Effective Social Intranet. Case: Mobile Routing Business Unit, Tellabs

The purpose of this thesis is to examine what the normative, effective social Intranet solution is for Tellabs Mobile Routing business unit in terms of sharing knowledge more openly and effectively, fostering innovation, and improving team spirit and positive employee experience. Additionally, these aspects are researched from the intra- and inter-organizational points of view. The research is based on previous literature and empirical interviews. Based on these two items, an eight-fold recommendation proposal was created to change the current Intranet to become an effective social Intranet.

Theorizing Formal and Informal Feedback Practices in Management Accounting Through Three Dimensions

The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to widen and develop our theoretical frameworks for discussion and analyses of feedback practices in management accounting, particularly shedding light on its formal and informal aspects. The concept of feedback in management accounting has conventionally been analyzed within cybernetic control theory, in which feedback flows as a diagnostic or comparative loop between measurable outputs and pre-set goals (see e.g. Flamholtz et al. 1985; Flamholtz 1996, 1983), i.e. as a formal feedback loop. However, the everyday feedback practices in organizations are combinations of formal and informal elements. In addition to technique-driven feedback approaches (like budgets, measurement, and reward systems) we could also categorize social feedback practices that managers see relevant and effective in the pursuit of organizational control. While cybernetics or control theories successfully capture rational and measured aspects of organizational performance and offer a broad organizational context for the analysis, many individual and informal aspects remain vague and isolated. In order to discuss and make sense of the heterogeneous field of interpretations of formal and informal feedback, both in theory and practice, dichotomous approaches seem to be insufficient. Therefore, I suggest an analytical framework of formal and informal feedback with three dimensions (3D’s): source, time, and rule. Based on an abductive analysis of the theoretical and empirical findings from an interpretive case study around a business unit called Division Steelco, the 3Dframework and formal and informal feedback practices are further elaborated vis-á-vis the four thematic layers in the organizational control model by Flamholtz et al. (1985; Flamholtz 1996, 1983): core control system, organizational structure, organizational culture, and external environment. Various personal and cultural meanings given to the formal and informal feedback practices (“feedback as something”) create multidimensional interpretative contexts. Multidimensional frameworks aim to capture and better understand both the variety of interpretations and their implications to the functionality of feedback practices, important in interpretive research.

Utilization of Particle Image velocimetry in PPOOLEX condensation experiments

Particle Image Velocimetry, PIV, is an optical measuring technique to obtain velocity information of a flow in interest. With PIV it is possible to achieve two or three dimensional velocity vector fields from a measurement area instead of a single point in a flow. Measured flow can be either in liquid or in gas form. PIV is nowadays widely applied to flow field studies. The need for PIV is to obtain validation data for Computational Fluid Dynamics calculation programs that has been used to model blow down experiments in PPOOLEX test facility in the Lappeenranta University of Technology. In this thesis PIV and its theoretical background are presented. All the subsystems that can be considered to be part of a PIV system are presented as well with detail. Emphasis is also put to the mathematics behind the image evaluation. The work also included selection and successful testing of a PIV system, as well as the planning of the installation to the PPOOLEX facility. Already in the preliminary testing PIV was found to be good addition to the measuring equipment for Nuclear Safety Research Unit of LUT. The installation to PPOOLEX facility was successful even though there were many restrictions considering it. All parts of the PIV system worked and they were found out to be appropriate for the planned use. Results and observations presented in this thesis are a good background to further PIV use.

Customer profitability measurement in a not-for-profit organization

The objective of this study was to find out the factors that affect customer profitability in the not-for-profit case company. The customer profitability was examined in two different segments of the customer base. The effects that price, cost and the amount of services provided have on the profit margin were studied. The distribution of profitability among the customers and the effect of certain characteristics, such as size of the customer measured in services purchased, on the profitability were analyzed. The theoretical framework was built around customer profitability and the use of customer profitability information in a not-for-profit organization. The present use of customer profitability information and the possibilities of using the results of this research in the case company were presented. Quantitative research methods were used in the empirical part of the study. The results indicate that the two customer segments have differences in their buying behaviors which affect the profitability and thus the measures taken to improve the profitability should be considered with the different characteristics of the customers in mind. Finally the limitations of the study were discussed as possible further research topics.

