883 resultados para Crimes internacionais


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Following orders, hierarchical obedience and military discipline are essential values for the survival of the armed forces. Without them, it is not possible to conceive the armed forces as an essential pillar of a democratic state of law and a guarantor of national independence. As issuing orders as well as receiving and following them are inextricably linked to military discipline, and as such injunctions entail the workings of a particular obedience regime within the specific kind of organized power framework which is the Armed Forces, only by analysing the importance of such orders within this microcosm – with its strict hierarchical structure – will it be possible to understand which criminal judicial qualification to ascribe to the individual at the rear by reference to the role of the front line individual (i.e. the one who issues an order vs the one who executes it). That is, of course, when we are faced with the practice of unlawful acts, keeping in mind the organizational framework and its influence over the will of the executor. One thing we take as read, if the orders can be described as unlawful, the boundary line of the duty of obedience, which cannot be overstepped, both because of a legal as well as a constitutional imperative, will have been crossed. And the military have sworn an oath of obedience to the fundamental law. The topic of hierarchical obedience cannot be separated from the analysis of current legislation which pertains to the topic within military institutions. With that in mind, it appeared relevant to address the major norms which regulate the matter within the Portuguese military legal system, and, whenever necessary and required by the reality under analysis, to relate that to civilian law or legal doctrine.

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Esta Dissertação tem por objecto a pesquisa, recolha, análise e organização da terminologia que o Ministério das Relações Exteriores de Angola utiliza nas negociações internacionais. A terminologia foi recolhida essencialmente nos Acordos concluídos com Bélgica, França, Portugal e Reino Unido da Grã-Bretanha e Irlanda do Norte. Com a organização da terminologia espera-se a melhoria da comunicação entre os órgãos centrais e os órgãos externos do MIREX, bem como o reforço da sua capacidade negocial. Para atingir os objectivos preconizados a dissertação foi dividida em duas partes: a primeira que corresponde aos capítulos I e II debruça-se sobre o domínio das relações internacionais, o subdomínio das negociações internacionais, a organização do Estado angolano bem como os órgãos competentes para representá-lo nas negociações. A segunda parte, subdividida em três capítulos focaliza-se nos aspectos práticos sobre terminologia, começando por apresentar a metodologia utilizada para a constituição e tratamento do corpus, extracção de termos, análise de dados com incidência na equivalência dos documentos bilingues, português-inglês e português-francês. Para a gestão da terminologia recolhida foi concebida uma proposta de base de dados multilingue com os termos em português e respectivos equivalentes em inglês e francês para atender a demanda internacional de Angola.

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The management of terrorism presents an added importance because of the ignorance and uncertainty that this threat to peace launches in societies. From the globalization process has resulted a capacity of mobility and communication which allowed the spread of terrorism globally and hence the ability to be in the international agenda. Thus it became necessary a synergy between the main international organizations and states, in the common interest of managing terrorism to acceptable levels. This thesis aims to assess how much space is reserved for intelligence on combating terrorism. To this end, it carried out a literature review related to intelligence, security and terrorism, such as legislation and official documents, national and international. These allowed realize the strategies for combating terrorism of major international organizations and the Portuguese, the institutions that are in charge of fighting terrorism and related crimes, highlighting the intelligence institutions within the European Union and Portugal. Intelligence should enter on this panel by the need to meet the threat and its contours. On the one hand lies to understand the framework which establishes terrorism, tracing relevant scenarios to reduce uncertainty in decision-making and, on the other hand, also be responsible for disseminating information to other stakeholders on security, allowing its commands to use the means efficiently.

