Entre Petrônio e Longo: uma proposta da pedagogia erótica

A presente dissertação tem como corpus o romance erótico grego Pastoral ou Dáfnis e Cloé (III d.C.), do sofista Longo, e o romance erótico latino Satiricon(I d.C.), de Petrônio, arbitro da elegância do imperador Nero. O estudo objetiva descrever, em perspectiva comparada, como esses romancistas estão engajados com a técnica da cura sui, admitindo constituir essa prática uma espécie de paideia, ou seja, uma pedagogia erótica em prol de uma austeridade sexual, em nome da preservação da saúde do corpo e da elevação da alma. Busca, também, mostrar que o gênero romance surgiu muito antes do século XII da nossa era, ao contrário do que se afirma, bem como derrubar a falsa concepção, por parte do leitor moderno, de que a Antiguidade havia sido um verdadeiro paraíso da permissividade sexual. Tal percurso, também, permite-nos, ao fim, uma reflexão diferenciada acerca da situação social e política dos cidadãos livres e escravizados dos primeiros séculos da nossa era

Idea e alethea: a confrontação de Heidegger com Platão

O objetivo desta tese é analisar a confrontação de Heidegger com Platão, no que concerne às duas palavras fundamentais da metafísica platônica, idea e aletheia. O primeiro capítulo estuda o horizonte hermenêutico em que ocorre essa confrontação, no contexto da segunda fase da obra de Heidegger, após a viragem (Kehre) do seu pensamento: uma meditação histórico-ontológica capaz de saltar para o impensado do outro início, ao destruir a história da ontologia baseada na metafísica da idea, que constitui o primeiro início. O segundo capítulo concentra-se no conceito de idea, nos seus múltiplos aspectos: metafísico, ontológico, teoló-gico, eidético, ótico, apriorístico e dualista. A noção de ideia implica uma transição epocal no sentido filosófico da verdade, considerada não mais como aletheia, mas como correspondên-cia do pensamento à ideia, à entidade dos entes. Esse é o objeto do terceiro capítulo, que rela-ciona o acontecimento apropriativo do ser (Ereignis) à verdade histórico-ontológica da physis e à verdade metafísica da ideia.

Pedagogika, jako podstawa bycia człowiekiem i europejskiej cywilizacji

Jest to próba uczynienia z pedagogiki (paidei) podstawy bycia człowiekiem i rzeczywistości, poprzez odwołanie się do jej antycznych źródeł.

Pleasure and instruction in the Prologue of Longus’ “Daphnis and Chloe”

The present study attempts to demonstrate that the ancient Greek novel Daphnis and Chloe systematically explores the problem expressed by Horace in the phrase docere et delectare, and that this purpose is announced in the Prologue. The functions of prologues as such are briefly reviewed. After a consideration of the prologues of the remaining ancient Greek novels, the Prologue of Longus’s Daphnis and Chloe is analyzed line by line. Longus uses the Prologue, then, to establish a series of dialectical tensions that operate throughout the novel, allowing it to delight and instruct at the same time.

Filozofia antyczna wobec problemu interpretacji. Rozwój alegorezy od przedsokratyków do Arystotelesa

