Modelado de la dinámica y producción forestal de la Selva Pedemontana de Yungas, Argentina

Las Yungas representan el ecosistema de Selvas subtropicales de mayor extensión de la Argentina, constituyendo un área de gran biodiversidad y de recursos madereros. En ella la explotación forestal fue intensa debido a su relieve de pendiente suave, cercanía a centros urbanos y a la creciente demanda de productos madereros causando una gran fragmentación y comprometiendo su resiliencia. La sustentabilidad del manejo forestal se basa en el conocimiento de la composición florística, del crecimiento, la dinámica poblacional y la proyección en el tiempo de la evolución del bosque. Los objetivos planteados en esta tesis fueron determinar la composición y estructura forestal, definir las curvas de crecimientos, determinar las tasas de reclutamiento y mortalidad de las especies de valor, y proyectar la evolución de la Selva en distintas situaciones de manejo. Los parámetros estructurales muestran que las especies dominantes son Anadenanthera colubrina var cebil, Phyllostilon rhamnoides, Trichilia hieronymi, Parapiptadenia excelsa y Calycophyllum multiflorum. Las bajas tasas de incorporaciones y existencias de las especies de mayor valor, Cedrela balansae, Myroxylon peruiferum y Amburana cearensis, determinan su vulnerabilidad. La dinámica está determinada por la formación de claros que generan cambios en las condiciones de luz. Las variables que influyen sobre el crecimiento diamétrico son el tamaño del individuo, la posición sociológica y la densidad del rodal. Las especies de mayores crecimientos diamétricos son C. balansae, A. colubrina var. cebil, P. excelsa, Astronium urundeuva y M. peruiferum siendo el tiempo estimado en lograr sus diámetros mínimos de corta (DMC)de 50, 35, 60, 55 y 80 años respectivamente. La reducción de la densidad del rodal favorece los incrementos diamétricos de los individuos de las especies de valor forestal. La proyección del rodal demuestra que un aprovechamiento forestal realizado con las condiciones técnicas y DMC vigentes, la estructura, la dinámica y el volumen aprovechable no se recupera en un período de 25 años.

¿Es el agua un espejismo? algunas reflexiones desde la perspectiva de la educación matemática crítica

Teniendo en cuenta que la educación tradicional es vista como un modelo pedagógico que entre otras: i) se enfoca en desarrollar en los estudiantes conocimientos algorítmicos, ii) hace un énfasis en la ejercitación de procedimientos, iii) no tiene en cuenta el desarrollo social del individuo dentro de una comunidad y tampoco se enfoca en el proceso que tiene un estudiante al desarrollar una actividad con determinado objeto matemático; hoy en día se propende por buscar perspectivas que le permitan a los estudiantes encontrarle sentido a las actividades que el profesor lleva al aula. A la luz de lo anterior, en Colombia han surgido diversas tendencias que han buscado la renovación pedagógica, didáctica y conceptual en la educación escolar, enmarcadas –la mayoría de estas propuestas– dentro de la idea de que los estudiantes se relacionen directamente con el conocimiento, mientras que el profesor toma una postura de orientador del proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, muchos profesores han buscado cambiar sus prácticas tradicionales de enseñanza, un ejemplo de ello lo encontramos en el colectivo de profesores de la Institución Educativa Distrital Colegio Paulo Freire de la localidad de Usme (Bogotá, Colombia); donde los profesores –en concordancia con las ideas del pedagogo Paulo Freire– comparten, como parte de su proyecto educativo, el hecho de ver a la enseñanza como un proceso que debe generar en los estudiantes una comprensión crítica de la realidad social, política y económica en la que él está inmerso.

La matemática de último año de educación media en grupos diferenciados según intereses y habilidades. Una experiencia de atención a la diversidad

El proceso de aprendizaje y enseñanza de la Matemática presenta tradicionalmente una serie de dificultades. Su objeto de estudio, que es pura abstracción creada por el ser humano, así como la existencia de diferentes estilos y ritmos de aprendizaje en los estudiantes, son algunos de los factores que influyen en las dificultades mencionadas. La clase planificada y dirigida a la media del curso provoca frustraciones en los que tienen menos aptitud hacia la Matemática y aburrimiento en los más aventajados. Con el objetivo de que los estudiantes de último año pudieran aprovechar más efectivamente la diversidad curricular, se diseñaron tres grupos diferenciados de Matemática, con un mismo programa, pero ofreciendo la oportunidad de experimentar con un grupo afín en intereses y habilidades, y con una metodología adecuada a los ritmos y estilos de aprendizajes de cada individuo. En este trabajo presentamos la experiencia de estudiantes, profesores, psicólogos y directivos en un esfuerzo común por lograr el desarrollo humano integral.

