979 resultados para Vitória


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Today a major responsibility for the contamination of soil and groundwater and surface water are establishments known as gas stations of fuel which has attracted increasing attention from both the general population as the state agencies of environmental control due to leaks in storage tanks and mainly to disruption of pipe corrosion of tanks and pumping. Other services, like oil changes and car wash are also causes for concern in this type of establishment. These leaks can cause or waste produced, and the contamination of aquifers, serious health problems and public safety, since most of these stations located in urban areas. Based on this, the work was to evaluate soil contamination of a particular service station and fuel sales in the city of Natal, through the quantification of heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn of total organic carbon (TOC) and organic matter using different techniques such as optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source (ICP OES), Total Organic Carbon analyzer and gravimetric analysis respectively. And also to characterize the soil through particle size analysis. Samples were taken in 21 georeferenced points and collected in the same period. The soils sampled in sampling stations P3, P5, P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P17, P18 and P20 showed the smallest size fractions ranging from fine sand to medium sand. The other study sites ranged from fine sand to medium sand, except the point P8 showed that only the type size medium sand and P19, indicating a particle size of the coarse type. The small correlation of organic matter with the elements studied in this work suggests that these are not of anthropogenic origin but geochemical support

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The retail fuel stations are partially or potentially polluters and generators of environmental accidents, potentially causing contamination of underground and surface water bodies, soil and air. Leaks in fuel retail stations´ underground storage systems are often detected in Brazil and around the world. Monoaromatic hydrocarbons, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an indication of the presence of contamination due to its high toxicity. This paper presents a case study of contamination in a Fuel Retail Station by petroleum derivative products in the city of Natal. For identification and quantification of the hydrocarbons, EPA analytical methods were used. The values of benzene quantified by EPA method 8021b CG-PID/FID, ranged from 1.164 to 4.503 mg.Kg-1 in soil samples, and from 12.10 to 27,639 μg.L-1 in underground water samples. Among the PAHs, naphthalene and anthracene showed the most significant results in soil samples, 0.420 to 15.46 mg.Kg-1 and 0.110 to 0,970 mg.Kg-1, respectively. In underground water samples, the results for Naphthalene varied between 0.759 and 614.7 μg.L-1. PAHs were quantified by EPA Method 8270 for GCMS. All of the results for the chemical analysis were compared with the values for the CONAMA 420/2009 resolution. The results for benzene (27,639 μg.L-1) showed levels highly above the recommended by the CONAMA 420 resolution, wherein the maximum permissible for underground water is 5 μg.L-1. This is a worrying factor, since underground water makes up 70% of the city of Natal´s water supply

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This project describes a methodology optimization that would allow for a more efficient microwave assisted digestion process for petroleum samples. With the possible chance to vary various factors at once to see if any one factor was significant enough in the answers, experimental planning was used. Microwave assisted digestion allows, through the application of potency, an increasing number of collisions between the HNO3 and H2O2 molecules, favoring sample opening for complex matrixes. For this, a 24 factorial experimental planning was used, varying potency, time and the volumes for HNO3 65% and H2O2 30%. To achieve the desired answers, several elements were monitored (C, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and V) through Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). With this initial study it was noticed that the HNO3 was not a significant factor for any of the statistical studies for any of the analytes and the other 3 factors and their interactions showed statistical significance. A Box Behnken experimental planning was used taking in consideration 3 factors: H2O2 volume, time (min) and Potency (W), Nitric Acid kept at 4mL for a mass of 0,1g of petroleum. The results were extremely satisfying showing higher efficiency in the digestion process and taking in a responsibility between the answers for each analyte and the carbon monitoring was achieved in the following conditions: 7mL of H2O2, 700 Watts of potency and a reaction time of 7 minutes with 4mL de HNO3 for a mass of 0,1g of petroleum. The optimized digestion process was applied to four different petroleum samples and the analytes determined by ICP-OES

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária

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O presente projeto foi realizado no âmbito do curso de Mestrado em Marketing e Promoção Turística. No decorrer do primeiro ano do referido mestrado, surgiu a ideia de desenvolver um projeto que permita interligar um problema social com uma forma de desenvolver um tipo de turismo diferenciado e que promova a região onde se insere. Foi assim, e com base no que já é realizado nos Estados Unidos, que surgiu a ideia da criação de um campo de férias destinado a crianças e jovens com excesso de peso ou obesidade, apresentando-se como uma hipótese viável na ajuda ao combate à obesidade infantojuvenil e também como um local seguro onde os pais podem deixar estes jovens e crianças nas férias e fins-de-semana com a certeza de que estes vão divertir-se e fazer novas amizades enquanto melhoram os seus conhecimentos e a sua saúde. Com este projeto pretende-se proporcionar mais um local onde as crianças e jovens com obesidade / excesso de peso, assim como os seus pais, possam recorrer para ajudar na luta contra esta situação, uma vez que até as pequenas perdas de peso são uma grande vitória e um grande avanço na melhoria da saúde, assim como uma esperança de que essa criança ou jovem não venha a ser também um adulto obeso. Situado em Peniche, este espaço pretende ajudar a promover a região e diversificar o tipo de turismo que a ela está associado, criando sinergias entre as várias entidades envolvidas nos processos turísticos da região onde se insere. Sendo um projeto dirigido a crianças e jovens, este encontra-se inserido no turismo de juventude, proporcionando novas experiências aos seus participantes, conseguindo com isso e com o trabalho de equipa exigido, que estes consigam superar as suas dúvidas, incertezas e receios e também superar pequenos traumas que possam ter sofrido devido a bullying.Este projeto foi realizado com recurso a uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com posterior análise dos dados recolhidos e criação de um plano de negócios, onde foi possível perceber que este empreendimento poderia trazer bons resultados no sentido do cumprimento dos seus objetivos e também ao nível da sua viabilidade económica.

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária