[Ojeada filosofica sobre la historia de la medicina] : su utilidad e importancia de su estudio : discurso leído en la Universidad Central en el solemne acto de recibir la investidura de Doctor en Medicina y Cirujía /

Tesis doctoral Universidad Central (Madrid), 1853.

Physical oceanography, sea-bed photographs and videos of benthos from the Weddell Sea taken with remote operated vehicle CHEROKEE during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/8

The marine ecosystem on the eastern shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula was surveyed 5 and 12 years after the climate-induced collapse of the Larsen A and B ice shelves. An impoverished benthic fauna was discovered, that included deep-sea species presumed to be remnants from ice-covered conditions. The current structure of various ecosystem components appears to result from extremely different response rates to the change from an oligotrophic sub-ice-shelf ecosystem to a productive shelf ecosystem. Meiobenthic communities remained impoverished only inside the embayments. On local scales, macro- and mega-epibenthic diversity was generally low, with pioneer species and typical Antarctic megabenthic shelf species interspersed. Antarctic Minke whales and seals utilised the Larsen A/B area to feed on presumably newly established krill and pelagic fish biomass. Ecosystem impacts also extended well beyond the zone of ice-shelf collapse, with areas of high benthic disturbance resulting from scour by icebergs discharged from the Larsen embayments.

Reconstrucción mínimamente invasiva de la banda oblicua distal. Estudio anatómico

La radioulnar distal es una articulación diartrodial trocoide compuesta por la escotadura sigmoidea del radio y la cabeza ulnar. Su estabilidad depende de la integridad de diversas estructuras como son el complejo fibrocartílago triangular o CFCT, el músculo pronador cuadrado y el músculo extensor ulnar del carpo y la porción distal de la membrana interósea (MIO), fundamentalmente la banda oblicua distal, en los casos en los que se encuentra presente. La banda oblicua distal (BOD) es una estructura independiente de la porción membranosa distal de la membrana interósea la cual ha sido descrita en un 40% de los individuos. Se origina en 1/6 distal de la diáfisis ulnar y se inserta en el borde inferior de la escotadura sigmoidea. Algunas fibras se extienden más distalmente, pareciendo mantener continuidad con los ligamentos radioulnares dorsal y palmar, lo que ha hecho pensar en su función como estabilizador de la articulación radioulnar distal. A su vez, su inserción ulnar coincide con el eje de rotación del antebrazo, experimentando así pocos cambios durante la pronosupinación, comportándose de forma isométrica. El CFCT es el estabilizador primario de la articulación, y en situaciones normales la influencia de la porción distal de la membrana interósea es insustancial. Sin embargo, tras una lesión del fibrocartílago triangular o una resección de la cabeza ulnar, es cuando adquiere un papel fundamental...

Blood pressure values and depression in hypertensive individuals at high cardiovascular risk

[EN]Hypertension and depression are both important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the association of blood pressure on and depression has not been completely established. This study aims to analyze whether depression may influence the control of blood pressure in hypertensive individuals at high cardiovascular risk

Associations of the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes are modulated by diet, being higher when adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is low

[EN]Although the Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) and Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) genes have been consistently associated with obesity risk, the association between the obesity-risk alleles with type 2 diabetes is still controversial. In some recent meta-analyses in which significant results have been reported, the associations disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). However gene-diet interactions with dietary patterns have not been investigated. Our main aim was to analyze whether these associations are modulated by the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet).

Effect of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Dietary Glycemic Load and Dietary Glycemic Index: The PREDIMED Study

[EN]To compare the one year effect of two dietary interventions with MeDiet on GL and GI in the PREDIMED trial. Methods. Participants were older subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. This analysis included 2866 nondiabetic subjects. Diet was assessed with a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The GI of each FFQ item was assigned by a 5-step methodology using the International Tables of GI and GL Values. Generalized linear models were fitted to assess the relationship between the intervention group and dietary GL and GI at one year of follow-up, using control group as reference.