Design of an amplifier and an instrumentation setup for a harsh environment heat flux measurement application – case axial flux electric machine

Measurement is a tool for researching. Therefore, it is important that the measuring process is carried out correctly, without distorting the signal or the measured event. Researches of thermoelectric phenomena have been focused more on transverse thermoelectric phenomena during recent decades. Transverse Seebeck effect enables to produce thinner and faster heat flux sensor than before. Studies about transverse Seebeck effect have so far focused on materials, so in this Master’s Thesis instrumentation of transverse Seebeck effect based heat flux sensor is studied, This Master’s Thesis examines an equivalent circuit of transverse Seebeck effect heat flux sensors, their connectivity to electronics and choosing and design a right type amplifier. The research is carried out with a case study which is Gradient Heat Flux Sensors and an electrical motor. In this work, a general equivalent circuit was presented for the transverse Seebeck effect-based heat flux sensor. An amplifier was designed for the sensor of the case study, and the solution was produced for the measurement of the local heat flux of the electric motor to improve the electromagnetic compatibility.

Toimintaa ohjaavan mittariston kehittäminen rakennustuoteliiketoiminnassa

Mittaustietoa tuotetaan paljon, jolloin haasteena on poimia liiketoiminnan johtamisen tarpeiden kannalta oleellinen informaatio. Samalla muuttuva toimintaympäristö asettaa yrityksen suorituskykymittaristolle uudenlaisia haasteita. Mittariston tulee mukautua johtamisen informaatiotarpeisiin ja kehittyä yrityksen strategian mukana. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, mitkä mittarit ovat oleellisia rakennustuoteteollisuudessa toimivan yrityksen liiketoiminnan johtamisessa ja kehittää toimintaa ohjaava mittaristo. Tutkimuksen tavoitteisiin liittyen tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään mittaamiseen liittyviä haasteita sekä ymmärtämään johtamisen informaatiotarpeita. Tutkimus on menetelmältään laadullinen. Tutkimuksen empiirisen osan aineiston keräämisessä käytettiin menetelmänä haastattelua, joka oli tyypiltään teemahaastattelu. Haastattelun kohteena oli rakennustuoteteollisuudessa toimivan yrityksen liiketoimintayksikön johto. Tutkimuksen teoriakatsauksen perusteella tunnistettiin mittariston kehittämisessä huomioitavia seikkoja, joita ovat yleiskäsityksen luominen toimintaympäristöstä, mittaamiselle asetettujen päämäärien tunnistaminen, strategian määrittäminen ja menestystekijöiden hahmottaminen. Näiden perusteella määritetään tavoitteet ja niille mittarit. Tutkimuksen empiirisen osan tutkimusaineiston analyysin avulla pyrittiin hahmottamaan liiketoimintaympäristön mittaamisen nykytilaa ja siihen liittyviä haasteita sekä tunnistamaan toimintaa ohjaavat mittarit. Tutkimuksen tuloksena kehitettiin toimintaa ohjaava mittaristo. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin johdon päätöksenteon ja johtamisen informaatiotarpeille kolme näkökulmaa, jotka ovat talous, tuotanto ja myynti. Tulosten perusteella tunnistettiin jatkotutkimustarve koskien toimintaa ohjaavan mittariston kehittämistä konserniympäristöissä.

Heat flux measurement inside internal combustion engine with gradient heat flux sensor.

This master’s thesis is devoted to study different heat flux measurement techniques such as differential temperature sensors, semi-infinite surface temperature methods, calorimetric sensors and gradient heat flux sensors. The possibility to use Gradient Heat Flux Sensors (GHFS) to measure heat flux in the combustion chamber of compression ignited reciprocating internal combustion engines was considered in more detail. A. Mityakov conducted an experiment, where Gradient Heat Flux Sensor was placed in four stroke diesel engine Indenor XL4D to measure heat flux in the combustion chamber. The results which were obtained from the experiment were compared with model’s numerical output. This model (a one – dimensional single zone model) was implemented with help of MathCAD and the result of this implementation is graph of heat flux in combustion chamber in relation to the crank angle. The values of heat flux throughout the cycle obtained with aid of heat flux sensor and theoretically were sufficiently similar, but not identical. Such deviation is rather common for this type of experiment.

