Production of highly charged ion beams with SECRAL

Superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source with advanced design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) is an all-superconducting-magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for the production of intense highly charged ion beams to meet the requirements of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). To further enhance the performance of SECRAL, an aluminum chamber has been installed inside a 1.5 mm thick Ta liner used for the reduction of x-ray irradiation at the high voltage insulator. With double-frequency (18+14.5 GHz) heating and at maximum total microwave power of 2.0 kW, SECRAL has successfully produced quite a few very highly charged Xe ion beams, such as 10 e mu A of Xe37+, 1 e mu A of Xe43+, and 0.16 e mu A of Ne-like Xe44+. To further explore the capability of the SECRAL in the production of highly charged heavy metal ion beams, a first test run on bismuth has been carried out recently. The main goal is to produce an intense Bi31+ beam for HIRFL accelerator and to have a feel how well the SECRAL can do in the production of very highly charged Bi beams. During the test, though at microwave power less than 3 kW, more than 150 e mu A of Bi31+, 22 e mu A of Bi41+, and 1.5 e mu A of Bi50+ have been produced. All of these results have again demonstrated the great capability of the SECRAL source. This article will present the detailed results and brief discussions to the production of highly charged ion beams with SECRAL.

New development of advanced superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source SECRAL (invited)

Superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source with advance design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) is an 18-28 GHz fully superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source dedicated for highly charged heavy ion beam production. SECRAL, with an innovative superconducting magnet structure of solenoid-inside-sextupole and at lower frequency and lower rf power operation, may open a new way for developing compact and reliable high performance superconducting ECR ion source. One of the recent highlights achieved at SECRAL is that some new record beam currents for very high charge states were produced by 18 GHz or 18+14.5 GHz double frequency heating, such as 1 e mu A of Xe-129(43+), 22 e mu A of Bi-209(41+), and 1.5 e mu A of Bi-209(50+). To further enhance the performance of SECRAL, a 24 GHz/7 kW gyrotron microwave generator was installed and SECRAL was tested at 24 GHz. Some promising and exciting results at 24 GHz with new record highly charged ion beam intensities were produced, such as 455 e mu A of Xe-129(27+) and 152 e mu A of Xe-129(30+), although the commissioning time was limited within 3-4 weeks and rf power only 3-4 kW. Bremsstrahlung measurements at 24 GHz show that x-ray is much stronger with higher rf frequency, higher rf power. and higher minimum mirror magnetic field (minimum B). Preliminary emittance measurements indicate that SECRAL emittance at 24 GHz is slightly higher that at 18 GHz. SECRAL has been put into routine operation at 18 GHz for heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) accelerator complex since May 2007. The total operation beam time from SECRAL for HIRFL accelerator has been more than 2000 h, and Xe-129(27+), Kr-78(19+), Bi-209(31+), and Ni-58(19+) beams were delivered. All of these new developments, the latest results, and long-term operation for the accelerator have again demonstrated that SECRAL is one of the best in the performance of ECR ion source for highly charged heavy ion beam production. Finally the future development of SECRAL will be presented.

薄罗藓科和羽藓科某些属分类位置的探讨

Herpetineurontoccoae(Sull.et.Lesq.)Card.〕、(ThuidiumkanedaeSak.)、〔Claopodiumpellucinerve(Mitt.)Best.〕、〔Anomodonrugelii(C.Mｌｌ.)Keissl.〕、Haplohymeniumtriste(Ces.)Kindb.〕〔Lescuraeapatens(Lindb.)Arn.etJens〕、(LeskeapolycarpaEhrh.exHedw.)、〔Bryohaplocladiummicrophyllum(Hedw.)R.WatanabeetIwats〕、(FauriellatenerrimaBroth.)Bryohaplocladiumangustifolium(HampeetC.M櫣ｌｌ.)R.WatanabeetIwats.〕HaplohymeniumDoz.etMolk.)、(AnomodonHook.etTayl.)、属〔Herpetineuron(C.M櫣ｌｌ.)Card.〕(Anomodontaceae)是合理的;小羽藓属(BryohaplocladiumR.WatanabeetIwats.)Claopodium(Lesq.etJam.)RenetCard.〕Leskeaceae)。

