Programa Bolsa Fam??lia: descentraliza????o, centraliza????o ou gest??o em redes?

O artigo analisa o processo de implementa????o e o modelo de gest??o do Programa Bolsa Fam??lia (PBF), no cerne do debate de centraliza????o-descentraliza????o. A hip??tese do estudo ?? que o PBF n??o apenas caminhou para o fortalecimento da descentraliza????o, superando alguns desafios da consolida????o do ???pacto federativo???, como tamb??m construiu uma configura????o mais complexa, pr??xima ?? gest??o em redes. Para tanto, ?? apresentada uma discuss??o te??rica acerca do federalismo, da descentraliza????o das pol??ticas sociais e do conceito de redes de pol??ticas p??blicas. Em seguida, s??o discernidos os princ??pios que fundamentaram a concep????o do programa, bem como as principais estrat??gias de implementa????o. Como conclus??o, argumenta-se que apesar de ainda persistirem desafios ?? gest??o compartilhada, a implementa????o do PBF se pautou n??o apenas no princ??pio da descentraliza????o, como tamb??m na transpar??ncia, controle e participa????o popular.

Articula????o federativa na presta????o de servi??os sociais no Brasil

O artigo analisa as mudan??as na presta????o de servi??os p??blicos a partir da Constitui????o de 1988, quando um novo pacto federativo acompanhou a redemocratiza????o pol??tica, resultando em ampla descentraliza????o para estados e munic??pios, acompanhada de nova estrutura de reparti????o dos recursos tribut??rios. Com esse objetivo, resgata-se o processo de forma????o de sistemas de presta????o de servi??os baseados na coopera????o entre as tr??s esferas de governo, focalizando as ??reas de educa????o, sa??de e assist??ncia social. Discutem-se as inova????es adotadas com a cria????o de formas organizacionais de negocia????o entre os entes federativos; a incorpora????o da participa????o social na formula????o e controle das pol??ticas p??blicas; a desburocratiza????o dos fluxos de recursos financeiros e de informa????es; e a ado????o de novos instrumentos jur??dicos de descentraliza????o de programas e a????es. O texto aponta ainda os impactos dessa descentraliza????o e das formas de articula????o federativa, indicando a necessidade de novas reformas nos sistemas administrativos e na pol??tica de recursos humanos.

Air pollution at an urban traffic tunnel in Lisbon, Portugal

In this study, the results of chemical concentrations inside and outside of a Lisbon (Portugal) traffic tunnel were compared, during one week. They were obtained by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). The tunnel values largely exceed the Air Ambient legislated values and the Pearson Correlations Coefficients point out to soil re-suspension/dispersed road dust (As, Ce, Eu, Hf, Fe, Mo, Sc, Zn), traffic-markers (Ba, Cr), tire wear (Cr, Zn), break wear (Fe, Zn, Ba, Cu, Sb), exhaust and motor oil (Zn) and sea-spray (Br, Na). On all days these elements inside the tunnel were more enriched than outside; significant statistical differences were found for Co (p=0.005), Br (p=0.008), Zn (p=0.01) and Sb (p=0.005), while enrichment factors of As and Sc are statistically identical. The highest values were found for As, Br, Zn and Sb, for both inside and outside the tunnel.

Projecto de execução de uma passagem superior em betão armado e pré-esforçado

O presente documento é o projecto de execução de uma passagem superior. Esta é composta por 4 vãos com diferentes comprimentos, suportando duas vias de trânsito em sentidos opostos. Com um comprimento total de 97.00 metros, a estrutura da ponte é inteiramente composta por betão armado e pré esforçado, sendo o seu tabuleiro suportado por 3 pilares de secção variável. O dimensionamento respeitou os regulamentos nacionais em vigor, nomeadamente o Regulamento de Betão Armado e Pré-Esforçado (REBAP), o Regulamento de Segurança e Acções para Edifícios e Pontes (RSA) e o Eurocódigo 2, nas situações onde os anteriores são omissos.

Aspectos mensurables relevantes para el aprendizaje organizativo en acuerdos de cooperación interempresarial

Esta ponencia presenta un estudio de las principales líneas teóricas existentes sobre la gestión, la teoría de los costes de transacción, la de los recursos y capacidades y la teoría de la KM. Se desarrollan las aportaciones más importantes sobre el aprendizaje en las organizaciones realizadas por la literatura especializada. Seguidamente y a partir de la bibliografía analizada se establecen las relaciones existentes entre la cooperación interempresarial y la creación de conocimiento organizacional en el seno de las empresas, para determinar que se debe medir en el aprendizaje organizativo en acuerdos de cooperación interempresarial.