Art and Social Work: an intervention programme for transforming society’s vision to include people with early-onset dementia and Alzheimer’s

This paper presents a program centred on arts and education as tools in social work for the inclusion of people with earlyonset dementia and Alzheimer’s. The objective of the programme is to eradicate the stigma and myths associated with the disease.The program is part of the Junta de Castilla y León and the European Social Fund’s ARS Project (Arte y Salud Alzheimer; Alzheimer’s Art & Health). The programme presents a series of evaluated artistic and educational activities that can be undertaken by people in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and that can also be used by caregivers and family when working with this group of people, with the aim of improving their wellbeing, self-esteem and quality of life.

Art, adolescence and Social Work: Anja, the invisible manager

This article has been written with the intention of being able to analyse the contributions of art —theatre, in this case— to the practice of social work. For this purpose, we have chosen to read the social reality in which we intervene through the lens of social constructionism. This helps us to rescue the social and subjective side of art, and, moreover, to recover the depathologization of the subject in professional intervention. Thus, using a practical case taken from work with adolescents in the German FSJ programme, hand-in-hand with a young girl called Anja we trace the developmental and sociological aspects of adolescence in order to later address certain common points of art and psychosocial work. Art will hence be redefined as a transitional object allowing questions to be addressed relating to (self-) perception, attachment, communication and changes in conduct as the ultimate goal of professional action. Lastly, we note the limitations and risks of art-based intervention, in order to conclude with a final synopsis.

Literatura y acto: Aquiles, el regreso a la batalla

Greek literature was used from early times with educational purposes, Greek heroes presented were considered as paradigms to follow. However, human acts burst beyond reason and the stories told have little effect on the decisions of the receptor. The aim of this article is to review the character of Achilles in the Iliad, because for him to no avail gifts, friends, much less a narration by his preceptor Phoenix to depose his anger and return to the battlefield to assist his friends.

Discourses on Modernization in the Employment Public Services: Towards a New Form of Governance?

The “crisis of the social issue” in the EU has led to a certain consensus in the need to renew the organizational and institutional model of public administration. The core of the reform implies important administrative changes in most of the European welfare states. Those changes are inspired on theories such as the new public management, management by objectives or partnership. Such changes involve both semantic (“sharing responsibilities”, “effective costs”, or the substitution of “citizen under an administration” by “consumer”) and political (predominance of scattered forms of power and the individualization of responsibilities) transformations which operate in the framework of individuals and State relations. The paradigms of activation and flexicurity have been central in this public administration modernization project. This commitment with new forms of governance of social issues has important consequences for the political and moral foundations of social cohesion, and the Spanish case is not an exception. This paper aims at looking at those representations of “modernization” (as they appear in debates about the employment services restructuring policies) in detail as well as providing references to the trajectory of such reforms of public services since the early eighties to the beginning of the crisis.

Teachers’ perception of visual deficiencies and their impact on students

The sense of vision is people’s main source of information acquisition, hence the importance of a right diagnosis and correction, if necessary, of any faults for proper learning, especially in the early years of schooling. This article discusses the results of a survey of teachers in Andalusian schools that aimed at highlighting their knowledge of their students’ possible visual deficiencies, and its possible impact on school performance. The results indicate that such knowledge is generally limited to the type of refractive anomalies, and that they think that such anomalies are well treated in their students. Despite the importance they attach to these deficiencies on school learning, they think that other factors may have a greater role. They also consider that better training on this topic is necessary.

El pensamiento político de José Ortega y Gasset

Las siguientes páginas versan sobre el pensamiento político de José Ortega y Gasset, mostrando –entre otras cosas– su evolución desde lo que sería el neokantismo de mocedad de Ortega hasta su madurez. Para cumplir con nuestro objetivo se ha recurrido a los escritos de Ortega, así como a autores especializados en su pensamiento. La historia del pensamiento político contemporáneo tiene una deuda contraída con Ortega que desde sus primeros escritos manifestó un claro interés por la política concebida ésta como pedagogía social y cuyo fin debía ser, en primer lugar, solventar los problemas de la vida pública nacional. El pensamiento político de Ortega se define asimismo por la defensa de los valores liberales (liberalismo) compatibles con los principios socialistas (socialismo), que en una primera época de juventud idealista neokantiana adquieren un significado eminentemente cultural aunque también moral, que no se perderá completamente en su madurez o época de plenitud vital, aunque bien es verdad que aquellos dos conceptos (liberalismo y socialismo), así como también su idea de democracia, irán respondiendo a la evolución de su pensamiento.

