A gestão educacional das secretarias municipais de educação de municípios maranhenses a partir do plano de ações articuladas 2007-2011

The main purpose of this thesis was to analyze educational management of Municipal Departments of Education (SEMED’s) of cities in Maranhão inserted in the Plan of Articulated Actions (2007- 2011). We evidence the role of Union in that public policy. The leading argument is that Brazilian federal government is not demos constraining in relation to its national sub-governments, what makes the central government to enforce, primarily, educational politics like PAR. This kind of politics interferes in the educational management by national sub-governments, turning them into mere executors. By turning them into mere executors, PAR limits their autonomy and over imposes the results-based management as a parameter to improve the education quality. In order to develop the hypothesis, we adopted Political Science as theoretical basis, represented by Federalism Theory as pact which premise is the cooperative pattern of federalism as being the best form of government because it allows a joint decision-making process from the idea of no centralization of power. The methodology was historical materialism, which assumes the totality and contradiction as a form to understand the phenomenon that does not express in direct way its existence, but can be analyzed from such categories that made possible to interpret the reality. So, we used as tools the semistructured interview and documental analyses with triangulation of data. The empirical basis of the research is 04 (four) cities in Maranhão that obey the following criteria: 1. The municipality has to be assigned on the FNDE Resolution nº 29/2007; 2. To present the lowest educational management indexes from the diagnosis made in loco by PAR; 3. To present the lowest financial management indexes based on the diagnosis in loco by PAR. The results suggest that PAR does not effect a resultbased management which are proposed in its legal rules neither the SEMEDs can propose their conception of educational management. That situation creates a hybridism that sometimes turns to managerialism and performativity, sometimes to bureaucracy, sometimes to a total uncoordinated and unarticulated action. In relation to SEMEDs management, this thesis shows that these institutions have no own conception about educational management and end up acting in an uncoordinated and unarticulated way. The thesis concludes that PAR is an over imposition by federal government towards national sub-governments that conflicts with management patterns of those institutions that are used to a less managerial logic. This over imposition makes the Central government to be the center of Brazilian federalism, which is in reality an incomplete pact.

Parcerias municipais com o terceiro setor: o caso do conselho municipal dos direitos da criança e do adolescente de Natal

The relationship between the State and the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) needs to be analyzed and debated by the objective to extinguish or to reduce the existent failures in this partnership in order that the whole society may benefit from it. To understand how the partnership between the public and NGOs work is fundamental. The present study searches to contribute to a better understanding of this matter. With this aim, the research focused the partnership formed between Natal Child and Adolescent Council (COMDICA) and NGOs which were selected by public notice in 2007. Theoretical references were based on the Continuum of Collaboration proposed by Austin (2001) that serves to differentiate the degree and the mode of interaction between the two organizations. It was observed that in some points there is a lack in the interaction between COMDICA and the NGOs. The frequent change of the government counselors makes difficult a more intense involvement and partnership awareness with the NGOs. The NGOs members need to be more involved with the activities of COMDICA and search for a larger participation in the assemblies, on the discussions and on the intrinsic council actions. The relationship must also be rethought, since that the partnership must not be limited to financial resources support. The channels of communication must be improved and become more frequent. The evaluation and monitoring of social projects are poor and own methodologies need to be elaborated. Therefore, it is necessary to make some adjustments in this relationship involving not only the partnerships made by the selected ONGs, but also all those who assist the child and the adolescent. A closer relation makes possible a greater effectiveness of the public policies on one side and on the other side improves the performance of the COMDICA and the NGOs

Eleição nas escolas: uma análise do impacto do diretor eleito sobre o desempenho educacional no Estado da Bahia

In Brazil, the selection of school principals is set in a decentralized manner by each state and city, such that processes may vary with time for a specific locality. In the state of Bahia, school principals were appointed by a higher political hierarchy until 2008, when schools under state administration started selecting principals by elections. The main goal of this work is to evaluate whether changing this specific rule affected students proficiency levels. This is achieved by using a panel data and difference-in-differences approachs that compares state schools (treatment group) to city schools (control group) that did not face a selection rule change and thus kept having their principals politically appointed. The databases used are Prova Brasil 2007, 2009 and 2011, the first one prior and the other two former to the policy change. Our results suggest that students attending schools with principals that are selected and elected have slightly lower mean proficiency levels both in mathematics and in portuguese exams than those attending schools with appointed principals. This result, according to the literature, could be related to perverse effects of selecting school administrators by vote, such as corporatism, clientelism and politicization of the school environment

