959 resultados para goal
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Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar
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Relatório da UC Seminário de Apoio à Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar
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Ao profissional de hoje é exigido o domínio de competências que transcendem a sua própria função, área ou nível de qualificação, colocando-se assim às empresas o desafio de identificar e desenvolver as referidas competências, a partir de uma gestão de recursos humanos (GRH) que tenha por base as competências, seja ela uma gestão mais ou menos formalizada. A gestão por competências permite uma gestão estratégica, integrada e coerente dos processos de GRH, na medida em que poderá ser transversal a todos os seus subsistemas e acontece de forma articulada com os objetivos globais do negócio. Neste contexto, emerge a investigação que se segue, um estudo exploratório, de cariz qualitativo que tem como objetivos compreender em profundidade a realidade de diversas empresas em termos de competências transversais valorizadas e as suas práticas de gestão de recursos humanos baseadas em competências. Entrevistamos dez gestores de recursos humanos e administradores de empresas, com um número diferenciado de trabalhadores, representando assim as micro, peque- nas, médias e grandes empresas do norte de Portugal. Concluímos que as competências transversais mais valorizadas pelas empresas são a flexibilidade, relacionamento interpessoal, adaptação à mudança e trabalho em equipa. Esta investigação permitiu ainda compreender que a presença das competências na GRH é caracterizada por uma forte informalidade. Nesta informalidade, as competências transversais estão presentes na contratação, na retenção e nos planos de desenvolvimento, sendo menos frequente a sua utilização em práticas como a gestão e avaliação de desempenho, gestão de carreiras e gestão de benefícios e recompensas. Estes resultados representam vantagens para a produção científica e para as empre- sas, sistemas de ensino, profissionais e estudantes, não só pela importância que as competências e as competências transversais assumem no mercado de hoje e porque fornecem dados atualizados e pistas para investigações futuras.
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In data clustering, the problem of selecting the subset of most relevant features from the data has been an active research topic. Feature selection for clustering is a challenging task due to the absence of class labels for guiding the search for relevant features. Most methods proposed for this goal are focused on numerical data. In this work, we propose an approach for clustering and selecting categorical features simultaneously. We assume that the data originate from a finite mixture of multinomial distributions and implement an integrated expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm that estimates all the parameters of the model and selects the subset of relevant features simultaneously. The results obtained on synthetic data illustrate the performance of the proposed approach. An application to real data, referred to official statistics, shows its usefulness.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of edentulism and estimate the prevalence of functional dentition and shortened dental arch among elderly population. METHODS: A population-based epidemiological study was carried out with a sample of 5,349 respondents aged 65 to 74 years obtained from the 2002 and 2003 Brazilian Ministry of Health/Division of Oral Health survey database. The following variables were studied: gender; macroregion of residence; missing teeth; percentage that met the World Health Organization goal for oral health in the age group 65 to 74 years (50% having at least 20 natural teeth); presence of shortened dental arch; number of posterior occluding pairs of teeth. The Chi-square test assessed the association between categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess differences of mean between number of posterior occluding pairs teeth, macro-region and gender. RESULTS: The elderly population had an average of 5.49 teeth (SD: 7.93) with a median of 0. The proportion of completely edentulous respondents was 54.7%. Complete edentulism was 18.2% in the upper arch and 1.9% in the lower arch. The World Health Organization goal was achieved in 10% of all respondents studied. However, only 2.7% had acceptable masticatory function and aesthetics (having at least shortened dental arch) and a mean number of posterior occluding pairs of 6.94 (SD=2.97). There were significant differences of the percentage of respondents that met the World Health Organization goal and presence of shortened dental arch between men and women. There were differences in shortened dental arch between macroregions. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian epidemiological oral health survey showed high rate of edentulism and low rate of shortened dental arch in the elderly population studied, thus suggesting significant functional and aesthetic impairment in all Brazilian macroregions especially among women.
