Possibilidades de enfoque CTS para o ensino superior de química: proposta de uma abordagem para ácidos e bases

Scientific education has been passing by redefinitions, contestations and new contributions from the research on science teaching. One contribution is the idea of science and technology literacy, allowing the citizens not only knowing science but also understand aspects on the construction and motivation of scientific and technological research. In accordance with this idea, there is the Science-Technology-Society (STS) studies which, since the 1970s, has been contributing for science teaching and learning according to the comprehension of the relationships with society in the Western countries of the North. In Brazil, this approach began to gain projection from the 1990s when the first essays on the theme were published. Currently, there is a clear influence of this approach on the national curriculum guidelines, especially for the area of Natural Sciences, and also on the textbooks chosen by the High School National Program (Programa Nacional do Ensino Médio). However, there seems to be a gap in relation to the discussion on the specific curricular component seen in college on this approach. Thus, this study aims at adopting the approach STS, face to the preparation of complimentary educational material on acid and bases concepts studied in the course of General Chemistry of the Natural Sciences graduation program. To this end, it was performed a bibliographical research aiming at making the state-of-the-art in in these concepts in specific literature to science teaching. It is divided in two stages: systematic study (with sixteen journals chosen according to Qualis-Capes and an unsystematic study with direct search in databases and references in the papers of the systematic study. The studies had their content analyzed and the categories chosen a priori were the level of education, the acid-base theory adopted, and the strategy/theoretical frame of reference adopted. A second stage aimed at identifying attitudes and beliefs on STS (Science-Technology-Society) and CSE (Chemistry-Society-Environment) of students in the teacher and technologist training course in three diferent institutions: UTFPR, UFRN and IFRN. In this study, it was used two questionnaires, composed of a Likert scale, semantic differential scale and open questions. The quantitative data reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha method, and tha data were treated according to classic statistics, using the mean as the centrality measures, and the mean deviation as dispersion. The qualitative data were treated according to the content analysis with categories taken from the reading of answers. In the third stage, it was analyzed the presence of STS and CSE content in chapters on acid and bases concepts of nine General Chemistry textbooks, frequently used in graduation programs in public institutions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The results showed that there are few proposals of acid and bases teaching, and they are generally aimed at High School or at instrumentation for teaching courses, and no course for General Chemistry. The student’s attitudes and beliefs show the presence of a positivist point of view based on the concept of Science and Technology neutrality and the salvation of its mediation. The books analysis showed just a few content on STS and CSE are found in the studied chapters, and they are generally presented disjointedly in relation to the rest of the main text. In the end, as suggestion to solve the absence of proposals STS in General Chemistry books, as well as the student’s positivist attitudes, it was developed some educational material to be used in the course of General Chemistry at College. The material is structured to introduce a historical view of the concepts preparation, present the use of materials, the industrial and technological processes, and social and environmental consequences of this activities

Concepções de formação profissional técnica de nível médio adotadas pelo IFRN: especificidades e (des)continuidades

The thesis deals with the concepts of technical tra ining of middle level adopted by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of R io Grande do Norte (IFRN). Discusses these concepts from the four political-pedagogical projects built in the period 1970 to 2010, spanning three institutionalities: Federal Technica l School of Rio Grande do Norte (1970- 1998), Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte (1999-2008) and IFRN (from 2008) as well as three important politic al contexts of the country: Civil-Military Dictatorship, New Republic and Period of neoliberal ideas in Brazil. The goal is to analyze the configuration of the conceptions of training adopte d in the political-pedagogical projects IFRN, with emphasis on the specificities and (dis) contin uities, placing them in the context of political, economic and educational change in development in t he country. Addresses the relationship work, education and human development in capitalist society, in order to grasp the concept of employee training engendered by that company as wel l as the possibility of a counter- hegemonic formation. We analyze the formation of mi d-level concepts outlined in the educational reforms implemented in the country. We investigate the concepts of training outlined in the political-pedagogical projects IFRN . Makes use of the historical-dialectical materialism, the literature review, the documentary research and interviews were conducted with subjects who participated in the working group coordinator of the drafting of the political- institutional educational projects. The results sho w that the training of workers in capitalist society has a unilateral character; that the traini ng required by the working class is the omnilateral training; that the formative ideas that permeated the educational reforms in the country between 1970 and 2010 were all envisaged by unilateral training; that, in certain contexts, conceptions of technical training medium level outlined in the political-pedagogical projects IFRN reflect the formative perspectives th at guide educational reforms in the country (unilateral training) and, at other times, the inst itution adopts concepts (training omnilateral) that are not consistent with such prospects; and th at between the political-pedagogical projects built from 1970 to 2010 there are more continuities than breaks in relation to the concepts of training adopted. We conclude that the challenge is to institutionalize the IFRN their educational actions omnilateral designing training undertaken in the political-pedagogical project 2009.