Experimental validation of a 3-D vision-based measurement system applied to robot calibration

One of the problems that slows the development of off-line programming is the low static and dynamic positioning accuracy of robots. Robot calibration improves the positioning accuracy and can also be used as a diagnostic tool in robot production and maintenance. A large number of robot measurement systems are now available commercially. Yet, there is a dearth of systems that are portable, accurate and low cost. In this work a measurement system that can fill this gap in local calibration is presented. The measurement system consists of a single CCD camera mounted on the robot tool flange with a wide angle lens, and uses space resection models to measure the end-effector pose relative to a world coordinate system, considering radial distortions. Scale factors and image center are obtained with innovative techniques, making use of a multiview approach. The target plate consists of a grid of white dots impressed on a black photographic paper, and mounted on the sides of a 90-degree angle plate. Results show that the achieved average accuracy varies from 0.2mm to 0.4mm, at distances from the target from 600mm to 1000mm respectively, with different camera orientations.

Improving the Supply Chain Performance Management System in a Finnish paper mill

This Master’s Thesis studies performance management system and its benefits, risks and costs. Objective of the thesis is to describe and evaluate currently used supply chain performance management system (SCPMS) in a Finnish paper mill and its interfaces with its business unit’s SCPMS. As a result, the host company has improvement road map for improving its SCPMS. Used SCPMS in the host company and its interfaces to business unit’s SCPMS are described based on interviews held in the host company and the business unit. Evaluation of the host company’s SCPMS is based on literature study. For improvement road map, three areas in need of improvements are chosen. The study shows the need of high level top management commitment in successful performance management system implementation and usage, especially when the system is deployed to lower levels in the organization.

Performance measurement and management in a collaborative network

This study concerns performance measurement and management in a collaborative network. Collaboration between companies has been increased in recent years due to the turbulent operating environment. The literature shows that there is a need for more comprehensive research on performance measurement in networks and the use of measurement information in their management. This study examines the development process and uses of a performance measurement system supporting performance management in a collaborative network. There are two main research questions: how to design a performance measurement system for a collaborative network and how to manage performance in a collaborative network. The work can be characterised as a qualitative single case study. The empirical data was collected in a Finnish collaborative network, which consists of a leading company and a reseller network. The work is based on five research articles applying various research methods. The research questions are examined at the network level and at the single network partner level. The study contributes to the earlier literature by producing new and deeper understanding of network-level performance measurement and management. A three-step process model is presented to support the performance measurement system design process. The process model has been tested in another collaborative network. The study also examines the factors affecting the process of designing the measurement system. The results show that a participatory development style, network culture, and outside facilitators have a positive effect on the design process. The study increases understanding of how to manage performance in a collaborative network and what kind of uses of performance information can be identified in a collaborative network. The results show that the performance measurement system is an applicable tool to manage the performance of a network. The results reveal that trust and openness increased during the utilisation of the performance measurement system, and operations became more transparent. The study also presents a management model that evaluates the maturity of performance management in a collaborative network. The model is a practical tool that helps to analyse the current stage of the performance management of a collaborative network and to develop it further.