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This paper suggests that the thought of the North-American critical theorist James W. Carey provides a relevant perspective on communication and technology. Having as background American social pragmatism and progressive thinkers of the beginning of the 20th century (as Dewey, Mead, Cooley, and Park), Carey built a perspective that brought together the political economy of Harold A. Innis, the social criticism of David Riesman and Charles W. Mills and incorporated Marxist topics such as commodification and sociocultural domination. The main goal of this paper is to explore the connection established by Carey between modern technological communication and what he called the “transmissive model”, a model which not only reduces the symbolic process of communication to instrumentalization and to information delivery, but also politically converges with capitalism as well as power, control and expansionist goals. Conceiving communication as a process that creates symbolic and cultural systems, in which and through which social life takes place, Carey gives equal emphasis to the incorporation processes of communication.If symbolic forms and culture are ways of conditioning action, they are also influenced by technological and economic materializations of symbolic systems, and by other conditioning structures. In Carey’s view, communication is never a disembodied force; rather, it is a set of practices in which co-exist conceptions, techniques and social relations. These practices configure reality or, alternatively, can refute, transform and celebrate it. Exhibiting sensitiveness favourable to the historical understanding of communication, media and information technologies, one of the issues Carey explored most was the history of the telegraph as an harbinger of the Internet, of its problems and contradictions. For Carey, Internet was seen as the contemporary heir of the communications revolution triggered by the prototype of transmission technologies, namely the telegraph in the 19th century. In the telegraph Carey saw the prototype of many subsequent commercial empires based on science and technology, a pioneer model for complex business management; an example of conflict of interest for the control over patents; an inducer of changes both in language and in structures of knowledge; and a promoter of a futurist and utopian thought of information technologies. After a brief approach to Carey’s communication theory, this paper focuses on his seminal essay "Technology and ideology. The case of the telegraph", bearing in mind the prospect of the communication revolution introduced by Internet. We maintain that this essay has seminal relevance for critically studying the information society. Our reading of it highlights the reach, as well as the problems, of an approach which conceives the innovation of the telegraph as a metaphor for all innovations, announcing the modern stage of history and determining to this day the major lines of development in modern communication systems.
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The legacy of nineteenth century social theory followed a “nationalist” model of society, assuming that analysis of social realities depends upon national boundaries, taking the nation-state as the primary unit of analysis, and developing the concept of methodological nationalism. This perspective regarded the nation-state as the natural - and even necessary - form of society in modernity. Thus, the constitution of large cities, at the end of the 19th century, through the intense flows of immigrants coming from diverse political and linguistic communities posed an enormous challenge to all social research. One of the most significant studies responding to this set of issues was The Immigrant Press and its Control, by Robert E. Park, one of the most prominent American sociologists of the first half of the 20th century. The Immigrant Press and its Control was part of a larger project entitled Americanization Studies: The Acculturation of Immigrant Group into American Society, funded by the Carnagie Corporation following World War I, taking as its goal to study the so-called “Americanization methods” during the 1920s. This paper revisits that particular work by Park to reveal how his detailed analysis of the role of the immigrant press overcame the limitations of methodological nationalism. By granting importance to language as a tool uniting each community and by showing how the strength of foreign languages expressed itself through the immigrant press, Park demonstrated that the latter produces a more ambivalent phenomenon than simply the assimilation of immigrants. On the one hand, the immigrant press served as a connecting force, driven by the desire to preserve the mother tongue and culture while at the same time awakening national sentiments that had, until then, remained diffuse. Yet, on the other hand, it facilitated the adjustment of immigrants to the American context. As a result, Park’s work contributes to our understanding of a particular liminal moment inherent within many intercultural contexts, the space between emigrant identity (emphasizing the country of origin) and immigrant identity (emphasizing the newly adopted country). His focus on the role played by media in the socialization of immigrant groups presaged later work on this subject by communication scholars. Focusing attention on Park’s research leads to other studies of the immigrant experience from the same period (e.g., Thomas & Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America), and also to insights on multi-presence and interculturality as significant but often overlooked phenomena in the study of immigrant socialization.