Impact of psychosocial factors on cardiovascular morbimortality: a prospective cohort study

[EN]Whilst it is well known that psychosocial determinants may contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), data from specific groups are scarce. The present study aims to determine the contribution of psychosocial determinants in increasing the risk of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction and stroke), and death from CVD, in a high risk adult population

Olive oil intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the PREDIMED Study

[EN]It is unknown whether individuals at high cardiovascular risk sustain a benefit in cardiovascular disease from increased olive oil consumption. The aim was to assess the association between total olive oil intake, its varieties (extra virgin and common olive oil) and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED Study

[EN]Previous studies have reported an association between a more pro-inflammatory diet profile and various chronic metabolic diseases. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of nutrients and foods in the context of a dietary pattern. We prospectively examined the association between the DII and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD: myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study including 7216 high-risk participants.

Sensitization to indoor aeroallergens in children who attended the Allergy Service of the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of Monterrey, Mexico

Background: Indoor aeroallergens are the main cause of sensitization in children and represent a risk factor for the development of allergic diseases. Objective: Identify the major indoor aeroallergens most often sensitized to pediatric patients treated at the Allergy Service at the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of Monterrey Methods: We performed an observational and descriptive study where we reviewed reports of positive skin tests to the following common indoor aeroallergens: Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus), Canis familiaris (C. familiaris), Felis domesticus (F. domesticus), Blattella germanica (B. germanica) and Periplaneta americana (P. americana), found in patients under 16 years with symptoms of allergy, during the period of 2011-2012. Results: We performed 439 skin tests to aeroallergens in pediatric patients. Of these, 57.6% were male and 42.4% were female. Mean age was 6.3 years. The age groups were under 3 years: 17.8%, 3-5 years: 35%, 6-12 years: 36%, and 13-16 years: 11.2%. The main diagnoses were: allergic rhinitis (71.8%), asthma (16.6%), and atopic dermatitis (4.3%). In 57.9% of the cases, they had at least one positive skin test to any aeroallergen. The rate of sensitization to speciic aeroallergens was: D. Pteronyssinus 49.0%, D. farinae 44.6%, B. germanica 13.9%, P. Americana 10.9%, F. domesticus 10.7%, and C. familiaris 5.9%. Conclusion: Indoor aeroallergen sensitization can occur early in life, although it was more frequent in the preschooler and elementary school group. Dust house mites were the most commom cause of allergic sensitization.

Evolución del riesgo cardiometabólico en pacientes supervivientes de leucemia aguda infantil

Introducción: los supervivientes de leucemia aguda (LA) infantil presentan un riesgo incrementado de alteraciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares que aumentan su morbimortalidad a largo plazo. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de obesidad, resistencia a la insulina, dislipemia e hipertensión arterial como factores de riesgo cardiometabólico (FRCM) en un grupo de supervivientes de LA infantil, y analizar las posibles causas asociadas a su desarrollo. Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo en 47 supervivientes de LA tratados en un periodo de 4 años, que recibieron seguimiento durante 10 años. Resultados: el 40% de los participantes presentaron al menos un FRCM durante el seguimiento, siendo la dislipemia (aumento LDL) el más frecuente (38,3%), seguido de obesidad/sobrepeso (31,9%) y HTA sistólica (23,4%). El sexo femenino se estableció como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de todos ellos (RR 1,6; RR 3,16; RR 1,69; p < 0,05). Ningún superviviente desarrolló diabetes mellitus, pero sí resistencia a la insulina el 19,4%. Los pacientes con leucemias de peor pronóstico presentaron mayor riesgo de desarrollar obesidad, resistencia a la insulina y aumento de LDL (RR 3,56; RR 4,08; RR 2,53; p < 0,05). Los pacientes tratados con trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos presentaron mayor riesgo de obesidad, aumento de LDL e HTA sistólica (RR 2,86; RR 2,39; RR 3,12; p<0,05). La radioterapia se asoció de igual modo con un incremento de resistencia a la insulina e hipertensión arterial sistólica (RR 2,47; RR 2,53; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: existe un aumento en la prevalencia de obesidad/sobrepeso, dislipemia, resistencia a la insulina y alteración de la tensión arterial sistólica en supervivientes de leucemia aguda infantil a lo largo del tiempo, especialmente en aquellos con enfermedades y tratamientos más agresivos.