Construção e avaliação de uma unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa para o conteúdo de termoquímica

Nos dias atuais, oferecer uma educação para o exercício da cidadania é função primordial das políticas públicas educacionais, conforme estabelece a constituição brasileira e a legislação de ensino. Essa função vem sendo defendida por muitos professores no Ensino Médio, atribuindo-se a disciplina de Química o papel de proporcionar um ensino crítico, participativo, reflexivo e humano. Segundo os documentos oficiais brasileiros para o Ensino de Química, o estudo do conceito de energia deve favorecer o desenvolvimento de competências para que o aluno compreenda a produção e o seu uso em diferentes fenômenos e possam interpretá-los de acordo com modelos explicativos, além de saber avaliar e julgar os benefícios e riscos da produção e do uso de diferentes formas de energia nos sistemas naturais construídos pelo homem, articulando com outras áreas de conhecimento na procura de promover a interdisciplinaridade. As unidades de ensino potencialmente significativas (UEPS), tomam como base um conjunto de teorias de aprendizagem que tem o intuito de promover um ensino com base na aprendizagem significativa e podem ajudar os estudantes nas diferentes relações que um conceito pode ter. Neste sentido, o estudo do conceito da energia a partir do trabalho com UEPS, pode ser uma importante proposta que favorece um ensino de Química na perspectiva construtivista. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é construir e avaliar uma proposta didática para o conteúdo de termoquímica na perspectiva das unidades de ensino potencialmente significativas de Moreira com alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública do Município de Campina Grande-PB. Inicialmente a UEPS foi avaliada por 22 professores em formação inicial de duas instituições públicas de ensino superior. Em seguida, ela foi aplicada para 15 alunos do 2° ano da Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio Prof. Raul Córdula, localizada na cidade de Campina Grande-PB. A coleta dos dados para os professores em formação inicial teve como base um instrumento de validação de elaboração de unidades didáticas baseada na Engenharia Didática proposta por Artigue (1996 apud Guimarães e Giordan, 2011). Já para os alunos do ensino médio, os dados foram coletados no decorrer da UEPS e a avaliação final sobre a proposta didática ocorreu através de um questionário tomando como base a escala de Likert e o uso de mapas conceituais. Para a descrição dos dados, foram utilizados os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Como produto educacional foi elaborado a Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa e um DVD contendo orientações de como trabalhar com a proposta. Os resultados deste trabalho apontam uma avaliação positiva quanto à proposta de ensino elaborada para a Educação Básica, onde se observa através do instrumento de validação aplicado, que a maioria das respostas atribuídas pelos professores, ficou entre os itens suficiente e mais que suficiente. Em relação aos momentos de aprendizagem dos alunos do Ensino Médio durante a aplicação da UEPS, foi possível observar que a proposta gerou motivação no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos da termoquímica, como também se percebe que os mapas conceituais apresentados pelos alunos apresentaram mais proposições conceituais em uma segunda tentativa de elaboração, logo a proposta de ensino foi aprovada por mais de 90 % dos estudantes do nível médio. Portanto fica evidente que a proposta didática contribuiu no processo de ensino aprendizagem, despertando interesse e motivação nos estudantes pelo conteúdo de Termoquímica.

Dificuldades de aprendizagem do conteúdo de soluções: proposta de ensino contextualizada