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The subject of study of this Thesis aims to highlight and recognize as an object of reflection the undoubted relationship between the Internet and the Justice System, based on the issue of digital evidence. The simultaneously crossing of the juridical-legal implications and the more technical computer issues is the actual trigger for the discussion of the issues established. The Convention on Cybercrime of the Council of Europe of 23rd November 2001 and the Council Framework Decision n.° 2005/222/JHA of 24th February 2005 were avant-garde in terms of the international work about the crimes in the digital environment. In addition they enabled the harmonization of national legislations on the matter and, consequently, a greater flexibility in international judicial cooperation. Portugal, in compliance with these international studies, ratified, implemented and approved Law n. º 109/2009 of 15th September concerning the Cybercrime Act, establishing a more specific investigation and collection of evidence in electronic support when it comes to combating this type of crime, as it reinforced the Substantive Criminal Law and Procedural Nature. Nevertheless, the constant debates about the New Technologies of Information and Communication have not neglected the positive role of these tools for the user. However, they express a particular concern for their counterproductive effects; a special caution prevails on the part of the judge in assessing the digital evidence, especially circumstantial evidence, due to the its fragility. Indisputably, the practice of crimes through the computer universe, given its inexorable technical complexity, entails many difficulties for the forensic investigation, since the proofs hold temporary, changeable, volatile, and dispersed features. In this pillar, after the consummation of iter criminis, the Fundamental Rights of the suspects may be debated in the course of the investigation and the construction of iter probatorium. The intent of this Thesis is to contribute in a reflective way on the issues presented in order to achieve a bigger technical and legal awareness regarding the collection of digital proof, looking for a much lighter approach to its suitability in terms of evidentiary value.