Impresos madrileños de 1626 a 1636

In Impresos madrileños de 1626 a 1636 a study on the printing carried on in Madrid is done in the period referred above. This Doctoral thesis is a typobibliography with its methodological introduction, bibliographic repertoire and their indices. The work is divided in three main areas. In the first of them, the introduction, I speak about the current state of preliminar typobibliographic investigation about printing in Madrid, including the rewiew of previous bibliographies by Cristóbal Pérez Pastor, Antonio Sierra Corella, Yolanda Clemente San Román and Justa Moreno Garbayo. This investigation is justified on the existing needing of completing the knowledge about these books printed in the 17th century from 1626. The typobibliographies dealing with the works performed in Madrid are uncompleted and imperfect so that, with this doctoral stablishes that the almost definitive corpus of those books printed in Madrid from 1626 to 1636. The last year of this period is explained because of the enormous amount of printed matter that were produced during the previous years, so completing the study of the decade would have been an impossible task. The abridget objetives of this dissertation are: - To stablish the definitive corpus of the printed matter from 1626 to 1636. - To present an analytical description of this printed matter based on the material bibliography rules. - To find new editions and issue and states variants in the already known editions. - To determine the view of the existing presses in Madrid in that time with a tipographic research about each press...

PREVENCIÓN Y RESOLUCIÓN DE POTENCIALES CONFLICTOS SOCIOAMBIENTALES EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO TÉRRABA: EL CASO DEL PROYECTO HIDROELÉCTRICO BORUCA

La microcuenca del río Poás (ubicada entre el volcán Barva y el volcán Poás, hasta la confluencia con el río Grande cerca de la ciudad de Alajuela) posee un alto potencial para la formación de acuíferos de alta calidad. Por este motivo sus recursos naturales deben utilizarse adecuadamente. La mejor manera de lograr lo anterior es mediante la planificación del uso de la tierra. En esta investigación se plantea para ello el ordenamiento territorial y el manejo de cuencas. Para este propósito se realiza una zonificación mediante la cual se identifican las siguientes zonas: sin restricción de uso, uso restringido y uso muy restringido. La mayor parte de la m icrocuenca (64,6%) se encuentra en la categoría de “sin restricción de uso”. Sin embargo. se hace necesaria la intervención con rapidez en sectores ubicados en la parte alta de la microcuenca que se clasifican de “uso muy restringido”. En relación con el recurso hídrico, en la microcuenca en los últimos 14 años y de acuerdo con la metodología aplicada, se ha elevado la producción hídrica, específicamente en la escorrentía y la ganancia. En general aumentó en 1,6%.Abstract:The Poas river micro watershed (located between the Barva and Poas volcanoes reaching the confluence of the Grande river near the city of Alajuela) has high potential for developing high quality aquifers, thus, its natural resnurces should be utilized adequately. This is best done by proper land use planning. In this study guidelines are presented for land use planning and watershed management. Land use is zoned or classified for the following uses:unrestricted use, restricted use, and highly restricted use. Most of the micro watershed (64.6 percent) is classified or zoned as ‘unrestricted use.’ However, urgent intervention is needed in demand and the possibility to export it. However, it is also possible to see the negative impaci of the project, such as: indigenous territories and a pan of the Interamerican Road being flooding, population displacement and the environmental ¡mpact on the Terraba-Sierpe mangrove. This diversity and incompatibility of factors and interest make a complex scenario that potentializes diverse conflicts.

Extracción, identificación y prueba microbiológica del agar extraído de Gracilaria fortissima dawson (rhodophyta, gigartinales, gracilariaceae) (ING)

The red seaweed Gracilaria fortissima colected in the caribean coast of Costa Rica, was studied for the extraction, identification and microbiological performance of the agar contend of this plant, as well as the mineral contend. The research was done focused on the agar quality included pH, % extraction, geling point, fusion point and gel strength, as well as infrared analysis and the performance as a microbiological culture of bacteria and fungus and compared with commercial agar from BDH chemicals.