Roll Call for Fires and Alarms for Citizens' Hose Company No. 1

Roll call for fires and alarms for Citizens’ Hose Company No. 1. (1 double sided printed page). H.K. Woodruff is listed as a member, 1883.

Citizens’ Savings and Loan Association, Cleveland, Ohio passbook

Citizens’ Savings and Loan Association, Cleveland, Ohio passbook issued to Isabel G. Price, 1882- 1901.

Laver la patrie de la tache de l’ignorance L’État, les mineurs et les enfants de l’Équateur (1760-1845)

La métaphore de la famille a été utilisée, aussi bien à l’époque coloniale qu’à l’époque républicaine, pour illustrer le système politique idéal, la domination d’un groupe privilégié, les parents, sur une population obéissante, les enfants. Cette thèse survole les multiples facettes de la minorité en Équateur à l’époque coloniale et au début de l’époque républicaine (1760-1845), en se penchant sur les stratégies mises en place par l’État pour reléguer à un rang subalterne des individus n’appartenant pas à la catégorie raciale blanche métisse, c’est-à-dire les Indiens, les Noirs, les sang-mêlés, à travers un discours infantilisant. Elle s’intéresse aussi à la résistance d’individus refusant de se percevoir comme des mineurs et qui n’acceptaient pas l’ordre établi, les lois ou les décisions gouvernementales. En se présentant comme des parents compétents et en réclamant la patria potestad, l’autorité légale sur leurs enfants, des adultes considérés comme des enfants métaphoriques dans la grande famille patriarcale, par exemple des femmes, des pères indiens ou même des esclaves d’origine africaine, ont revendiqué plus d’autonomie pour eux, pour leurs familles, ou pour leurs communautés. Les guerres d’indépendance ont donné naissance à une république, la Grande-Colombie, et plus tard à un pays, l’Équateur. La figure symbolique du « parent » n’était plus incarnée par le roi d’Espagne et son appareil bureaucratique. Le système politique avait maintenant plusieurs « pères », membres d’un groupe restreint de Créoles qui, hier encore, se plaignaient d’être infantilisés par les Espagnols tyranniques. Les gens du peuple, en grande partie composé d’Indiens, étaient toujours considérés comme des « enfants » dans la nouvelle république. Comment expliquer que, dans une Nation désormais libre, des pans entiers de la population demeurent sous la tutelle d’hommes blancs? Une justification sera utilisée à répétition pour expliquer ce phénomène : l’ignorance du peuple et le besoin d’encadrement temporaire de celui-ci. Ainsi, s’est construit sur plus d’un siècle un véritable « mythe », celui d’une Nation en émergence où tous les citoyens seraient enfin placés sur un pied d’égalité, d’une Nation propre qu’on aurait nettoyée à l’aide d’écoles et de campagnes d’éducation populaire d’une tache tenace : celle de la Barbarie.

Investigations on some technologically important polymer nanocomposite films and semi crystalline Polypyrrole films

The present work deals with investigations on some technologically important polymer nanocomposite films and semi crystalline polypyrrole films.The work presented in the thesis deals with the realization of novel polymer nanocomposites with enhanced functionalities and prospects of applications in the fields related to nanophotonics. The development of inorganic/polymer nanocomposites is a rapidly expanding multidisciplinary research area with profound industrial applications. The incorporation of suitable inorganic nanoparticles can endow the resulting nanocomposites with excellent electrical, optical and mechanical properties. The first chapter gives a general introduction to nanotechnology, nanocomposites and conducting polymers. It also emphasizes the significance of ZnO among other semiconductor materials, which forms the inorganic filler in the polymer nanocomposites of the present study. This chapter also gives general ideas on the properties and applications of conducting polymers with special reference to polypyrrole. The objectives of the present investigations are also clearly addressed in this chapter. The second chapter deals with the theoretical aspects and details of all the experimental techniques used in the present work for the synthesis of polymer nanocomposites and polypyrrole samples and their various characterizations. Chapter 3 is based on the preparation and properties of ZnO/Polystyrene nanocomposite film samples. The optical properties of these nanocomoposite films are discussed in detail.Chapter 4 deals with the detailed investigations on the dependence of the optical properties of ZnO/PS nanocomposite films on the size of the nanostructured ZnO filler material. The excellent UV shielding properties of these nanocomposite films form the highlight of this chapter. Chapter 5 gives a detailed analysis of the nonlinear optical properties of ZnO/PS nanocomposite films using Z scan technique. The effect of ZnO particle size in the composite films on the nonlinear properties is discussed. The present study involves two phases of research activities. In the first phase, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO/polymer nanocomposites are investigated in detail. The second phase of work is centered on the synthesis and related studies on highly crystalline polypyrrole films. In the present study, nanosized ZnO is synthesized using wet chemical method at two different temperatures

Investigations on polyaniline based systems for technologically important applications and some novel polymers as prospective candidates for fabricating polymer light emitting diodes