A memória e a identidade do sindicato de trabalhadores em educação das redes pública e estadual e municipais do Maranhão - SINPROESEMMA, São Luís, Maranhão Brasil

Esse estudo refere-se à construção da Memória e da Identidade do Sindicato de Trabalhadores em Educação das Redes Pública Estadual e Municipais do Maranhão – SINPROESEMMA, entidade reconhecida oficialmente pela categoria como seu legítimo representante em todo Estado do Maranhão. Reconstruir a Memória e a Identidade do SINPROESEMMA, naqueles que lhe deram origem, pois, a memória permite a relação do corpo presente com o passado e, ao mesmo tempo, interfere no processo “atual” das representações. A memória aparece como força subjetiva ao mesmo tempo profunda e ativa, latente e penetrante. A memória desse sindicato que não deve ser pensada apenas como resgate do passado, mas como marco referencial a partir do qual os docentes, a sociedade acadêmica e a própria comunidade redescobrem valores e experiências. Portanto se a memória e a identidade do SINPROESEMMA forem entendidas como ferramenta de comunicação e de organização dos trabalhadores, então poder-se-á afirmar que se transforma em conhecimento útil a história e a experiência acumulada em sua trajetória. Uma das características da memória, que é essencial ao pesquisador, é o fato de, apesar de resguardar sua dimensão subjetiva, também expressar, no que tange ao SINPROESEMMA, sua constituição de bases coletivas. Este trabalho mostrará como as condições básicas objetivas e subjetivas do mesmo estão relacionadas à luta dos trabalhadores do ensino público das redes municipais e estadual do Estado do Maranhão - Brasil.

Acessibilidade no ambiente escolar: reflexões com base no estudo de duas escolas municipais de Natal-RN

This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

O Rio Grande do Sul no federalismo brasileiro: a autonomia dos governos municipais gaúchos

Este estudo busca verificar autonomia dos municípios gaúchos, abalizado na teoria do federalismo fiscal brasileiro, dirimindo a equidade e eficiência do Sistema Federal de Redistribuição de Recursos entes subnacionais pelo período de 1995 a 2013. Tal conjuntura foi balizada com referenciais teóricos atuais e metodologia de estimação do índice de autonomia fiscal, com dados coletados na base de dados Finanças do Brasil, da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional. Estes dados foram transformados em índices de autonomia fiscal no contexto do federalismo fiscal brasileiro. Como resultado observou-se que houve reflexo das mudanças na legislação quanto à contabilidade governamental e que o os municípios de maior população é que apresentam maior autonomia quanto aos recursos próprios.

A qualidade da informação financeira previsional como instrumento de avaliação do pressuposto da continuidade: o caso das empresas municipais

Mestrado em Auditoria

Emancipações municipais:uma análise de aspectos econômicos e distribuição orçamentária para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Este trabalho visa analisar as características dos municípios que se emanciparam no Rio Grande do Sul, analisando diversos aspectos econômicos entre os anos de 1997 e 2005, comparando com os municípios que deram origem a eles. Utilizando o Coeficiente de Gini, em uma análise que utiliza o orçamento municipal per capita, um instrumento muito importante para comparação da capacidade fiscal dos municípios, busca-se observar se as emancipações contribuíram para uma melhor distribuição orçamentária no Estado. As análises indicaram que os municípios emancipados obtiveram um avanço nos indicadores estudados no período de 15 anos, inclusive com uma diminuição da dependência frente aos repasses da União e uma melhora significativa na capacidade de arrecadação própria. Também se verificou que num primeiro momento houve uma melhora na distribuição orçamentária, mas analisando o longo prazo a curva se inverte, concluindo que as emancipações não resultaram em uma melhor distribuição.