Documenta 12. Education

Sin resumen

La semilla del arte en el arte infantil

One of the hardest criticism to my doctor investigation, made by a local professor considered as authority in arts, was that I was comparing Art, with capital “A”, and infant art. In that moment he remarked to me that Art have nothing in common with infant art and the last one is a discussed concept. That remark forces me to reflect about de direction of my study, but over all it confront me with mi own sense. I am one of the persons who defend the infant expression in his art value, therefore, instead of avoiding comparison, I decided to declare my posture and center my investigation in the confrontation between

Virtual 3D (MUPAI Virtual 3D)

Virtual reality is currently considered a first-order resource for education and training. In this regard, artistic education, like other disciplines, is backing into this technology as a tool to overcome obstacles and contribute new ways of visualization and of providing information. And, in this case, the use of this technology presents enormous advantages for museums, especially, the more modest ones, which have few resources to disseminate and show their collections and works. Moreover, they have to resort to ingenious solutions to solve their difficulties. Therefore, the Pedagogic Museum of Children’s Art (MUPAI) backs into this technology to overcome some of the difficulties it encounters and to allow interested spectators to see its works, with great realism, and to visit its facilities anywhere in the world and at any time of the day. Hence, virtual reality unfolds new possibilities in the field of education that were inconceivable only a short time ago.

Maestros, museos y artes visuales. Construyendo un imaginario educativo

In this article we think about the need to generate spaces of meeting between museum educators and teachers. We analyze the results of different works elaborated by the research group Art and Education, basically in the report of the project maestrosymuseos.com. Red Iberoamericana de educación en museos (AECID A/8780/07), as well as the offers that we have developed. We appear how we see the teachers in his visits, and how they would like to be seen when they submerge in the territory of the museum. We introduce the supposition that the majority of teachers turn into invisible figures on having come to the museum. The methodology is based on the case studies, affecting in the observation, the interviews, and very special in the specific attention towards the protagonists: the teachers. The work introduces photos that they try to investigate in the same aspects that the article text treats, but enriching it with images that can be read in his format and with particular intentions.

Uso del arte y de la creatividad en las terapias psicosociales. Estudio y valoración de resultados de la utilización de la fotografía con pacientes con un trastorno grave y crónico

This article will reveal the experiment and the subsequent investigation work carried out with patients having chronic and severe mental illness at the Creativity and Rehabilitation Workshop of the Mental Health Service at the Health Department no. 12 of the Hospital Francisco de Borja of Gandia, Spain. The course focuses on patient training in the use of photography and image as a means of expression and as a part of psychosocial therapies to improve patients’ quality of life in front of the society. In addition, it tries to enhance the analytic capacity of the patient not only with regards to the photography aesthetically, but also personally. There are many international scientific surveys backing up the knowledge and use of Artistic and Creative Therapy in chronic patients; however, these activities are seen as pioneering actions in Spain given the current health structure, which includes few national psychiatric centers developing them continuously and being temporally monitored. This experiment demonstrates that photography significantly improves the quality of life of chronic patients and motivates them socially to communicate themselves through art, just as it helps them using creativity as a tool for social action.

De artista a andragogo. Experiencias educativas de docencia no reglada en cursos dirigidos por artistas contemporáneos.

This article focuses mainly on identifying innovative andragogical experiences and educational links established between contemporary artists and university students outside the formal teaching. Its structure consists of an introduction that defines the theoretical and contextual framework, the objectives pursued, the methodology and analytical development results. The analysis of educational concepts, resulting in the kind of knowledge and artistic andragogic, conceptually form a generative teaching in the context of non-formal teaching. Delimiting the complex responsibilities of university professors, linked to Art, through analysis of experiences in higher education andragogic which, initially part of the model of “artist educator” (Barrett, 1995; Laferrière, 2000), plunging into the innovative and alternative educational settings that are currently the compliance with the declaration of 2009 as the International Year of Creativity and Innovation.