The present work examines the beginnings of ancient hermeneutics. More specifically, it discusses the connection between the rise of the practice of allegoresis, on the one hand, and the emergence of the first theory of figurative language, on the other. Thus, this book investigates the specific historical and cultural circumstances that enabled the ancient Greeks not only to discover the possibility of allegorical interpretation, but also to treat figurative language as a philosophical problem. By posing difficulties in understanding the enigmatic sense of various esoteric doctrines, poems, oracles and riddles, figurative language created the context for theoretical reflection on the meaning of these “messages”. Hence, ancient interpreters began to ponder over the nature and functions of figurative (“enigmatic”) language as well as over the techniques of its proper use and interpretation. Although the practice of allegorical interpretation was closely linked to the development of the whole of ancient philosophy, the present work covers only the period from the 6th to the 4th century B.C. It concentrates, then, on the philosophical and cultural consequences of allegoresis in the classical age. The main thesis advocated here has it that the ancient Greeks were in-clined to regard allegory as a cognitive problem rather than merely as a stylistic or a literary one. When searching for the hidden meanings of various esoteric doc-trines, poems, oracles and riddles, ancient interpreters of these “messages” assumed allegory to be the only tool suitable for articulating certain matters. In other words, it was their belief that the use of figurative language resulted from the necessity of expressing things that were otherwise inexpressible. The present work has been organized in the following manner. The first part contains historical and philological discussions that provide the point of departure for more philosophical considerations. This part consists of two introductory chapters. Chapter one situates the practice of allegorical interpretation at the borderline of two different traditions: the rhetorical-grammatical and the hermeneutical. In order to clearly differentiate between the two, chapter one distinguishes between allegory and allegoresis, on the one hand, and allegoresis and exegesis, on the other. While pointing to the conventionality (and even arbitrariness) of such distinctions, the chapter argues, nevertheless, for their heuristic usefulness. The remaining part of chapter one focuses on a historical and philological reconstruction of the most important conceptual tools of ancient hermeneutics. Discussing the semantics of such terms as allēgoría, hypónoia, ainigma and symbolon proves important for at least two crucial reasons. Firstly, it reveals the mutual affinity between allegoresis and divination, i.e., practices that are inherently connected with the need to discover the latent meaning of the “message” in question (whether poem or oracle). Secondly, these philological analyses bring to light the specificity of the ancient understanding of such concepts as allegory or symbol. It goes without saying that antiquity employed these terms in a manner quite disparate from modernity. Chapter one concludes with a discussion of ancient views on the cognitive value of figurative (“enigmatic”) language. Chapter two focuses on the role that allegoresis played in the process of transforming mythos into logos. It is suggested here that it was the practice of allegorical interpretation that made it possible to preserve the traditional myths as an important point of reference for the whole of ancient philosophy. Thus, chapter two argues that the existence of a clear opposition between mythos into logos in Preplatonic philosophy is highly questionable in light of the indisputable fact that the Presocratics, Sophists and Cynics were profoundly convinced about the cognitive value of mythos (this conviction was also shared by Plato and Aristotle, but their attitude towards myth was more complex). Consequently, chapter two argues that in Preplatonic philosophy, myth played a function analogous to the concepts discussed in chapter one (i.e., hidden meanings, enigmas and symbols), for in all these cases, ancient interpreters found tools for conveying issues that were otherwise difficult to convey. Chapter two concludes with a classification of various types of allegoresis. Whilst chapters one and two serve as a historical and philological introduction, the second part of this book concentrates on the close relationship between the development of allegoresis, on the one hand, and the flowering of philosophy, on the other. Thus, chapter three discusses the crucial role that allegorical interpretation came to play in Preplatonic philosophy, chapter four deals with Plato’s highly complex and ambivalent attitude to allegoresis, and chapter five has been devoted to Aristotle’s original approach to the practice of allegorical interpretation. It is evident that allegoresis was of paramount importance for the ancient thinkers, irrespective of whether they would value it positively (Preplatonic philosophers and Aristotle) or negatively (Plato). Beginning with the 6th century B.C., the ancient practice of allegorical interpretation is motivated by two distinct interests. On the one hand, the practice of allegorical interpretation reflects the more or less “conservative” attachment to the authority of the poet (whether Homer, Hesiod or Orpheus). The purpose of this apologetic allegoresis is to exonerate poetry from the charges leveled at it by the first philosophers and, though to a lesser degree, historians. Generally, these allegorists seek to save the traditional paideia that builds on the works of the poets. On the other hand, the practice of allegorical interpretation reflects also the more or less “progressive” desire to make original use of the authority of the poet (whether Homer, Hesiod or Orpheus) so as to promote a given philosophical doctrine. The objective of this instrumental allegoresis is to exculpate philosophy from the accusations brought against it by the more conservative circles. Needless to say, these allegorists significantly contribute to the process of the gradual replacing of the mythical view of the world with its more philosophical explanation. The present book suggests that it is the philosophy of Aristotle that should be regarded as a sort of acme in the development of ancient hermeneutics. The reasons for this are twofold. On the one hand, the Stagirite positively values the practice of allegoresis, rehabilitating, thus, the tradition of Preplatonic philosophy against Plato. And, on the other hand, Aristotle initiates the theoretical reflection on figurative (“enigmatic”) language. Hence, in Aristotle we encounter not only the practice of allegoresis, but also the theory of allegory (although the philosopher does not use the term allēgoría). With the situation being as it is, the significance of Aristotle’s work cannot be overestimated. First of all, the Stagirite introduces the concept of metaphor into the then philosophical considerations. From that moment onwards, the phenomenon of figurative language becomes an important philosophical issue. After Aristo-tle, the preponderance of thinkers would feel obliged to specify the rules for the appropriate use of figurative language and the techniques of its correct interpretation. Furthermore, Aristotle ascribes to metaphor (and to various other “excellent” sayings) the function of increasing and enhancing our knowledge. Thus, according to the Stagirite, figurative language is not only an ornamental device, but it can also have a significant explanatory power. Finally, Aristotle observes that figurative expressions cause words to become ambiguous. In this context, the philosopher notices that ambiguity can enrich the language of a poet, but it can also hinder a dialectical discussion. Accordingly, Aristotle is inclined to value polysemy either positively or negatively. Importantly, however, the Stagirite is perfectly aware of the fact that in natural languages ambiguity is unavoidable. This is why Aristotle initiates a syste-matic reflection on the phenomenon of ambiguity and distinguishes its various kinds. In Aristotle, ambiguity is, then, both a problem that needs to be identified and a tool that can help in elucidating intricate philosophical issues. This unique approach to ambiguity and figurative (“enigmatic”) language enabled Aristotle to formulate invaluable intuitions that still await appropriate recognition.

