A disciplina de Canto Coral e o seu report��rio de 1918 a 1960

Este artigo resulta da apresenta����o, no ��ltimo Encontro da Escola de Outono realizado em 50 de Setembro de 2000, de um trabalho de disserta����o de mestrado em Ci��ncias Musicais, Especialidade de Ci��ncias Musicais hist��ricas, sob o t��tulo A Disciplina de Canto Coral no Per��odo do Estado Novo: Contributo para a hist��ria do Ensino da Educa����o Musical em Portugal. Apesar da investiga����o ter incidido no per��odo compreendido entre 1950 e 1960, que para muitos historiadores s��o as datas que marcaram, respectivamente, o come��o da estabiliza����o do regime e o seu decl��nio, recuou-se at�� 1918, data da institucionaliza����o da disciplina para toda a popula����o do ensino liceal. Dado que o Canto Coral passou por fases distintas ao longo do per��odo j�� referido, optou-se pela escolha de tr��s can����es que pudessem ajudar a caracterizar tr��s momentos particularmente significativos da hist��ria da disciplina.

Contribui����o para o desenvolvimento de um modelo de gest��o integrada de AMPs da regi��o aut��noma da Madeira casos de estudo: reserva natural parcial do Garajau e reserva natural integral das ilhas Selvagens

Disserta����o apresentada na Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Gest��o e Sistemas Ambientais.

Coral snake venoms: mode of action and pathophysiology of experimental envenomation

Coral snakes, the New World Elapidae, are included in the genera Micniroides and Micrurus. The genus Mlcrurus comprises nearly all coral snake species and those which are responsible for human snake-bite accidents. The following generalizations concerning the effects induced by their venoms, and their venom-properties can be made. Coral snake venoms are neurotoxic, producing loss of muscle strenght and death by respiratory paralysis. Local edema and necrosis are not induced nor blood coagulation or hemorrhages. Proteolysis activity is absent or of very low grade. They display phospholipase A2 activity. Nephrotoxic effects are not evoked. The main toxins from elapid venoms are postsynaptic and presynaptic neurotoxins and cardiotoxins. Phospholipases A2 endowed with myonecrotic or cardiotoxin-like properties are important toxic components from some elapid venoms. The mode of action of Micrurus frontalis, M. lemniscatus, M. corallinus and M. fulvius venoms has been investigated in isolated muscle preparations and is here discussed. It is shown that while M. frontalis and M. lemniscatus venoms must contain only neurotoxins that act at the cholinergic end-plate receptor (postsynaptic neurotoxins), M. corallinus venom also inhibits evoked acetylcholine release by the motor nerve endings (presynaptic neurotoxin-like effect) and M. fulvius induces muscle fiber membrane depolarization (cardiotoxin-like effect). The effects produced by M. corallinus and M. fulvius venoms in vivo in dogs and M. frontalis venom in dogs and monkeys are also reported.

A transposi����o de investiga����o resultante das teses de mestrado e doutoramento para os programas curriculares do ensino secund��rio: o caso das novas tecnologias

Disserta����o apresentada como requisito parcial para obten����o do grau de Mestre em Ci��ncia e Sistemas de Informa����o Geogr��fica

Faian��a portuguesa nas Ilhas Brit��nicas (dos finais do s��culo XVI aos in��cios do s��culo XVIII)

Disserta����o apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necess��rios �� obten����o do grau de Doutor em Hist��ria, especialidade de Arqueologia.