不同方法提取三种生态型沙地云杉总DNA的比较

沙地云杉为内蒙古特有树种,干旱适应性强,是我国西部重要造林树种。在长期适应干旱生态条件的过程中沙地云杉形成了紫果型、绿果型和红果型3种生态型。前期研究证明:紫果型沙地云杉有更强的抗旱能力,绿果型抗旱能力弱,红果型处于二者之间,是一个比较典型的过渡类型。本文从分子生物学的角度,详细叙述了沙地云杉总DNA的提取过程、方法,并对已知的植物DNA提取方法作了针对性的改良;对实验过程提取DNA的影响作了分析。为今后针对进行沙地云杉的植物基因研究和生物工程打下基础,对扩大沙地云杉造林面积和西部大开发的生态环境建设具有重要的指导意义。

长白山北坡阔叶红松林和暗针叶林的土壤水分物理性质

对长白山北坡阔叶红松林和暗针叶林的土壤水分物理性质进行了观测和对比分析.结果表明:两种森林类型的土壤容重和各种孔隙度随土壤深度的变化趋势相同,即随着土壤深度的增加,容重和毛管孔隙度逐渐增加,总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度逐渐降低;两种森林类型土壤物理性质的差异比较明显,阔叶红松林0～100cm土层的平均土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度分别为1.41g.cm-3、52.31%、46.11%和6.20%,暗针叶林地土壤分别为0.98g.cm-3、50.65%、40.32%和10.33%;阔叶红松林和暗针叶林地土壤100cm土层贮水能力相差较大,分别为619.89和1033.05t.hm-2.两种森林类型的土壤水分特征曲线与一般土壤水分特征曲线相一致.

长白山北坡植物群落复杂性的海拔梯度变化(英文)

应用梯度格局法在长白山北坡海拔700m-2600m的坡面上每100 m海拔设置一样地,共计20块样地,通过对同一群落各样方间的相异性测定,对各海拔植物群落的复杂性进行了分析。结果表明,以主林层乔木种的二元数据计算的结果,除亚高山岳桦林外,其它各海拔群落的样方间均表现出较高的相异性,特别是低海拔的阔叶红松林平均相异系数达0.74,明显高于其它植被类型;暗针叶林各群落间差异不大,相对而言1400 m群落样方间的相异性略高于其它群落,表现出过渡性群落树种组成的复杂性;岳桦林树种组成简单,样[(\267\275\274\344\322\262\261\355\317\326\263\366\275\317\270\337\265\304\\317\340\313\306\320\324\241\243)-0.1(\322\324\271\340\304\276\326\326\265\304\266\376\324\252\312\375\276\335\\274\306\313\343\265\304\310\272)]落内的相异性,虽低海拔的阔叶红松林总体上高于其它群落,但差异趋势并不像乔木种那么明显。以各草本植物与所有植物种的二元数据计算的各海拔群落内样方间的相异性,表现出非常相近的趋势,群落内样方间草本植物及所有植物种均以阔叶红松林及高山冻原差异最大,暗针叶林基本稳定于比较相近的水平。图3表1参8。

Photodissociation dynamics of the methyl radical at 212.5 nm: Effect of parent internal excitation

Photodissociation dynamics of the CH3 radical at 212.5 nm has been investigated using the H atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method with a pure CH3 radical source generated by the photolysis of CH3I at 266 nm. Time-of-flight spectra of the H atom products from the photolysis of both cold and hot methyl radicals have been measured at different photolysis polarizations. Experimental results indicate that the photodissociation of the methyl radical in its ground vibrational state at 212.5 nm excitation occurs on a very fast time scale in comparison with its rotational period, indicating the CH3 dissociation at 212.5 nm occurs on the excited 3s Rydberg state surface. Experimental evidence also shows that the photodissociation of the methyl radical in the nu(2)=1 state of the umbrella mode at 212.5 nm excitation is characteristically different from that in the ground vibrational state. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的克隆与表达

产淀粉酶高温菌在淀粉酶的生产中具有重要意义。从温泉中分离到1株可在60℃快速生长的淀粉酶产生菌A12 ,经16SrDNA序列比较和丙酸盐利用等实验将其鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌。构建了地衣芽孢杆菌A12基因文库,并从中克隆到一个α -淀粉酶基因amyA1,对其进行了测序分析,并在大肠杆菌中实现了表达。本研究为构建一个耐高温淀粉酶生产用工程菌奠定了基础。