Optimal methodology for distribution systems reconfiguration based on OPF and solved by decomposition technique

This paper presents a new and efficient methodology for distribution network reconfiguration integrated with optimal power flow (OPF) based on a Benders decomposition approach. The objective minimizes power losses, balancing load among feeders and subject to constraints: capacity limit of branches, minimum and maximum power limits of substations or distributed generators, minimum deviation of bus voltages and radial optimal operation of networks. The Generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is applied to solve the problem. The formulation can be embedded under two stages; the first one is the Master problem and is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. This stage determines the radial topology of the distribution network. The second stage is the Slave problem and is formulated as a non-linear programming problem. This stage is used to determine the feasibility of the Master problem solution by means of an OPF and provides information to formulate the linear Benders cuts that connect both problems. The model is programmed in GAMS. The effectiveness of the proposal is demonstrated through two examples extracted from the literature.

Scheduling in holonic manufacturing systems

This chapter presents some of the issues with holonic manufacturing systems. It starts by presenting the current manufacturing scenario and trends and then provides some background information on the holonic concept and its application to manufacturing. The current limitations and future trends of manufacturing suggest more autonomous and distributed organisations for manufacturing systems; holonic manufacturing systems are proposed as a way to achieve such autonomy and decentralisation. After a brief literature survey a specific research work is presented to handle scheduling in holonic manufacturing systems. This work is based on task and resource holons that cooperate with each other based on a variant of the contract net protocol that allow the propagation of constraints between operations in the execution plan. The chapter ends by presenting some challenges and future opportunities of research.

From task scheduling in single processor environments to message scheduling in a PROFIBUS fieldbus network

In this paper we survey the most relevant results for the prioritybased schedulability analysis of real-time tasks, both for the fixed and dynamic priority assignment schemes. We give emphasis to the worst-case response time analysis in non-preemptive contexts, which is fundamental for the communication schedulability analysis. We define an architecture to support priority-based scheduling of messages at the application process level of a specific fieldbus communication network, the PROFIBUS. The proposed architecture improves the worst-case messages’ response time, overcoming the limitation of the first-come-first-served (FCFS) PROFIBUS queue implementations.

Construção e utilização de equipamentos de baixo custo para ensino de Física

Experimental work has been taking a great importance in Science curricula in several countries. This fact is now changing the conception of the role of the laboratory in the classroom. This role no longer seen as an instrument to illustrate or confirm some concepts but became the essential place of the learning process in Science. However, the implementation of several experimental procedures frequently faces equipment limitations, whether because those indicated in textbooks do not exist in schools due to prohibitive costs for most school budgets, or because their use is far too complex to be done by students. In this dissertation, a few examples of experimental equipment, made with day-today supplies is analyzed, as well as those that can be acquired at low prices and might have high positive effect in the Science learning process. We also discuss some relevant equipment in the teaching of Physics that can be created by teachers and students in schools, as part of curricular or non curricular subject areas such as “Área de Projecto” in the twelfth grade. These equipments, easy to conceive and produce with reasonable costs resources, when compared to the commercial equipment, which are much more expensive, presents very good experimental results.

Resultados clínicos de doentes referenciados a Centro Oncológico

Os tumores da cabeça e pescoço (TCP) associam-se a elevada morbilidade e mortalidade. A referenciação atempada assume particular importância na evolução clínica. No intuito de avaliar a evolução dos doentes observados em consulta de Otorrinolaringologia “Oncológica”, procedeu-se a um estudo dos doentes com TCP referenciados ao Instituto Português de Oncologia (IPO) de Lisboa no ano 2008. Dos 454 doentes observados, a maioria era do sexo masculino (86%) com idade média 60 anos. Os tumores mais comuns foram laríngeos (36%), a maioria (69%) em estadio avançado. A cirurgia foi o tratamento primário em 60%. O intervalo médio de tempo entre primeira consulta e tratamento foi 75 dias, e a sobrevida global aos 2 anos 66%. A maioria dos doentes apresentava tumores avançados aquando da referenciação, o que comprometeu a sobrevida e o controlo locorregional, apesar do início rápido dos tratamentos. Políticas de saúde pública deveriam ser implementadas para melhoria da educação para a saúde, prevenção e referenciação destes doentes.