La elipse como lugar geométrico a través de la geometría del doblado de papel en el contexto de Van Hiele

El presente artículo es un producto derivado de la investigación: “La elipse como lugar geométrico a través de la geometría del doblado de papel en el contexto de Van Hiele”, en la que se analizó el proceso de comprensión del concepto de elipse como lugar geométrico, de cinco estudiantes del grado décimo de una Institución Educativa de la ciudad de Medellín. El estudio de casos cualitativo permitió el establecimiento de los descriptores de los niveles de razonamiento de Van Hiele que caracterizaron dicho proceso de comprensión y a su vez, iluminaron la creación de un guion de entrevista de carácter socrático, que se convirtió en una experiencia de aprendizaje para los estudiantes en tanto que les permitió avanzar en su nivel de razonamiento.

La comprensión del concepto de continuidad en el marco de la teoría de Pirie y Kieren

La mayoría de personas involucradas directa o indirectamente con la Educación Matemática estamos de acuerdo en que la comprensión de conceptos es el aspecto más relevante en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las Matemáticas. Nuestro objetivo es diseñar y aplicar una entrevista semiestructurada de carácter socrático, para describir cómo comprenden el concepto de Continuidad cuatro estudiantes de cursos de cálculo diferencial en Instituciones oficiales de la ciudad de Medellín. Para alcanzar este objetivo utilizamos la entrevista semiestructurada de carácter socrático, como instrumento principal de recolección de información, así como observaciones y materiales escritos; la entrevista a su vez se convirtió en una estrategia metodológica para mejorar la comprensión de los estudiantes, en el marco de la Teoría de Pirie y Kieren, nuestro Marco Teórico.

Reading of audiovisual productions of contemporary art in art education

This article focuses on the reading of audiovisual productions of contemporary art as a creative process, seeking to analyse which effects of meaning the articulations between the visual and sound systems produce, and the meaning that children give to then. It describes a video art, identifying the languages that compose it and the relationships that link them. Such reading exercise had as corpus of analysis the Chair video art, by Masaru Ozaki, and counted with the theoretical and methodological support of the discourse semiotics, especially with studies on assembly procedures that articulate visual and auditory languages. Also, it presents a focal study with the meanings that a group of children gave to the video art. The findings indicate the importance of including the reading of audiovisual productions of contemporary art at school through the problematization of effects of meaning produced by the interrelation between different languages. And they suggest some subsidies that allow teachers from different areas of knowledge to reflect about the visuality in their pedagogical practice; the choice of the audiovisual materials taken to the classroom and other ways of seeing these texts edited.