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Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar
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Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar
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Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar
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Na sociedade actual é imperativo assegurar um emprego competente para que o Ser Humano possa atingir a sua subsistência, e consequentemente a sua própria felicidade. No entanto, devido à pressão da sociedade em que vivemos, promover a sustentabilidade do “emprego” hoje em dia, principalmente nas camadas mais jovens, traduz-se em algo extremamente difícil. Estes deparam-se com uma situação árdua quando escolhem um caminho para o seu futuro. Assim como eu, também os jovens da actualidade prevêem que no futuro essas dúvidas se irão manter, ainda de forma mais agravada devido à complexidade das profissões existentes no mundo do trabalho. O meu objectivo neste momento é facilitar a vida dos jovens que se vêem numa encruzilhada, com pouco tempo de resposta para a tomada de decisão do seu próprio futuro. Pretendo fomentar a descoberta e construção da sua própria vocação, dando uso aos novos avanços tecnológicos, juntamente com técnicas já utilizadas na área da Psicologia. Recorrendo a biossensores cognitivos, através do EPOC da Emotiv, que realiza a leitura de sinais neuronais e de uma aplicação informática criada para o efeito. Apesar de não resolver na totalidade, desejo reduzir substancialmente a dúvida dos Jovens na escolha da sua profissão futura.
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Este trabalho teve como objectivo o estudo de uma acção de conservação/reabilitação de um edifício, localizado na rua Azevedo Coutinho na zona do Porto. Trata-se, portanto, de um trabalho académico que visa efectuar uma proposta de acções correctivas a implementar num edifício habitacional, onde foram detectadas anomalias. Esta monografia encontra-se dividida em dois capítulos, onde, o primeiro faz uma abordagem teórica, muito breve e sucinta, às matérias correntemente utilizadas no segundo capitulo. Dando também algumas noções e definições de alguns termos utilizados neste ramo da construção. A segunda parte do trabalho consiste no estudo do caso prático do edifício onde serão implementados processos metodológicos definidos no primeiro capítulo. De forma a implementar esta metodologia, apresenta-se, então, um edifício construído em meados de 1975, que apresenta ligeiros sinais de degradação que sugerem a uma possível acção de intervenção em alguns dos seus componentes. Sumariamente, pretendeu-se identificar as várias manifestações anómalas do interior e exterior do edifício, procurando associar as mesmas. Neste sentido, esta metodologia fundamenta-se num estudo de documentação técnica, fotográfica e histórica do edifício onde se procurou recolher o mais detalhadamente possível todas as informações essenciais para o estudo, incluindo informações por parte dos seus residentes. Com base neste conjunto de informação foi possível realizar um diagnóstico credível, apesar de não ser completamente conclusivo. Procurou-se listar as possíveis causas que desencadearam o aparecimento das anomalias, propondo finalmente um conjunto de soluções para a conservação/reabilitação do edifício. Esta proposta de intervenção contempla um conjunto de recomendações, que norteiam a definição de soluções para a conservação/reabilitação do interior do edifício e da sua fachada, de forma a se garantir que as mesmas assegurem resultados satisfatórios a longo prazo.
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In almost all industrialized countries, the energy sector has suffered a severe restructuring that originated a greater complexity in market players’ interactions. The complexity that these changes brought made way for the creation of decision support tools that facilitate the study and understanding of these markets. MASCEM – “Multiagent Simulator for Competitive Electricity Markets” arose in this context providing a framework for evaluating new rules, new behaviour, and new participants in deregulated electricity markets. MASCEM uses game theory, machine learning techniques, scenario analysis and optimisation techniques to model market agents and to provide them with decision-support. ALBidS is a multiagent system created to provide decision support to market negotiating players. Fully integrated with MASCEM it considers several different methodologies based on very distinct approaches. The Six Thinking Hats is a powerful technique used to look at decisions from different perspectives. This tool’s goal is to force the thinker to move outside his habitual thinking style. It was developed to be used mainly at meetings in order to “run better meetings, make faster decisions”. This dissertation presents a study about the applicability of the Six Thinking Hats technique in Decision Support Systems, particularly with the multiagent paradigm like the MASCEM simulator. As such this work’s proposal is of a new agent, a meta-learner based on STH technique that organizes several different ALBidS’ strategies and combines the distinct answers into a single one that, expectedly, out-performs any of them.
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Mestrado em Fiscalidade
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Mestrado em Contabilidade