As teses do defensor Pacis, II, XIII

pp. 205-227

Estudo da valoriza����o de cinzas de biomassa na produ����o de materiais para a constru����o de recifes artificiais

Disserta����o para obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Energia e Bioenergia

Bites by coral snakes (Micrurus spp.) in Campinas, State of S��o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil

Coral snakes (Micrurus spp.) are the main representatives of the Elapidae in South America. However, bites by these snakes are uncommon. We retrospectively reviewed the data from 11 individuals bitten by coral snakes over a 20-year period; four were confirmed (snake brought for identification) and seven were highly suspected (neuromuscular manifestations) cases of elapid envenoming. The cases were classified as dry-bite (n = 1, caused by M. lemniscatus; did not receive antivenom), mild (n = 2, local manifestations with no acute myasthenic syndrome; M. frontalis and Micrurus spp.), moderate (n = 5, mild myasthenia) or severe (n = 3, important myasthenia; one of them caused by M. frontalis). The main clinical features upon admission were paresthesia (local, n = 9; generalized, n = 2), local pain (n = 8), palpebral ptosis (n = 8), weakness (n = 4) and inability to stand up (n = 3). No patient developed respiratory failure. Antivenom was used in ten cases, with mild early reactions occurring in three. An anticholinesterase drug was administered in the three severe cases, with a good response in two. No deaths were observed. Despite the high toxicity of coral snake venoms, the prognosis following envenoming is good. In serious bites by M. frontalis or M. lemniscatus, the venom of which acts postsynaptically, anticholinesterases may be useful as an ancillary measure if antivenom is unavailable, if there is a delay in obtaining a sufficient amount, or in those patients given the highest recommended doses of antivenom without improvement of the paralysis or with delayed recovery.

Envenomation by Micrurus coral snakes in the Brazilian Amazon region: report of two cases

Two cases of proven coral snake bites were reported in Bel��m, Par�� State, Brazil. The first case was a severe one caused by Micrurus surinamensis. The patient required mechanical ventilation due to acute respiratory failure. The second case showed just mild signs of envenomation caused by Micrurus filiformis. Both patients received specific Micrurus antivenom and were discharged without further complications. Coral snake bites are scarcely reported in the Amazon region and there is a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, varying from extremely mild to those which may rapidly lead to death if the patient is not treated as soon as possible.

Envenoming by coral snakes (Micrurus) in Argentina, during the period between 1979-2003

Envenomation by coral snakes (Micrurus sp.) is one of the most dangerous injuries in America and it is considered as a serious medical emergency, however bites by these snakes appear to be rare. We analyzed epidemiological data, clinical signs and antivenom use in Argentina during the period between 1979-2003. During this period of study 46 non-fatal Micrurus bites were reported. The majority of cases were men from 31 to 40 years old. Bites occurred primarily in spring and summer. Most cases were reported from the northeast and northwest provinces of the country. The bites were mostly located on hands or feet and occurred mostly during agricultural activities and so mainly involved farmers. Only four cases occurred as a result of handling snakes. The median time it took for antivenom to be administrated was 60 minutes after the bite, and the median number of vials applied was 2. Local pain was mentioned and edema was reported in 41% of patients. All patients recovered without sequelae. This study showed a low incidence of Micrurus bites and low severity of envenomation. However, although no deaths have been reported during the last 30 years, given the toxicity of the venom of Micrurus snakes, the risk of severe envenomation should be considered.

CORAL SNAKE ANTIVENOM PRODUCED IN CHICKENS (Gallus domesticus)

The production of anti-snake venom from large mammal's blood has been found to be low-yielding and arduous, consequently, antivenom immunoglobulins for treatment are achieved regularly as polyvalent serum. We have standardized an undemanding technique for making purified immunoglobulin IgY antivenom consisting of polyclonal antibodies against coral snake venom in the egg yolk of immunized hens. We have adapted a reported process of antibody purification from egg yolks, and achieved 90% antibody purity. The customized technique consisted of the removal of lipids from distilled water-diluted egg yolks by a freeze–thaw sequence. The specific immunoglobulins were present in the egg yolk for up to 180 days postimmunization. Therefore, by means of small venom quantities, a significant amount of immunoglobulins were found in an adequately purified state (The obtained material contained about 90% pure IgY). The antigen binding of the immunoglobulins was detected by a double immunodiffusion test. Titers of antibodies in the yolk were estimated with a serum protection assay (Median effective dose = ED50) (ED50= 477 mg/kg). Given that breeding hens is economically feasible, egg gathering is noninvasive and the purification of IgY antibodies is quick and easy, chicken immunization is an excellent alternative for the production of polyclonal antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first coral snake antivenom prepared in birds.