El significado de la prosopopeya de las Leyes en el "Critón" de Platon

El objeto de este trabajo es realizar un estudio iusfilosófico sobre la aparición de las Leyes (nómoi) personificadas de Atenas en el Critón de Platón. La prosopopeya de las Leyes resulta ser un aspecto central para poder comprender la obra, ya que éstas entablan un diálogo imaginario con Sócrates en el cual instalan diversos argumentos filosóficos para fundamentar la autoridad de la pólis. A los fines de identificar el valor argumentativo de este recurso en la obra, analizaré el significado del nómos en la Atenas del siglo V a. C. y la naturaleza de las Leyes en el contexto general del diálogo. Se busca demostrar la importancia que tienen aquéllas para explicar la decisión de Sócrates de beber la cicuta.

La música práctica en san Agustín: "vestigium" y "signum"

En distintos momentos de su producción intelectual, Agustín se refirió al asunto de la música. En este artículo mostraremos que Agustín uso dos esquemas conceptuales distintos para describir el fenómeno de la música práctica en su relación con el mundo espiritual, el esquema de las Artes Liberales y el de la teoría del signo, y que en virtud de ello la música sería concebida de dos modos diferentes: como vestigium y como signum del mundo espiritual, respectivamente. Al final del artículo analizaremos la diferencia entre las dos concepciones considerando tres elementos: la naturaleza de la relación entre mundo material y espiritual, el contenido espiritual al que remite y la noción de belleza que implica.

Motivos de beleza e amor no cancioneiro popular português e sérvio

Tese de doutoramento, Linguística (Linguística Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014

A filosofia no ensino secundário: um ponto de vista

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Filosofia no Ensino Secundário

De la ontología de la imagen-cine a la ética del primer plano

Este texto propone un análisis ontológico y ético de la imagen-cine como simulacro. Se consideran tres posturas diferentes: la platónica, la bergsoniana y la deleuziana. El cine de Ingmar Bergman utiliza los elementos de la nueva imagen-cine y resalta el primer plano por expresar el devenir subjetivo y las relaciones interpersonales.

Tecnología, rendimiento deportivo y transhumanismo

Este ensayo versa sobre el deporte como una de las instituciones más poderosas e influyentes en la sociedad actual. En él la exigencia por el máximo rendimiento aunada a la enorme importancia dada al ganar y al espectáculo es aceptada y celebrada. Estos factores confluyen para que la mejora de las capacidades humanas sea objeto de continua búsqueda y para tal fin el inobjetable papel de la tecnología ha sido admitido sin mayores resistencias. La evolución ya no desempeña de forma exclusiva esa tarea y la tecnología ha pasado a compartir el proceso, acelerando de forma dramática el rediseño de la especie ofreciendo un prometedor escenario. Naturalmente en el mismo deporte es posible encontrar excepciones a este arrollador influjo.

Cooperación internacional de las naciones unidas al plan nacional de educación en derechos humanos (planedh) en Colombia, (2004 - 2012)

El interés de este estudio de caso es analizar el papel de la cooperación internacional de la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas (OACNUDH) en la implementación del Plan Nacional de Educación en Derechos Humanos (PLANEDH) como política pública en Colombia. El análisis conducirá a la importancia del apoyo de la OACNUDH en el proceso de consolidación del PLANEDH como política pública y como estrategia para garantizar la promoción, protección y ejecución de los derechos humanos. Para el caso, se tomará la perspectiva teórica del neoliberalismo institucional de Robert Keohane, por medio de la cual se pretende explicar la influencia de las instituciones internacionales en las acciones de los Estados.