The study of solutions is considered very important to chemist’s education because most of the chemical reactions occur in aqueous medium, being also required to understand other subject such as chemical changes, electrochemical and chemical balance. Nevertheless, it is noticed that many students indicate learning difficulties related to the content of solutions, how to pass among the macro-submicroscopic knowledge levels, and how to solve quantitative problems that demanding the establishment of a stoichiometric ratios. This thesis defended considers the use of contextualized teaching strategies about some subject associated to the study of solution, can foster student learning through reflection and understanding of their own difficulties, besides to provide motivation and active participation. The target group is formed by students of the undergraduate distance education with major in chemistry education of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), and they were chosen because this education system is expanding and its learning difficulties publications number is reduced as well. Thus, the first methodological stage was to identify the student’s main learning difficulties associated to the study of solutions through literature sources. Next, using an adapted script of the Plano Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM, Textbook National Plan for High School), the approach of the content of solutions printed in educational materials used by the target group was analyzed. Afterward, a teaching unit was planned in the last methodological stage and, finally, a new teaching unite was given with a sequence of contextualized activities such as video presentation, dialogued lecture, questionnaires application, exercises, and an experiment, where the target group’s main difficulties related to learning of solution were identified. The participants of the teaching unit activities had some learning difficulties in understand concepts of compound, ion, charge, entropy and solubility, as well as to identify the ion charge, interpret statements, decode tables, use the chemical language, perform mathematical calculations and use concentration units, similar results raised in the literature sources. In order to work on these difficulties, these students were encouraged to expose, question and test their ideas about the phenomenon under study, allowing learn from their mistakes and reflect on the organization strategy of scientific explanatory models they use. Therefore, activities and information about learning difficulties presented in this thesis need to be critical reflection object, because it can help both students in the process of acquiring knowledge about the content of solutions and professors in the planning of their lessons.

Utilização de mapas conceituais como ferramenta de ensino para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio clínico no curso de medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

BACKGROUND: Among the wide range of skills displayed by a medical doctor is undoubtedly the need to use cohesive and well grounded clinical reasoning in order for medical care to be indeed effective. It is in this respect that conceptual maps emerge; these are a methodological innovation that allows a comprehensive, panoramic and associative outlook of theoretical content, making it more practical and applicable to the reality of clinical observation. Promoting learning, learning resources and a feedback system between professor and students, as well as assessing and monitoring the performance of students during their academic training, are the main features of this tool. OBJETIVE: Assess the use of conceptual maps as a teaching-learning tool in the training of undergraduate medical students at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). METHODOLOGY: Interventional, randomized, cross-sectional study conducted with students from the 3rd and 5th periods of the medical course at UFRN, during the second semester of 2014, totaling 86 participants, divided into two groups: GI (intervention – clinical case resolution with a conceptual map) and GII (control – clinical case resolution without a conceptual map) in each period. RESULTS: The use of conceptual maps to teach liver failure syndrome resulted in a statistically significant cognitive gain for G1 students from the 5th period (GI: 6.8±1.6 and 8.0±1.5, p = 0.024; GII: 7.2±2.1 and 8.0±1.7, p = 0.125, pre and post-intermediate means, respectively), a result not observed in the period 3rd (GI: 7.7±1.3 and 8.0±1.4, p = 0.501; GII: 6.7±1.8 and 7.8±1.8; p=0.068, pre and post-intermediate means, respectively). Students in the 3 rd period gave better responses to the first clinical case, with a larger number of suitable concepts and crosslinks, when they used conceptual maps (GI: 91.3±13.15 and GII: 64.84±22.84, p=0,002). Students in the 5th period exhibited better clinical reasoning and more complete responses using the tool (p=0,01). Most of the students were not aware of the tool (53.8% from the 3rd period and 65.3% from the 5th period). Among those who knew about conceptual maps, most (59.3%) had only used them during high school, 14.8% had never used them and only seven students (25.9%) used them during the medical course. Analysis of open responses, obtained in process assessment showed clear satisfaction and enthusiasm with learning about the new tool, and frequent suggestions to use it at other moments in the course. Assessment of learning profile, using the VARK questionnaire, showed that most students from both periods exhibited a multimodal style. CONCLUSION: Despite their scant knowledge regarding the tool, good acceptability and understanding was observed in the study participants. The conceptual maps allowed cognitive gains, better responses and clinical reasoning in teaching liver failure syndrome to 5th period students.

Sequências de Fibonacci e a Razão Áurea - aplicações no ensino básico

This thesis aims to present a study of the Fibonacci sequence, initiated from a simple problem of rabbits breeding and the Golden Ratio, which originated from a geometrical construction, for applications in basic education. The main idea of the thesis is to present historical records of the occurrence of these concepts in nature and science and their influence on social, cultural and scientific environments. Also, it will be presented the identification and the characterization of the basic properties of these concepts and howthe connection between them occurs,and mainly, their intriguing consequences. It is also shown some activities emphasizing geometric constructions, links to other mathematics areas, curiosities related to these concepts and the analysis of questions present in vestibular (SAT-Scholastic Aptitude Test) and Enem(national high school Exam) in order to show the importance of these themes in basic education, constituting an excellent opportunity to awaken the students to new points of view in the field of science and life, from the presented subject and to promote new ways of thinking mathematics as a transformative science of society.