Light emitting polymers (LEP) have drawn considerable attention because of their numerous potential applications in the field of optoelectronic devices. Till date, a large number of organic molecules and polymers have been designed and devices fabricated based on these materials. Optoelectronic devices like polymer light emitting diodes (PLED) have attracted wide-spread research attention owing to their superior properties like flexibility, lower operational power, colour tunability and possibility of obtaining large area coatings. PLEDs can be utilized for the fabrication of flat panel displays and as replacements for incandescent lamps. The internal efficiency of the LEDs mainly depends on the electroluminescent efficiency of the emissive polymer such as quantum efficiency, luminance-voltage profile of LED and the balanced injection of electrons and holes. Poly (p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and regio-regular polythiophenes are interesting electro-active polymers which exhibit good electrical conductivity, electroluminescent activity and high film-forming properties. A combination of Red, Green and Blue emitting polymers is necessary for the generation of white light which can replace the high energy consuming incandescent lamps. Most of these polymers show very low solubility, stability and poor mechanical properties. Many of these light emitting polymers are based on conjugated extended chains of alternating phenyl and vinyl units. The intra-chain or inter-chain interactions within these polymer chains can change the emitted colour. Therefore an effective way of synthesizing polymers with reduced π-stacking, high solubility, high thermal stability and high light-emitting efficiency is still a challenge for chemists. New copolymers have to be effectively designed so as to solve these issues. Hence, in the present work, the suitability of a few novel copolymers with very high thermal stability, excellent solubility, intense light emission (blue, cyan and green) and high glass transition temperatures have been investigated to be used as emissive layers for polymer light emitting diodes.

Italian citizenship and the descendants of Italian citizens emigrated in Colombia. Removing a social injustice

Law is often the source of social discriminations, but, at the same time, it can be thekey to delete these social discriminations. The authors try to give an example of thisphenomenon, by analyzing the impact of the Italian citizenship’s rules over the descendantsof the Italian citizens emigrated abroad and, especially, in South America.Indeed, according to the former Italian law, only fathers could transmit iure sanguinisthe citizenship to their children: moreover, women automatically lost theItalian citizenship if they get a foreign citizenship by concluding a marriage witha foreign husband.These rules hardly discriminate the Italian women emigrated abroad and, especially,their descendants who were prevented to get the Italian’s citizenship.These discriminatory rules were finally deleted by the Italian Constitutional Courtin the Seventies and in the Eighties: however, the effects of those rules still persisted,since the decision of the Constitutional Court could not overcome the temporal limit of the entry into force of the Constitution (01.01.1948) and, therefore, could not“cover” the discriminatory facts occurred before that date.Finally in 2009, the Italian Supreme Court, by extending the effects ratione temporisof the decisions of the Constitutional Court, “reopened the doors” of the Italiancitizenship to a huge number of Italian citizenship born from Italian women beforethe 01.01.1948.Therefore, the authors focus on the social impact of this decision for all the potentialItalian citizens living in South America and try to assess its juridical effects overthe Italian law.

Citizens and society : political literacy teacher resource pack.

Este recurso para los profesores incluye todas las lecciones y actividades exigidas en el programa de estudio de Ciudadanía para las etapas de secundaria 3 y 4 (key stage 3 y 4) y, también, para la preparación del General Certificate Secondary Education (GCSE). Proporciona a los docentes los medios para que los alumnos lancen ideas personales y formas de argumentación que les conviertan en ciudadanos informados e inquisitivos. Estimula una enseñanza efectiva de los principales asuntos políticos y sociales y, orienta para conseguir y evaluar los conocimientos de los alumnos y la comprensión de los temas tratados. Se hace, también, hincapié en dotar a éstos de habilidades para pensar sobre los debates políticos y las cuestiones sociales, incluso, este material sirve como base para clases de política y, para los estudiantes mayores de dieciséis años, para clases de gobierno y política y pensamiento crítico.

Citizens' minds : the French Revolution.

Ayuda a los alumnos a entender la mentalidad de las personas que vivieron la Revolución Francesa. Para lo cual estudia las condiciones sociales, políticas y económicas de Francia y de sus ciudadanos en los años previos a la Revolución, durante la fase del Terror y en la era napoleónica. Cada sección se estructura como una investigación histórica, para que cada estudiante seleccione, ordene y clasifique la información y aprenda a relacionar las cuestiones clave. Su contenido se adapta al curriculum nacional inglés.

Citizens' minds. Teacher's book : the French Revolution.

Es un recurso para el profesor basado en el libro del alumno, que le ayuda a planificar el estudio. Utiliza preguntas de carácter muy general, para dar a los estudiantes una visión de conjunto y en profundidad de los acontecimientos históricos.

Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Senior Citizens (EQ-i-M20)

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

International Baccalaureate : a supranational curriculum for global citizens

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n.

We are European Citizens : jugar para aprender a ser europeos

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n