Música e surdez: o ensino de música numa perspectiva bilíngue na escola regular

The present study focuses on the development of pedagogical activities in Music Teaching, aiming to enhance the accessibility of musical knowledge for both deaf and hearing students, using a bilingual approach in regular schools. Few studies address Music and Deafness, and those that do focus exclusively on the context of special education, and specifically the deaf student, which signals the urgent need for conducting research on this issue in the context of inclusion – empirically and carried out on school grounds. Therefore, we developed our study at a Natal City Public Elementary school, in a class of 6th graders, comprised of 37 students, 3 of whom were deaf. The objective of the study was to develop a proposal for a pedagogical intervention in Music Teaching, using a bilingual approach, with deaf and hearing students, in the context of regular school classes. The research is based on the theoretical framework presented in Penna (2010), Brito (2001) and Fonterrada (2008), with reference to music education, and Haguiara-Cervellini (2003), Finck (2009) and Louro (2006), with reference to inclusion in teaching music. To achieve this objective, we developed a proposal for intervention based on the methodological dictates of intervention research, presented in studies by Jobim and Souza (2011) in light of the theoretical concepts posited by Mikhail Bakhtin, which assert that knowledge is produced through interaction between subjects, dialogically and through alterity. This methodology was carried out in pedagogical workshops, conceived as spaces for the construction of knowledge, mobilizing participants to engage in ludic activities of musical experimentation. Content covered in these workshops focused on Pulse and Rhythm – basic elements in music education – demonstrating that awareness about and sensitivity to these elements is not limited to the auditory sensory perception of the student, once the entire body is used as an agent of acquisition and expression. Thus, we began the trajectory of our research from the starting point of the identification and perception of „Pulse‟, using one‟s own body and the body of classmates, representing it through physical expressions and movement. Subsequently, this Pulse was extended from the body to a percussion instrument, and was then represented graphically as lines of rhythm, constituting a process of reading and writing; ultimately the intervention culminated in the class presentation with the musical group De Pau e Lata (Stick and Can). In our analysis, faced with the challenges and possibilities presented in our study, findings showed satisfactory results with regard to the participation of all of the students: completing the activities proposed in the class, asking questions when they did not understand, positioning themselves when they thought it necessary, expressing opinions about the work completed, evaluating the workshops given, interacting, helping in the activities, constructing knowledge collaterally, experimenting and experiencing musical elements through the body in activities that applied to both groups (deaf and hearing) in the one class. These indications elucidate the viability of teaching music to deaf and hearing students, using a bilingual approach, and based on experiences with the body and communicative and cultural specificities involved, confirming, as well, the role of Sign Language as a mediator in the teaching/learning process.

Da Merry Boys O Greenland : Explorations into the Musical Dialogue of Shetland’s Nautical Past

Peer reviewed

Commandeering Aesop’s Bamboo Canon: A 19th Century Confederacy of Creole Fugitive Fables

In my thesis, “Commandeering Aesop’s Bamboo Canon: A 19th Century Confederacy of Creole Fugitive Fables,” I ask and answer the ‘Who? What? Where? When? Why?” of Creole Literature using the 19th century production of Aesopian fables as clues to resolve a set of linguistic, historical, literary, and geographical enigmas pertaining the ‘birth-place(s)’ of Creolophone Literatures in the Caribbean Sea, North and South America, as well as the Indian Ocean. Focusing on the fables in Martinique (1846), Reunion Island (1826), and Mauritius (1822), my thesis should read be as an attempt capture the links between these islands through the creation of a particular archive defined as a cartulary-chronicle, a diplomatic codex, or simply a map in which I chart and trace the flight of the founding documents relating to the lives of the individual authors, editors, and printers in order to illustrate the articulation of a formal and informal confederation that enabled the global and local institutional promotion of Creole Literature. While I integrate various genres and multi-polar networks between the authors of this 19th century canon comprised of sacred and secular texts such as proclamations, catechisms, and proverbs, the principle literary genre charted in my thesis are collections of fables inspired by French 17th century French Classical fabulist, Jean de la Fontaine. Often described as the ‘matrix’ of Creolophone Literature, these blues and fables constitute the base of the canon, and are usually described as either ‘translated,’ ‘adapted,’ and even ‘cross-dressed’ into Creole in all of the French Creolophone spaces. My documentation of their transnational sprouting offers proof of an opaque canonical formation of Creole popular literature. By constituting this archive, I emphasize the fact that despite 200 years of critical reception and major developments and discoveries on behalf of Creole language pedagogues, literary scholars, linguists, historians, librarians, archivist, and museum curators, up until now not only have none have curated this literature as a formal canon. I also offer new empirical evidence in order to try and solve the enigma of “How?” the fables materially circulated between the islands, and seek to come to terms with the anonymous nature of the texts, some of which were published under pseudonyms. I argue that part of the confusion on the part of scholars has been the result of being willfully taken by surprise or defrauded by the authors, or ‘bamboozled’ as I put it. The major paradigmatic shift in my thesis is that while I acknowledge La Fontaine as the base of this literary canon, I ultimately bypass him to trace the ancient literary genealogy of fables to the infamous Aesop the Phrygian, whose biography – the first of a slave in the history of the world – and subsequent use of fables reflects a ‘hidden transcript’ of ‘masked political critique’ between ‘master and slave classes’ in the 4th Century B.C.E. Greece.

This archive draws on, connects and critiques the methodologies of several disciplinary fields. I use post-colonial literary studies to map the literary genealogies Aesop; use a comparative historical approach to the abolitions of slavery in both the 19th century Caribbean and the Indian Ocean; and chart the early appearance of folk music in early colonial societies through Musicology and Performance Studies. Through the use of Sociolinguistics and theories of language revival, ecology, and change, I develop an approach of ‘reflexive Creolistics’ that I ultimately hope will offer new educational opportunities to Creole speakers. While it is my desire that this archive serves linguists, book collectors, and historians for further scientific inquiry into the innate international nature of Creole language, I also hope that this innovative material defense and illustration of Creole Literature will transform the consciousness of Creolophones (native and non-native) who too remain ‘bamboozled’ by the archive. My goal is to erase the ‘unthinkability’ of the existence of this ancient maritime creole literary canon from the collective cultural imaginary of readers around the globe.

Seeing How it Sounds: Observation, Imitation and Improved Learning in Piano Playing

Research in various fields has shown that students benefit from teacher action demonstrations during instruction, establishing the need to better understand the effectiveness of different demonstration types across student proficiency levels. This study centres upon a piano learning and teaching environment in which beginners and intermediate piano students (N=48) learning to perform a specific type of staccato were submitted to three different (group exclusive) teaching conditions: audio-only demonstration of the musical task; observation of the teacher's action demonstration followed by student imitation (blockedobservation); and observation of the teacher's action demonstration whilst alternating imitation of the task with the teacher's performance (interleaved-observation). Learning was measured in relation to students' range of wrist amplitude (RWA) and ratio of sound and inter-sound duration (SIDR) before, during and after training. Observation and imitation of the teacher’s action demonstrations had a beneficial effect on students' staccato knowledge retention at different times after training: students submitted to interleaved-observation presented significantly shorter note duration and larger wrist rotation, and as such, were more proficient at the learned technique in each of the lesson and retention tests than students in the other learning conditions. There were no significant differences in performance or retention for students of different proficiency levels. These findings have relevant implications for instrumental music pedagogy and other contexts where embodied action is an essential aspect of the learning process.

Técnicas contemporâneas do clarinete : a sua aprendizagem no ensino secundário

No âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino da Música, especificamente no que concerne à disciplina de Projeto Educativo, procedeu-se ao estudo abaixo relatado, que derivou da constatação de que existe uma lacuna no ensino do clarinete a nível secundário. A ausência de abordagem e/ou referência às técnicas contemporâneas no âmbito dos programas pedagógicos das diversas academias e conservatórios de música requer uma reflexão mais aprofundada, pois a sua omissão limita o futuro desenvolvimento musical de competências essenciais para a sua prática no Ensino Superior. Deste modo, procedeu-se a um estudo de caso qualitativo que procurasse compreender, explorar e descrever a aprendizagem das técnicas contemporâneas no Ensino Complementar. Por conseguinte, elaborou-se um inquérito para clarinetistas que frequentam ou frequentaram o Ensino Superior, e que visa avaliar a experiência dos inquiridos face a estas técnicas. Assim sendo, o presente estudo procura reforçar a implementação da aprendizagem dessas técnicas ditas contemporâneas ao nível do Ensino Secundário, apontando as suas vantagens e definindo as medidas em que estas poderão ser inseridas.

Petr Eben's oratorio Apologia Sokratus (1967) and ballet Curses and Blessings (1983): An interpretative analysis of the symbolism behind the text settings and musical style

The Czech composer Petr Eben (1927-2007) has written music in all genres except symphony, but he is highly recognized for his organ and choral compositions, which are his preferred genres. His vocal works include choral songs and vocal-instrumental works at a wide range of difficulty levels, from simple pedagogical songs to very advanced and technically challenging compositions. This study examines two of Eben‘s vocal-instrumental compositions. The oratorio Apologia Sokratus (1967) is a three-movement work; its libretto is based on Plato‘s Apology of Socrates. The ballet Curses and Blessings (1983) has a libretto compiled from numerous texts from the thirteenth to the twentieth centuries. The formal design of the ballet is unusual—a three-movement composition where the first is choral, the second is orchestral, and the third combines the previous two played simultaneously. Eben assembled the libretti for both compositions and they both address the contrasting sides of the human soul, evil and good, and the everlasting fight between them. This unity and contrast is the philosophical foundation for both compositions. The dissertation discusses the multileveled meanings behind the text settings and musical style of the oratorio and ballet in analyses focusing on the text, melodic and harmonic construction, and symbolism. Additional brief analyses of other vocal and vocal-instrumental compositions by Eben establish the ground for the examination of the oratorio and ballet and for understanding features of the composer‘s musical style. While the oratorio Apologia Sokratus was discussed in short articles in the 1970s, the ballet Curses and Blessings has never previously been addressed within Eben scholarship. The dissertation examines the significant features of Eben‘s music. His melodic style incorporates influences as diverse as Gregorian chant and folk tunes on the one hand, and modern vocal techniques such as Sprechgesang and vocal aleatoricism on the other. His harmonic language includes bitonality and polytonality, used to augment the tonal legacy of earlier times, together with elements of pitch collections and limited serial procedures as well as various secundal and quartal harmonic sonorities derived from them. His music features the vibrant rhythms of folk music, and incorporates other folk devices like ostinato, repetitive patterns, and improvisation.