Análise das LER/DORT notificadas no Rio Grande do Norte de 2010 a 2014

The increasing prevalence of Repetitive Strain Injury / Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (RSI / MSDs) has been explained by changes in the work that has been characterized by setting goals and productivity. This fact does not take into account the psycho-physiological characteristics of workers who become ill as a result of professional activities engaged in and also the adverse conditions in which his work was done. This study aimed to analyze the RSI / MSDs reported in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2010-2014 compared to the profile of the population, epidemiological aspects and features of these diseases. It is a descriptive epidemiological cross-sectional study using secondary data obtained in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in May 2015 was used as the area covered by the Rio Grande do Norte. Data were collected regarding the grievances of work-related RSI / MSDs, assigned by the Worker's Health Reference Center (CEREST) of the State Health Department. Data were processed with the help of Microsoft Excel® 2013 and presented in tables in absolute frequency (n) and relative frequency (%). The results showed a total of 403 notifications of RSI / MSDs, where the vast majority 72% (290) was recorded in Natal. Regarding the profile of notified employees, 88.59% (357) have aged between 25 and 54 years, 62.78% (253) were female, and in relation to education, 31.51% (127) had high school complete. The most affected occupations were seamstresses (the clothing industry) with 24.97% (97), followed by masons, construction with 3.23% (13) and cashiers with 2.99% (12). About the work situation, 75.93% (306) had a formal contract, however, were sent to Communications Occupational accidents (CAT) only 67% (270) of the cases. Regarding the signs and symptoms, pain and limitation of movement were the most mentioned respectively with 98.01% (395) and 95.04% (383) of notifications. Notifications, 94.29% (380) showed exposure to repetitive movements in their workplace. The most frequent specific diagnoses were synovitis and tenosynovitis (CID F 65), with 30.02% (121) of notifications, followed by back pain (CID F 54) to 19.35% (78) and shoulder injuries (ICD M 75) with 15.88% (64). They were away from work 81.64% (329) of workers reported with RSI / MSDs. Evolution more prevalent among cases was temporary disability with 75.68% (305). It was concluded that the SINAN is a database of potential to characterize the profile of RSI / MSDs, requiring, however, an improvement in the coverage of records and data quality. In addition, this study reflects the need to implement protection strategies to workers by companies, signaling promotion, prevention and rehabilitation aimed at reducing these injuries and the improvement of occupational health indicators in Rio Grande do Norte.

Uma proposta para o ensino das estações do ano com base em um referencial topocêntrico

Studies carried out in several countries have confirmed the students’ difficulty in explaining the causes of the seasons of the year, and most of times their learning takes place incorrectly. The seasons of the year have been generally treated in didactic books apart from people´s routine, based on the heliocentric system, what demands abstraction to understand the phenomenon. Before this difficulty, it is necessary to think about a teaching proposal which allows the students to realize the environmental characteristics and its changes over time, as well as the seasons themselves. Thus, our goal was to work from the perspective of the observer on the terrestrial surface, therefore using the topocentric system. For that, we constructed a didactic sequence, grounded in Ausubel´s meaningful learning theory (2003) and in Moreira´s critical meaningful learning theory (2010), which was applied to students in 9th grade of elementary school and in 2th grade of high school at Escola Estadual Jerônimo Arantes, in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, owing to their previous knowledge and alternative conceptions, which were collected via interviews. Afterwards, to evaluate the applied methodology, we made new interviews, by which we realized improvement in learning in relation to the characteristics of the seasons based on Sun´s apparent path, which we attribute to reference the change of observation and the means to obtain data on the volume of rainfall and average temperature in the city throughout the year. On the other hand, there are points that were not highlighted in learning, such as the link between winter and rainy season and the causes of the seasons, points left to be discussed in future investigations.

