832 resultados para POLUCION DEL SUELO


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El estudio sobre las condiciones de fertilidad y variables de calidad del melón resultan de suma importancia para el mejoramiento de la aptitud y competitividad del producto. El objetivo de esta tesis fue determinar la influencia del contenido de potasio y su efecto sobre relaciones nitrógeno/potasio de la solución de fertilizante sobre la producción, calidad y sanidad de los frutos en dos cultivares de melén (tipo Honey Dew y Cantaloupe)bajo invernáculo y sobre propiedades físico químicas del suelo. Se determinaron propiedades de calidad, sanitarias y se analizaron propiedades relacionadas a la fertilidad de los suelos. El rendimiento y las variables de calidad como: diámetro ecuatorial y polar, sólidos totales y azúcares presentaron en ambos cultivares mayor valor en el tratamiento con mayor contenido de potasio. El grosor de la cáscara no mostró diferencias significativas, al igual que en la resistencia a la presión, como tampoco el color superficial, la longitud de la cavidad central ni el contenido de nitratos en los frutos. Ambos cultivares fueron susceptibles a la inoculación con el Fusarium semitectum, aunque Honey Dew presentó una mayor resistencia a la infección, pero sin diferencias significativas. La mayoría de las variables relacionadas al suelo no se modificaron con los tratamientos de fertilización con excepción del contenido de potasio en cosecha y poscosecha. Este hecho sumado a las relaciones significativas y positivas entre los contenidos de potasio del suelo y variables relacionadas a la calidad y producción del cultivo de melón, sugiere que el efecto de la fertilización se dio fundamentalmente a través de cambios en la disponibilidad de potasio.

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Que justo en medio de la calzada de la Avenue des Martyrs de Douz, en los límites del Sahara tunecino, donde vi un papel que me llamó la atención. Estaba arrugado en una bola y por unos instantes dudé en agacharme a recogerlo. Pero los trazos intermitentes entre las arrugas me resultaban tan familiares que no pude evitar recoger del suelo lo que alguien había tirado, probablemente con rabia. Mi acto implicaría abrir una conversación sobre un tema incómodo y poco natural mientras uno está de vacaciones, toda una verdadera provocación. Sin embargo, no podía dejar escapar una ocasión como aquella. Vivía un fenómeno insólito que superaba los límites de imaginación. Así que me agaché y cogí del suelo aquel lío de papel.

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La descripción más genial de lo que es una escalera se la debemos a Julio Cortázar, en cuyo relato Instrucciones para subir una escalera nos dice: nadie habrá dejado de observar que con frecuencia el suelo se pliega de manera tal que una parte sube en ángulo recto con el plano del suelo, y luego la parte siguiente se coloca paralela a este plano, para dar paso a una nueva perpendicular, conducta que se repite en espiral o en línea quebrada hasta alturas sumamente variables

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During twao years soil and litter pH of 31 permanent plots grown by several rock-rose scrubs (jarales) of Cistion laurifolii at different dynamic stages have been measured. Acidily records show the existence of important seasonal variations and according to a certain rythm. The different syntaxa are characterized as for this ecological factor and the results for these matorrals are compared with other data of heath-scrubs. Adult jaral-phases tend to decrease soil pH when compared with younger dwarf-scrubs-phases, nevertheless upper soil levels generally remain less acidic. Multivariable analysis do not show preference of t he different syntaxa for a certain soil-pH range.

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El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de ofrecer una visión general sobre los Modelos de Desarrollo y Organización Territorial desde la perspectiva de las relaciones entre el medio urbano, “rururbano” y rural, en España. Para ello, tras conocer y valorar los enfoque conceptuales y temáticos, se estudia el crecimiento urbano en nuestro país en las últimas décadas, analizando de manera pormenorizada la importancia que ha cobrado y cobra la aplicación legislativa de leyes, planes y normas, tanto en el propio crecimiento urbano como en la demanda de viviendas en las ciudades españolas y, de igual modo, la vinculación de ambas con el precio de las viviendas, relacionándolo con la problemática de la “rururbanización”, y del medio rural.

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Strong and sometimes extreme responses in runoff and soil erosion following wildfires have been reported worldwide. However, in the case of North-Central Portugal, little research had been carried out regarding the hydrologic and erosive impacts of several land management activities in recently burnt areas (such as ground preparation, post-fire logging or post-fire mitigation treatments). This study aims to assess post-fire runoff and soil erosion response on Eucalypt and Maritime pine plantations during the first, second and third years following wildfires. The effect of several pre-fire ground preparation operations (ploughed down-slope, contour ploughed and inclined terraces), post-fire logging activities (on both the eucalypt and pine plantations), as well as the application of hydromulch (a post-fire emergency treatment) on overland flow and soil erosion were compared to burnt but undisturbed and untreated areas. The intensive monitoring of runoff, soil erosion and selected soil properties served to determine the main factors involved in post-fire runoff and soil erosion and their spatial and temporal variation. Soil water repellency deserved special attention, due to its supposed important role for overland flow generation. Repeated rainfall simulation experiments (RSE’s), micro-scale runoff plots and bounded sediment fences were carried out and/or installed immediately after the wildfire on seven burnt slopes. Micro-scale runoff plots results under natural rainfall conditions were also compared to the RSE’s results, which was useful for assessing the representativeness of the data obtained with artificial rainfall. The results showed comparable runoff coefficient (20-60%) but lower sediment losses (125-1000 g m-2) than prior studies in Portugal, but especially outside Portugal. Lower sediment losses were related with the historic intensive land use in the area. In evaluating these losses, however, the shallowness and stoniness of the soils, as well as the high organic matter fraction of the eroded sediments (50%) must not be overlooked. Sediment limited erosion was measured in all the ploughed sites, probably due to the time since ploughing (several years). The disturbance of the soil surface cover due to post-fire logging and wood extraction substantially increased sediment losses at both the pine and eucalypt sites. Hydromulch effectiveness in reducing the runoff (70%) and sediment losses (83%) was attributed to the protective high coverage provided by hydromulch. The hydromulch significantly affected the soil cover and other soil properties and these changes also reduced the soil erosion risk. The rainfall amount was the main factor explaining the variance in runoff. However, a shift from rainfall amount to rainfall intensity was detected when either the surface cover or the infiltration capacity (hydrophilic conditions) increased. Sediment losses were controlled by rainfall intensity and surface cover. The role of soil water repellency on runoff generation was not consistent; the overall repellency levels alone were not enough to assess its hydrological impact. Soil water repellency explained runoff generation in the specific-sites model better than in the overall model. Additionally, soil moisture content was a better predictor for soil water repellency than antecedent rainfall. The natural rainfall results confirmed that RSE’s were able to capture the specific sediment losses and its organic matter content as well as the differences between the ploughed and unploughed sites. Repeated RSE’s also captured the seasonal variations in runoff and sediment losses attributed to soil water repellency. These results have implications for post-fire soil erosion modelling and soil conservation practices in the region, or areas with the same land use, climate and soil characteristics. The measured sediment loss, as well as the increasing frequency of ploughing in recently burnt and unburnt eucalypt stands, suggests ploughing is not an effective as a soil conservation measure. Logging activities with less impact are recommended in order to maintain the forest litter protecting the soil surface. Due to its high effectiveness in reducing runoff and soil erosion, hydromulch is recommended for highly sensitive and vulnerable areas.

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Trabalho de projeto apresentado ao Instituto Politécnico do Porto para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Gestão das Organizações, Ramo de Gestão de Empresas Orientador: Professor Doutor Orlando Manuel Martins Marques de Lima Rua