Programas de cravo do ensino básico e secundário no ano letivo 2014/2015 em Portugal - estudo reflexivo

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino da Música

A adaptação curricular do ensino de música em escolas públicas de pelotas a partir da implantação da lei 11.769/2008

Este trabalho teve como foco a presença da área de conhecimento música no curso Normal de duas escolas públicas do município de Pelotas/RS: O Instituto Estadual de Educação Assis Brasil e o Colégio Municipal Pelotense. Considerando que esta modalidade formativa habilita professores para o trabalho na educação infantil e anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, investigamos a educação musical que está sendo desenvolvida no curso Normal e em que concepções se apoia esta prática. Após seis anos de vigência da Lei 11.769/2008, que alterou o artigo 26 da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases de 1996 e incluiu a obrigatoriedade do ensino dos conteúdos de música dentro do componente curricular Arte, esta pesquisa compreendeu o processo de adaptação dos currículos escolares, as discussões em torno da atual legislação e as orientações por parte das mantenedoras, tendo em vista a referida Lei. Outra questão presente nesta pesquisa, refere-se à identificação do profissional responsável por trabalhar os conteúdos de música, já que a Lei 11.769/2008 excluiu, por meio de veto presidencial, o artigo que solicitava formação específica na área. Após o período do canto orfeônico no Brasil, as Leis de Diretrizes e Bases de 1961 e 1971, respectivamente, não ratificaram esta área de forma permanente nos currículos escolares. Em 1996, uma nova LDB, suscitaria novas esperanças aos professores de música e aos pesquisadores da área, no entanto, esta legislação não atendeu as expectativas dos profissionais ligados à música, permanecendo a educação musical ausente em muitos contextos educativos. A partir da Lei 11.769/2008, esta pesquisa objetivou identificar se a efetiva inclusão dos conteúdos de música na disciplina de Arte se concretizou, já que a LDB de 1996 não clarificou quais as áreas deveriam ser contempladas dentro deste componente curricular. Além desses aspectos, esta pesquisa também problematizou a atual situação do ensino de música no contexto geral das escolas estaduais e das instituições municipais de Pelotas/RS.

Improvisação sobre standards de jazz para instrumentos melódicos: uma abordagem progressiva de base diatónica

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino da Música

O repertório musical português no ensino da tuba

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino da Música

Geschichten erzählen als Methode im Musikunterricht. Ergebnisse und Forschungsmethoden einer historischen Studie

Storytelling as a teaching method in the music classroom can no longer be found in repertoires of music teaching methods, even though stories are still being told in music lessons nowadays and storytelling has a long teaching tradition. Numerous sources of the late 18th century and beyond account for different kinds of storytelling in the German music classroom. They have systematically been analysed with regard to certain aspects and teaching patterns. In this way the present study takes account of a decades- old demand within the discipline of historical music pedagogical research, which has postulated a structural historiography. Starting with a reflection of the historiographical research method the author finally illustrates the benefits of combining historical classroom research and the research of current teaching practices. (DIPF/Orig.)

Uma espécie de ópera, o gesto na condução musical

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino da Música

Wie denken Lehrer*innen über (das Unterrichten von) Musiktheorie?

Teaching music theory is an essential, yet a barely researched part of music education in secondary schools. This paper examines the expert knowledge of Bavarian teachers regarding this subject After discussing the background and the methodology of this study the differences among the music teachers' understanding of "music theory" are illustrated with three examples: While all three interviewees agree that music theory is a set of specific knowledge, they differ by a) locating it in the non-practical, b) connecting it with practical applications or c) isolating it as knowledge, that, at first, has to be learned in isolation. These conceptions of music theory can be understood as intrinsically connected with didactic assumptions and are founded in the teachers' biographies. (DIPF/Orig.)

A pertinência dos conteúdos e matérias de produção áudio e musical na elaboração de um currículo de ensino especializado da música

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino da Música

A docência no piano : representações sociais de professores de escolas de música em Taguatinga

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Música, Programa de Pós-graduação em Música, 2015.