As escolas polivalentes do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba (MG): sondagem vocacional no projeto desenvolvimentista civil-militar (1965–1976)

This study has as object eight state vocational schools located in Araguari, Araxá, Frutal, Ituiutaba, Monte Carmelo, Patos de Minas, Uberaba and Uberlândia, in Minas Gerais. The period analyzed comprises the years from 1965 to 1976, from the signature of the Agreement 512-11-610-042 beteween the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) and the American Agency for International Development (USAID), which started a series of other agreements, and actions ending up with the creation of the Expansion and Improvement of High Schools Program (Programa de Expansão e Melhoria do Ensino Médio - PREMEM) and, from this, the Vocational Schools. The upper limit of the study, 1976, was the year when these agreements, known as MEC/USAID agreements ceased. The Vocational Schools were characterized as vocation probing schools, directing the professional formation of the population in general, which would happen a posteriori, turning it shorter and more effective, since the labor market would demand, urgently, capable professionals for an expanding economy. The project of Vocational Schools had a national scope, and foresaw, for its unfolding, the complete substitution of State Schools for the new model, called “multi-curricula”. The theme Vocational schools was the object of my Master’s degree study, when I focused the State School Guiomar de Freitas Costa, in Uberlândia. That study raised questionings and concerns that resulted in the central problem of the thesis presented here: understanding the measure in which such schools integrated the country’s development project – mostly in the first half of the military rule – and to understand its structure, functionality and efficacyThe development of the study presented here, demanded the use of several sources: 1) specialized literature about the topics presented, i.e., the situation of national education in a temporal analysis, the political, economical and social context, research methodologies, the theory of human capital, vocational teaching, pedagogical trends and practices, agreements MEC-USAID and PREMEM; 2) national, state and county laws related to the discussion: laws of national education directives and basis, decrees and reports stating about the program of technical cooperation between Brazil and the United States of America, the Program of Expansion and Improvement of Teaching (PREMEM), formation of professors, establishment of Vocational Schools and educational planning; 3) documentation of school archives: books of minutes of Collegiate and of faculty and staff, registrar books with final scores, enrolment, visits of inspector, accounting books, punch clock records, student, professor and staff occurrences, inventory, class schedules, school year calendar, school rules, class reports, payment rolls, bills of sales, exchanged mail, personal documentation of professional personnel, documents of land acquisition, blueprints, manuals of PREMEM, didactic materials/resources used in classes, books available in the school library, structured evaluations for follow-up of school processes, pictures of events, texts prepared for special dates, and news from the official newspaper and, finally, 4) national and local press reports, especially from Folha de São Paulo, Correio de Araxá, Correio de Uberlândia and Lavoura e Comércio (Uberaba). The proposition of Vocational schools was conciliate theoretical and practical formation through an active education permeated by technological resources. The contact with knowledge and several practical activities under professional supervision, the student would identify the knowledge area that would interest him the most and his aptitude. This formation in primary school would make way for the vocation studies in high school, which became mandatory by the law 5.692/71, that reformed school education from the previous levels of elementary, middle high and high school. However, the multi-curricula proposal that would be spread to the other public schools in the country ended up succumbing to the model already established. From its ephemeral existence, maybe the Vocational Schools have not reached the more general goals in political, economic and social aspects; however, this study demonstrated that, for the people that, directly or indirectly, had contact with such schools, a legacy of vocational and quality teaching was made, so much so, that forty years after the end of that proposal, they are still remembered.

Sequência didática com temas motivadores no ensino de física

This study is based on the design and development of a Didactic sequence in Physics for the first year of high school in a public school, involving structured activities on Astronomy topics, Astronautics and Aeronautics. In addition, it produced a didactic-pedagogic Tutorial for teachers to develop teaching-learning processes in Physics through activities with handmade rockets. These activities have been based on teaching moments of questioning, systematization and contextualization. In this context the understanding and the deepening of concepts and scientific and physical phenomena are related to everyday knowledge, in accordance with the historical-cultural theory, with the Three Pedagogic Moments, dialogicity and Information and Communication Technologies as instruments of triggering actions and motivation, like movies and applications in teaching Astronomy, Physics and Mathematics. The research activities were conduced by adopting a qualitative approach and included reports, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and other notes. The development of the Didactic Sequence enabled a differentiated teaching and learning process, including aspects such as conceptualization, contextualization, flexibility, interdisciplinary and theoreticalexperimental relationship.