The properties and possible transformation path for C12B24N24

The structure and frequencies of C12B24N24 have been calculated by means of an ab initio method. By comparing the average bond energies with C-60, the calculated results predict that the cage C12B24N24 is a stable molecule. The calculated results indicate that the cage molecule C12B24N24 has a relative large HOMO-LUMO energy gap and a low rigidity The structures and stability of six possible isomers of C2B4N4 are used to suggest a possible transformation path from the pentagon CB2N2 to the C12B24N24 materials. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Multiphoton ionization and ab initio calculation studies of pyridine-water mixed clusters using time of flight mass spectrometer

Multiphoton ionization of binary mixed clusters (C5H5N)(x)-(H2O)(y) at 532, 355 and 266 nm laser wavelengths has been investigated using TOF mass spectrometer. The experiments showed that almost all the products were protonated ions, At 532 and 355 nm, the products were mainly protonated pyridine clusters (C5H5N)(n)-H+, while at 266 nm, mixed binary cluster ions (C5H5N)(m)- (H2O)(n)-H+ appeared. It was found that the abundance of the [(C5H5N)(3)-H2O-H](+) ions was abnormally high. The calculation indicated that the ion [(C5H5N)(3)-H2O-H](+) is Of a kind of magic number structures with C-3v symmetry. A stepwise reaction mechanism is suggested that photoionization is followed by dissociation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Stratigraphic Model Predictions of Geoacoustic Properties

Geoacoustic properties of the seabed have a controlling role in the propagation and reverberation of sound in shallow-water environments. Several techniques are available to quantify the important properties but are usually unable to adequately sample the region of interest. In this paper, we explore the potential for obtaining geotechnical properties from a process-based stratigraphic model. Grain-size predictions from the stratigraphic model are combined with two acoustic models to estimate sound speed with distance across the New Jersey continental shelf and with depth below the seabed. Model predictions are compared to two independent sets of data: 1) Surficial sound speeds obtained through direct measurement using in situ compressional wave probes, and 2) sound speed as a function of depth obtained through inversion of seabed reflection measurements. In water depths less than 100 m, the model predictions produce a trend of decreasing grain-size and sound speed with increasing water depth as similarly observed in the measured surficial data. In water depths between 100 and 130 m, the model predictions exhibit an increase in sound speed that was not observed in the measured surficial data. A closer comparison indicates that the grain-sizes predicted for the surficial sediments are generally too small producing sound speeds that are too slow. The predicted sound speeds also tend to be too slow for sediments 0.5-20 m below the seabed in water depths greater than 100 m. However, in water depths less than 100 m, the sound speeds between 0.5-20-m subbottom depth are generally too fast. There are several reasons for the discrepancies including the stratigraphic model was limited to two dimensions, the model was unable to simulate biologic processes responsible for the high sound-speed shell material common in the model area, and incomplete geological records necessary to accurately predict grain-size

Spatial variability in water quality and surface sediment diatom assemblages in a complex lake basin,lake of the woods,ontario,canada

Lake of the Woods (LOW) is an international waterbody spanning the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba, and the U.S. state of Minnesota. In recent years, there has been a perception that water quality has deteriorated in northern regions of the lake, with all increase in the frequency and intensity of toxin-producing cyanobacterial blooms. However, given the lack of long-term data these trends are difficult to verify. As a first step, we examine spatial and seasonal patterns in water quality in this highly complex lake on the Canadian Shield. Further, we examine surface sediment diatom assemblages across multiple sites to determine if they track within-take differences in environmental conditions. Our results show that there are significant spatial patterns in water quality in LOW. Principal Component Analysis divides the lake into three geographic zones based primarily on algal nutrients (i.e., total phosphorus, TP), with the highest concentrations at sites proximal to Rainy River. This variation is closely tracked by sedimentary diatom assemblages, with [TP] explaining 43% of the variation in diatom assemblages across sites. The close correlation between water quality and the surface sediment diatom record indicate that paleoecological models could be used to provide data on the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic sources of nutrients to the lake.