Potencialidades das ilhas de Cabo Verde para o turismo: subs��dios para uma gest��o integrada

Disserta����o apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necess��rios �� obten����o do grau de Mestre em Gest��o do Territ��rio/ Especializa����o em Ambiente e Recursos Naturais

Estudo dos culic��deos (Diptera: Culicidae) nos cemit��rios das ilhas da Madeira e Porto Santo.

O estudo bioecol��gico dos culic��deos �� de grande import��ncia, pois deste modo, �� poss��vel detectar a presen��a de v��rias esp��cies de mosquitos vectores de agentes patog��nicos para o Homem e outros animais. Al��m disso, os culic��deos podem ser considerados factor de incomodidade para as popula����es humanas, devido ��s reac����es al��rgicas provocadas pelas suas picadas e pela dor causada. De Janeiro a Agosto de 2009 foram examinadas 415 armadilhas de oviposi����o e foram prospectados 700 recipientes artificiais nos 52 cemit��rios das ilhas da Madeira e do Porto Santo. Das 415 armadilhas de oviposi����o examinadas, 148 (35,7%) continham formas imaturas, e, apesar dos cemit��rios serem considerados as principais fontes de certas esp��cies de mosquitos, apenas foram detectados 45 (6,4%) criadouros larvares nos 700 recipientes artificiais com ��gua investigados. Foram identificadas 4 esp��cies de mosquitos: Aedes (Finlaya) eatoni (Edwards, 1916), Culiseta (Allotheobaldia) longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), Culex (Culex) pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) e Culex (Culex) theileri (Theobald, 1903). Verificou-se a predomin��ncia de Aedes eatoni em rela����o ��s outras esp��cies. A distribui����o dos mosquitos variou com a altitude e com a temperatura do ar, encontrando-se em maior abund��ncia nos 200-300 metros e entre os 22-26��C. Os recipientes de metal (���2=156,9; p=0,00<0,05) e aqueles com capacidade at�� 0,5 litros (���2=9,925; p=0,0019<0,05) foram os preferidos pelas formas imaturas. No entanto, os imaturos n��o mostraram prefer��ncia em rela����o �� exposi����o solar dos recipientes (���2=0,799; p=0,671). ix Em rela����o �� qualidade da ��gua dos criadouros, verificou-se que a temperatura da ��gua (t=- 1,39; p=0,16) e o teor em oxig��nio dissolvido (z=-1,21; p=0,23) n��o tiveram qualquer influ��ncia na presen��a dos imaturos, mas tiveram-no o pH (z=-2,12; p=0,03<0,05) e a salinidade (z=-3,089; p=0,002<0,05) que influenciaram a sua presen��a tendo os respectivos valores variado entre 6-8 e 0,1-1,7 g/L, respectivamente. Verificou-se a exist��ncia de uma associa����o larvar entre Culiseta longiareolata e Culex pipiens (���2=32,05; p=0,00<0,05) e entre Culex pipiens e Culex theileri (���2=118,71; p=0,00<0,05). O mosquito Aedes aegypti n��o foi encontrado durante o per��odo de estudo que ocorreu de Janeiro a Agosto de 2009. No entanto, foi detectado nos cemit��rios de C��mara de Lobos e do Cani��o no decorrer de duas campanhas, nas quais a autora participou, nos meses de Outubro e Novembro do mesmo ano.

Estudo emp��rico : motiva����o e aprendizagem nas aulas de forma����o musical e classe de conjunto coral : um estudo de caso comparativo

Relat��rio de Est��gio apresentado �� Escola Superior de Artes Aplicadas do Instituto Polit��cnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necess��rios �� obten����o do grau de Mestre em Ensino da M��sica ��� Forma����o Musical e M��sica de Conjunto.