Uma proposta para o ensino das estações do ano com base em um referencial topocêntrico

Studies carried out in several countries have confirmed the students’ difficulty in explaining the causes of the seasons of the year, and most of times their learning takes place incorrectly. The seasons of the year have been generally treated in didactic books apart from people´s routine, based on the heliocentric system, what demands abstraction to understand the phenomenon. Before this difficulty, it is necessary to think about a teaching proposal which allows the students to realize the environmental characteristics and its changes over time, as well as the seasons themselves. Thus, our goal was to work from the perspective of the observer on the terrestrial surface, therefore using the topocentric system. For that, we constructed a didactic sequence, grounded in Ausubel´s meaningful learning theory (2003) and in Moreira´s critical meaningful learning theory (2010), which was applied to students in 9th grade of elementary school and in 2th grade of high school at Escola Estadual Jerônimo Arantes, in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, owing to their previous knowledge and alternative conceptions, which were collected via interviews. Afterwards, to evaluate the applied methodology, we made new interviews, by which we realized improvement in learning in relation to the characteristics of the seasons based on Sun´s apparent path, which we attribute to reference the change of observation and the means to obtain data on the volume of rainfall and average temperature in the city throughout the year. On the other hand, there are points that were not highlighted in learning, such as the link between winter and rainy season and the causes of the seasons, points left to be discussed in future investigations.

O (des)ajuste entre a oferta e demanda de mão de obra qualificada na região do Grande ABC Paulista: subsídios para estratégias de desenvolvimento local

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração - Mestrado da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Administração.

Concepções de licenciandas em pedagogia sobre o ensino de ciências nos ciclos I e II da educação básica

O conteúdo de ciências no Ensino Fundamental dos ciclos I e II é ministrado por um professor polivalente com formação em Pedagogia. Sua formação deve possibilitar uma visão global do fenômeno educativo, o que implica a construção de conhecimentos múltiplos e contextualizados, porém com pouco aprofundamento. Este trabalho objetiva identificar as opiniões e dificuldades de licenciandos de Pedagogia a respeito dos conteúdos de Ciências nos dois primeiros ciclos do Ensino Fundamental, mediado por dois questionamentos: Com relação aos conteúdos de ciências ministrados no I e II ciclos, você os considera fácil ou difícil? Sendo solicitado que justificasse sua resposta; De acordo com seus conhecimentos sobre ciências, cite as principais dificuldades que você teria (tem/teve) em ensinar ciências nos ciclos I e II. Participaram do estudo 29 licenciandas da turma de Ensino das Ciências Naturais II do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Com relação ao questionamento referente à consideração dos conteúdos de ciências, 52% das licenciandas consideraram fácil, 31% difícil e 17% não responderam a questão. Foram identificadas três categorias de respostas: processo de elaboração do planejamento (20,5% fácil e 20,5% difícil), nível de conhecimento dos alunos (7% fácil e 0% difícil) e natureza dos conteúdos abordados (14% fácil e 10,5% difícil). Foram classificadas três categorias distintas em relação às dificuldades em ensinar ciências: natureza dos conteúdos abordados (50%), aspectos metodológicos (25%), e conhecimento básico (25%). A análise dos resultados revelou que a principal dificuldade das licenciandas em Pedagogia quanto à aplicabilidade do ensino de ciências nos primeiros ciclos do Ensino Fundamental esta diretamente relacionada à falta de conhecimento básico destes conteúdos, que somente foram estudados por elas no Ensino Básico, indicando a necessidade de incorporação de abordagens de conteúdos de ciências no currículo do curso de Pedagogia.

A dicionarização de termos em língua brasileira de sinais (Libras) para o ensino de biologia: uma atitude empreendedora

Acompanha: Glossário de termos biológicos em língua brasileira de sinais (GBLI)

Situações-problema no ensino de matemática financeira

O presente trabalho descreve uma proposta de atividade educacional direcionada para professores de Matemática, envolvendo situações-problema no ensino de Matemática Financeira para ser aplicado com alunos do Ensino Médio. Tais atividades tem como objetivo fornecer um contexto real, no qual o estudante esteja inserido. O trabalho se divide em quatro partes: a introdução de uma situaçãoproblema envolvendo juros simples, o conhecimento matemático, a resolução da situação-problema e a proposta de atividade educacional. Diferenciando-se do que usualmente é encontrado nos livros didáticos, a proposta aqui apresentada propõe estudar conteúdos matemáticos de forma articulada, envolvendo o conceito de porcentagem vinculado com funções lineares e juros simples com função afim e progressão aritmética. Dessa forma, é apresentada uma sequência de aulas envolvendo situações-problema através de atividades, adequadas para os alunos.