Maakaasun paineenvähennysaseman paineenvähennyslaitteen mitoitus

Diplomityö tehtiin maakaasun paineenvähennysaseman paineenvähennyslaitteen mitoituksesta. Työn kuluessa suunniteltiin ja toteutettiin mitoitusohjelma maakaasun paineenvähennyslaitteen mitoitukseen. Työssä tutustutaan maakaasun putkivirtaukseen ja paineenvähennysaseman paineenvähennyslaitteeseen. Työssä selvitetään paineenvähennyslaitteen eri osien toiminta ja tarve, sekä kuinka niiden mitoitus ja valinta tapahtuu. Lopputuloksena työstä saatiin suunniteltua ja toteutettua mitoitusohjelma paineenvähennyslaitteelle. Mitoitusohjelman avulla saadaan helposti ja nopeasti selville sopivat osat paineenvähennyslaitteeseen halutulla painetasolla ja ainemäärällä. Ohjelman on tarkoitus helpottaa ja nopeuttaa paineenvähennyslaitteen mitoitusta ja suunnittelua.

Hydraulisen puomin avoimen piirin koordinaattiohjaus paine-ero-tilavuusvirta-approksimaation avulla

Diplomityön tavoitteena oli kehittää mahdollisimman hyvä koordinaattiohjaus. Sen tuli olla jälkiasennettavissa perinteisen ohjauksen rinnalle työkoneisiin, joissa on käytetty sähköohjattuja proportionaaliventtiileitä. Työssä keskityttiin tutkimaan suuntaventtiilin yli vallitsevasta paine-erosta saatavan tilavuusvirtatiedon hyödyntämistä ohjauksessa. Työn ensimmäisessä vaiheessa koordinaattiohjaus toteutettiin käyttäen 0-peittoisilla karoilla ja karan asematakaisinkytkennällä varustettuja suuntaventtiileitä. Hydrauliseen kuristukseen perustuen saatiin paine-erosta käyttökelpoista tilavuusvirtasignaalia ja koordinaattiohjauksen liikeradan seurannassa oli parhaimmillaan vain 3 cm:n virhe koenosturin työliikkeen pituudella. Toisessa vaiheessa käytettiin työkoneissa yleisesti esiintyvää positiivisin karapeitoin varustettua mobiiliventtiilistöä, jossa oli karakohtaiset painekompensaattorit. Painekompensaattoreiden takia ei paine-eron mittaaminen puhtaasti suuntaventtiilin karan yli ollut mahdollista, jonka takia tyydyttiin koordinaattiohjaus toteuttamaan ilman paineen mittausta luottaen painekompensaattoreiden toimintaan. Käytetyn venttiilistön kavitoinninestotoiminnon huomiointi ohjauksessa jäi ratkaisematta ja se ohitettiin vastusvastaventtiileiden avulla. Koordinaattiohjauksen tarkkuus mobiiliventtiileillä oli vaatimaton ja tulosten toistettavuus heikko. Tulosten perusteella todettiin avoimellakin koordinaattiohjauksella olevan mahdollista saavuttaa lupaava tarkkuus ammattikuljettajiin verrattuna. Mobiiliventtiilistöön liittyvät, työn aikana esiinnousseet epäkohdat olisi ratkaistava ennen käytettyjen menetelmien soveltamista käytännön kohteisiin.

Lääkintätekniikan ohjaaminen prosessijohtamisella ja prosessien kehittäminen

Tässä työssä tutkitaan sairaalan lääkintätekniikkaa ja kuinka sen toimintaa voitaisiin ohjata prosessijohtamisella. Työssä on tunnistettu sekä määritetty ja kuvattu lääkintätekniikan prosessit, suunniteltu mittausmenetelmät ja annettu prosesseille kehityssuosituksia. Työn merkittävimmät tulokset keskittyvät nykyisten järjestelmien kehittämiseen ja suorituskyvyn mittaamisen haastavuuteen. Tutkimuksen tuloksena havaittiin, että lääkintätekniikan prosessijohtaminen on mahdollista, mutta vaikutukset suorituskykyyn olisivat pienet. Suositukset kehitystoimenpiteisiin keskittyvät paljon tiedon jakamiseen, koska tutkimuksessa teetetyssä kyselyssä ilmeni palveltavien osastojen haluavan paljon tietoa lääkintätekniikalta. Tietoa tullaan jakamaan nykyisen lääkintätekniikan sovelluksen Mequsoftin välityksellä, koska lähestulkoon kaikki olennainen tieto kirjataan jo sinne.