Implementação de programas de educação ambiental nas escolas municipais de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a implementação dos programas de Educação Ambiental nas escolas de ensino fundamental, da Rede Municipal de Ensino Público, do Município de Curitiba, no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Esta análise tem por objeto de estudo as ações desenvolvidas pelas escolas, no que se refere às condições de saúde e bem-estar, a partir do que estabelecem os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Buscou-se compreender como os conteúdos definidos por ‘temas transversais' propiciam a constituição de um espaço de transformação em nível municipal. Este trabalho se constrói com base em discussões sobre o conhecimento produzido na área de Educação Ambiental e pelo levantamento de informações por meio de entrevistas e questionários junto aos profissionais ligados aos órgãos municipais responsáveis e às escolas. A análise realizada demonstrou que os projetos implementados vêm surtindo efeito positivo sobre as transformações dos pensamentos relativos às questões ambientais, sofrendo descontinuidades devido às mudanças nas gestões políticas. ABSTRACT; This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Environment Education Programs in the schools of the Municipal Public Education Network, in the City of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The object study on this analysis is the actions developed by the schools, referring the conditions of health and well-being, from what is established by the National Curricular Parameters. We try to understand how the contents defined for 'transversal subjects' can propitiate the constitution of a space of transformation in municipal level. This work is built on discussion about the knowledge produced in the area of Environment Education besides the survey of informations through interviews and questionnaires with professionals connected to the responsible offices and the schools. This analysis demonstrated that the implemented projects is causing positive effects on the transformations of the relative thoughts to the environment questions, come suffering discontinuities due to the changes in the managements politics. RESUMEN; Este proyecto tiene por objetivo examinar la implementación de los programas de educación ambiental en las escuelas de educación básica de la Red Municipal de Educación Pública, en la ciudad de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. El objeto de estudio de la análisis son las medidas adoptadas por las escuelas, con respecto a la salud y el bienestar, de acuerdo con lo establecido por los Parámetros Curriculares Nacionales. Tratamos de comprender como el contenido, tal como se define por "temas transversales" puede ofertar un espacio de transformación en el nivel municipal. Este trabajo se basa en los debates de los conocimientos producidos en el ámbito de la educación ambiental y por las informaciones planteadas a través de entrevistas y cuestionarios con los profesionales de los departamentos responsables y en las escuelas. El análisis mostró que los proyectos ejecutados han tenido efecto positiva en la transformación de ideas sobre cuestiones ambientales, sufriendo discontinuidades debidas a cambios en las gestiones políticas.

Análise das metodologias de caracterização e delimitação da estrutura ecológica nos planos municipais de ordenamento do território do Alentejo

O estágio realizado teve como objetivo analisar as metodologias de caracterização utilizadas aquando da delimitação da estrutura ecológica municipal de cada concelho alentejano. Propõe-se que este trabalho reflita e sistematize as diferentes perspetivas levadas a cabo na execução dos planos de ordenamento do território (à escala municipal). Pretende-se sobretudo verificar se esta delimitação vai, ou não, ao encontro da perspetiva da Arquitetura Paisagista e de que forma deve esta ser transposta para os processos de planeamento e se cumpre as orientações de carácter geral constantes do PROTA. Hoje em dia, a preservação ambiental já vem sendo considerada uma questão de ordem social, pelo que devemos dirigir--nos para a adoção de um novo padrão de atuação que apreenda o elevado grau de degradação ambiental atual. Este padrão implica o reconhecimento das componentes ambiental, ecológica e paisagística nos processos de planeamento e gestão, fazendo com que a componente ecológica e ambiental seja tida em consideração a par dos elementos construídos e dos económicos e sociais; ABSTRACT: Analysis of Characterization and Delimitation Methodologies of the Ecological Structure in the Municipal Plans for the Alentejo Regional Planning The objective of this internship was to analyze the characterization methodologies during the delimitation of the municipal ecological structure of each county in the Alentejo region. It is proposed that this work reflects and systematizes different perspectives undertaken in the implementation of territory development plans territory (at the municipal level). It is primarily intended to determine if that definition will, or not, meet the perspective of Landscape Architecture and how this should be implemented in the planning processes, and also if that definition follows the general guidelines fixed by the Regional Plan for Spatial Planning of Alentejo. Nowadays, environmental protection has already been considered a matter of social order, thus we must guide ourselves to the adoption of a new standard of performance to seize the high level of current environmental degradation. This pattern implies the recognition of the environmental, ecological and landscape components in planning and management processes, causing ecological and environmental aspects to be taken into consideration alongside the built, economic and social elements.