Automatic Small Bowel Tumor Diagnosis by Using Multi-Scale Wavelet-Based Analysis in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Images

BACKGROUND: Wireless capsule endoscopy has been introduced as an innovative, non-invasive diagnostic technique for evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract, reaching places where conventional endoscopy is unable to. However, the output of this technique is an 8 hours video, whose analysis by the expert physician is very time consuming. Thus, a computer assisted diagnosis tool to help the physicians to evaluate CE exams faster and more accurately is an important technical challenge and an excellent economical opportunity. METHOD: The set of features proposed in this paper to code textural information is based on statistical modeling of second order textural measures extracted from co-occurrence matrices. To cope with both joint and marginal non-Gaussianity of second order textural measures, higher order moments are used. These statistical moments are taken from the two-dimensional color-scale feature space, where two different scales are considered. Second and higher order moments of textural measures are computed from the co-occurrence matrices computed from images synthesized by the inverse wavelet transform of the wavelet transform containing only the selected scales for the three color channels. The dimensionality of the data is reduced by using Principal Component Analysis. RESULTS: The proposed textural features are then used as the input of a classifier based on artificial neural networks. Classification performances of 93.1% specificity and 93.9% sensitivity are achieved on real data. These promising results open the path towards a deeper study regarding the applicability of this algorithm in computer aided diagnosis systems to assist physicians in their clinical practice.

Forte de São Lourenço (Olhão): Arqueologia e História de uma Fortificação Moderna

Dissertação de mestrado em Arqueologia

Las reformas de las universidades ibéricas en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII

Bajo los auspicios reformadores del Marqués de Pombal, los nuevos estatutos de la Universidad de Coimbra, ratificados por el rey José I en junio de 1772, representaron una importante revisión de los principales estudios en Portugal. Hacia un largo tiempo que los Estatutos de la Universidad de Coimbra no fueron revisados, y la revisión de los Estatutos de 1559 (rey Sebastián), 1591 (el rey Felipe I de Portugal, II de Castilla) y 1653 (rey João IV), se observa que, en comparación con más de dos siglos de vigencia del mismo modelo con modificaciones más o menos limitados, los Estatutos de 1772 traen un nuevo pensamiento y un nuevo impulso mediante la promoción, en particular, de la educación y el desarrollo de las Ciencias exactas y naturales y la valoración del método experimental. Al mismo tiempo, en España, el rey Carlos III, renuncia a imponer un único modelo de estudios de todas las universidades. En ambos casos, el portugués y el español, la urgencia de las reformas es mas aguda pues que los jesuitas fueron expulsados de los territorios en 1759 y 1767, respectivamente; y tanto precursores como mentores quieren estas reformas para abrir las universidades a la ciencia moderna y el humanismo de la Ilustración. La renovación de los contenidos y métodos de enseñanza en Coimbra fue notoria, con la preocupación notable con la investigación, lo que no era muy común en la época. Había también una preocupación con las necesidades de la sociedad en una forma muy práctica (habiendo sido en la época construido el Observatorio Astronómico, el Laboratorio de Física, etc.). Al mismo tempo, la universidad de Coimbra tuvo como profesores dos matemáticos notables, José Anastácio da Cunha y José Monteiro da Rocha. En España también fueron importantes los ensayos de renovación de los métodos, de apertura a la ciencia de la época, de conexión con las realidades de la sociedad española, de coordinación de esfuerzos para conformar una «comunidad universitaria española». En esta comunicación se hace una discusión de comparación entre las dos reformas ibéricas.

The diagnostic and prognostic role of liquid-based cytology: are we ready to monitor therapy and resistance?

Here, we evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of liquid-based cytology (LBC) in different body lesions, including thyroid, lung, effusions and malignant breast lesions. LBC has gained consensus after being applied to both non-gynecologic and fine-needle aspiration cytology. Although some remain sceptical regarding the diagnostic efficacy of LBC, mainly when used alone, in recent years, good results have been obtained as long as it showed a high diagnostic accuracy. Here, we discuss the additional possibility of storing material for the application of ancillary techniques (immunocytochemistry–molecular analysis) with several diagnostic and prognostic advantages, which may pave the way for the challenging evaluation of both monitoring responses to treatment and resistance to targeted therapies in thyroid, lung, breast carcinoma or malignant effusions. Furthermore, it provides the use of several molecular spots as specific targets for personalized therapy.