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Contient : Table d'un recueil de « Licts de justice et séances des roys de France et autres assemblées solemneles, és cours de Parlement de Paris, Toulouse, Bordeaux et Roüen, depuis l'an 1369 jusques en l'an 1635... » [cf. le ms. français 18410] ; « La séance et le rang d'opiner observez aux jugemens contre les princes et les pairs de France accusez du crime de lèse-majesté », Lits de justice des années 1378-1616 ; Extraits d'ordonnances de François premier, 1515, et de Charles IX, 1566 ; Mémoires de Théodore GODEFROY, concernant le crime de lèse-majesté ; Crime de lèse-majesté en Angleterre, 1572, 1587 et 1601 ; Notes de monsieur DE PRIÉZAC, concernant la politique, orig ; Arrêts du Conseil du Roi et du Grand-Conseil, 1502-1513 ; Arrêts de condamnation à mort prononcés contre divers grands personnages, 1545-1551 ; Lettre d'Arnaud « Du Ferrier », ambassadeur à Venise, « touchant la sortie de France du marquis du Maine sans le consentement du Roy », juin 1572, orig ; Copie d'un acte de Louis XIII, 1627 ; Pièce concernant le procès du maréchal Louis de Marillac, 1633 ; Arrêts de la Chambre du Domaine, ordonnances et autres pièces, concernant divers dons du Roi et diverses confiscations, 1631-1633, in-8°, impr ; « Mémoire de monseigneur [le chancelier Séguier] pour l'affaire de monsieur [Bernard de Nogaret, duc] de La Vallette, pour le siège de Fontarabie », min ; Pièces concernant la détention du prince Casimir, frère de Vladislas VII, roi de Pologne, correspondance diplomatique entre la France et la Pologne à ce sujet, 1639 ; Pièces concernant Marie de Médicis et sa retraite hors de France, 1637 ; Pièces concernant le différend survenu entre le cardinal de Richelieu et Henri II d'Escoubleau de Sourdis, archevêque de Bordeaux, à l'occasion de propos injurieux tenus par ce dernier, dépositions orig., 1641 ; « Interrogatoire... touchant les correspondances et intelligences de l'archevesque de Bourdeaux [Henri II d'Escoubleau de Sourdis] avec monsieur Le Grand [le grand-écuyer Cinq-Mars], 1642 », orig ; Dossier concernant « les menées du sieur [Josué, comte] de Chavagnac, dans le Gévaudan et les Cévènes, contre le cardinal de Richelieu, en faveur du sieur Le Grand [le grand-écuyer Cinq-Mars], 1642 », orig ; Interrogatoires de divers complices de Cinq-Mars, arrêtés à Tarascon, 1642, orig ; Autres pièces concernant les troubles du Gévaudan et les menées du comte de Chavagnac, 1642 (f. 392), — notamment acte orig. de Louis XIII (f. 398) ; Lettre autogr. de Louis XIII au cardinal de Richelieu, « touchant la conspiration du duc de Bouillon [Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour] et du sieur de Cinq-Mars », 4 août 1642 ; « Relation de la disposition à la mort de monsieur [François-Auguste] de Thon, le 10e septembre 1642 » ; Pièces concernant César, duc de Vendôme, 1599 (f. 414), et 1617 (f. 416) ; « Minutte de lettre de monseigneur [le chancelier Séguier] à Son Éminence le cardinal de Richelieu, touchant les proceds des ducs de Guise, de Bouillon et monsieur le comte » [Henri II de Lorraine, duc de Guise, Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour, duc de Bouillon, et Louis de Bourbon, comte de Soissons] ; Minute d'un mémoire du chancelier Séguier, concernant l'arrestation de François de Vendôme, duc de Beaufort, 1643 ; Pièces concernant le procès de César, duc de Vendôme, minutes de mémoires, lettres et notes du chancelier Séguier, etc., 1641 ; Pièces concernant le procès de François de Vendôme, duc de Beaufort, minutes du chancelier Séguier, etc., 1643-1645 ; Dossier concernant les pillages et divers abus commis à Anet, à l'occasion de la capture de certaines gens du duc de Vendôme, 1641-1645, orig. et copies ; Dossier concernant le procès de Scipion « Rabastenq » ou « Rabastens », 1644-1647, orig. et copies, comprenant notamment son interrogatoire par François Bochart de Champigny, orig. (f. 490), — des copies de lettres à lui adressées (f. 504 et suiv.), — et des lettres orig. à lui adressées par « de Lazan Du Pain » (f. 508 et suiv.) ; « Accusations du chevalier de Lorraine pour une entreprise de tuer monsieur le cardinal Mazarin », 1645 ; Pièces concernant le procès de Pierre Chéron, qui avait « dit et proféré plusieurs parolles scandaleuses contre l'honneur de la Reine et contre monsieur le cardinal Mazarin », 1648, orig ; Pièces concernant la maison de Guise, principalement la confiscation du duché de Guise pour crime de lèse-majesté, la restitution dudit duché, et le différend survenu entre Henriette-Catherine de Joyeuse, duchesse de Guise, et Henri II de Lorraine, duc de Guise, prince de Joinville et comte d'Eu, son fils, 1641-1643, orig., minutes de la main du chancelier Séguier, et copies, actes royaux, etc ; Pièces concernant le comte de Brion, premier écuyer du duc d'Orléans, notamment minute de la main du chancelier Séguier, 1643 ; Pièces diverses, manuscrites et impr., concernant le marquis Charles de La Viéville, 1631-1643 ; Pièces concernant Mathieu Morgues, sieur de Saint-Germain, minute de la main du chancelier Séguier, et copies, 1643 ; Informations diverses et arrêts, 1643-1645, orig. et cop., notamment : « Information touchant quelques paroles outrageuses contre l'honneur du Roy, 1643 » ; Pièces concernant certains imprimeurs et certains libelles diffamatoires, 1643-1644, orig. et cop ; Pièces concernant divers prisonniers enfermés à la Bastille, lettres, etc., orig., min. et cop, 1645 ; « Interrogatoire faict par monseigneur le chancelier [Séguier] touchant le sieur de Sangeon, prisonnier pour une affaire concernant Mademoiselle », min. de la main du chancelier Séguier ; Extraits des Registres du Parlement, 1388-1616 ; Nombreuses pièces, manuscrites et impr., concernant les principaux personnages de la Fronde, les princes de Condé et de Conti, le duc de Longueville, le duc de Bouillon, les maréchaux de Brézé, de Turenne, etc., 1650-1654 ; « Touchant le retour des sieurs de Tavannes [Jacques de Saulx-Tavannes] et de Saint-Micault en l'obéissance du Roy », 1650 ; Pièces concernant le procès de Christophe Bertault, 1653 ; Pièces concernant le procès du sieur de Croissy, conseiller au Parlement, 1653, notamment : Inventaire de ses meubles (f. 709), — et minute d'un discours du chancelier Séguier (f. 711) ; Pièces diverses, manuscrites et impr., concernant le procès des sieurs de Fontrailles et de Matha, 1649-1650 ; Pièces diverses, manuscrites et impr., concernant le cardinal Mazarin, 1651-1654 (f. 728), — notamment mémoire de la main de monsieur de Priézac (f. 729) ; Pièces concernant le cardinal de Retz, 1654, placards double in-folio, impr