O controlo do circuito, da tramitação, da recuperação dos documentos e a legislação nos arquivos municipais de Moçambique

Este estudo tem como objectivo conciliar aspectos da Arquivística à Boa Administração através da gestão dos documentos com efoque no controlo do circuito, da tramitação, da recuperação dos documentos e a legislação nos arquivos municipais em Moçambique no período 1933-2007. O estudo realizado em três universos: municípios de Maputo, da Beira e de Quelimane, em que se confirma que os instrumentos de controlo utilizados na circulação e recuperação dos documentos contribuem para uma boa governação, garantindo a transparência dos actos administrativos e a salvaguarda dos direitos dos cidadãos. Mostra-se que nunca se deve prescindir quer das actividades que delineiam os macro e micro processos nas instituições quer da definição prévia dos percursos documentais, da regulamentação dos procedimentos, da utilização de técnicas que permitam a recuperação dos documentos e da informação: Mostra-se a importância da formação e do conhecimento dos procedimentos pelos funcionários dos escalões autorizados a realizar, pareceres e despachos, da determinação das formas do controlo documental e da garantia no cumprimento dos prazos estabelecidos para cada percurso e, finalmente, a necessária observância prática da legislação criada para esse efeito. ABSTRACT; This case study has as a main objective the reconciliation of the filing aspects with a good Administration though the management of documents and its network, specially in the restoring of files and its legislation into the Municipal Archives of Mozambique during the period of 1933-2007. The study was based on three cities where municipal councils were created, namely: Maputo, Beira and Quelimane. Record's contrail tools used either for registering record transactions or for the access of information contained in them, ensure good governance, transparency and protection of citizen rights. We show the necessity of the activities which lead to macro and micro processes within the organization. This requires that records procedures on transactions must be established and so the guidelines for records' contrail, registration and tools for the information retrieval. We indicate procedures to be followed by authorized civil servants, the importance of their practical training and we define types of records' contrail to ensure their preservation and use in order to accomplish the national legislation.

Parcerias municipais com o terceiro setor: o caso do conselho municipal dos direitos da criança e do adolescente de Natal

The relationship between the State and the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) needs to be analyzed and debated by the objective to extinguish or to reduce the existent failures in this partnership in order that the whole society may benefit from it. To understand how the partnership between the public and NGOs work is fundamental. The present study searches to contribute to a better understanding of this matter. With this aim, the research focused the partnership formed between Natal Child and Adolescent Council (COMDICA) and NGOs which were selected by public notice in 2007. Theoretical references were based on the Continuum of Collaboration proposed by Austin (2001) that serves to differentiate the degree and the mode of interaction between the two organizations. It was observed that in some points there is a lack in the interaction between COMDICA and the NGOs. The frequent change of the government counselors makes difficult a more intense involvement and partnership awareness with the NGOs. The NGOs members need to be more involved with the activities of COMDICA and search for a larger participation in the assemblies, on the discussions and on the intrinsic council actions. The relationship must also be rethought, since that the partnership must not be limited to financial resources support. The channels of communication must be improved and become more frequent. The evaluation and monitoring of social projects are poor and own methodologies need to be elaborated. Therefore, it is necessary to make some adjustments in this relationship involving not only the partnerships made by the selected ONGs, but also all those who assist the child and the adolescent. A closer relation makes possible a greater effectiveness of the public policies on one side and on the other side improves the performance of the COMDICA and the NGOs

Metodologia de avaliação de sistemas municipais de meio ambiente : aplicação a RIDE-DF e Entorno

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos, 2015.

Eleição nas escolas: uma análise do impacto do diretor eleito sobre o desempenho educacional no Estado da Bahia

In Brazil, the selection of school principals is set in a decentralized manner by each state and city, such that processes may vary with time for a specific locality. In the state of Bahia, school principals were appointed by a higher political hierarchy until 2008, when schools under state administration started selecting principals by elections. The main goal of this work is to evaluate whether changing this specific rule affected students proficiency levels. This is achieved by using a panel data and difference-in-differences approachs that compares state schools (treatment group) to city schools (control group) that did not face a selection rule change and thus kept having their principals politically appointed. The databases used are Prova Brasil 2007, 2009 and 2011, the first one prior and the other two former to the policy change. Our results suggest that students attending schools with principals that are selected and elected have slightly lower mean proficiency levels both in mathematics and in portuguese exams than those attending schools with appointed principals. This result, according to the literature, could be related to perverse effects of selecting school administrators by vote, such as corporatism, clientelism and politicization of the school environment