os objetivos do trabalho são, além da implantação das metodologias, conseguir melhorias no processo produtivo, caracterizando a melhoria contínua e também garantir a certificação da planta em HACCP. Tais objetivos foram alcançados: houve significativas mudanças nos índices de avaliação da fábrica onde o HACCP foi implantado, e a metodologia passou a ser utilizada como uma nova ferramenta de gestão na empresa.