Report 1942 to 1945.

Memoir describes the personal experience of Coen Rood during the Holocaust from 1942 to 1945. The report was written from 1945 to 1949 for the War Documentation Center in Amsterdam.

My Family Biography.

Memoir in four volumes, richly illustrated with photographs, drawings, correspondence, genealogical tables, and newspaper clippings.

American Jewish Committee. Office of Jewish War Records, undated, 1918-1921, 1962.

The records consist of documentation of the American Jewish Committee's project to describe Jewish participation in the United States Armed Forces during World War I. The bulk of the material consists of questionnaires that the AJC sent to servicemen to determine Jewish identity, which contain information on personal identification and details of military service. Responses to the questionnaire come from both Jews and non-Jews. In addition, the collection contains office papers concerning the project and a ledger of manuscripts. The manuscripts document the distribution of records the Office of Jewish War Records collected, as well as list Jews who died or were given military honors.

Julius Streicher Collection 1945

Documents and books pertaining to Julius Streicher

Ashe-Eschwege collection 1941-1942

Letters and postcards from Theresienstadt and Cholm

Suomi ja Euroopan kirkollinen jälleenrakentaminen 1945-1948

The international aid that the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland received between 1945 and 1948 is the topic of this historical study, in which the process of reconstruction of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is examined in a European context. The key questions are related not only to the achievements of the reconstruction programs but also to the purposes and objectives of the donating churches. The study pays particular attention to the changes in the ecclesiastical, political and economic fields after the Second World War and asks how the tense political atmosphere of a divided world affected the reconstruction programs of the churches. It is possible to distinguish three periods within the European church reconstruction process. To begin with, the year 1945 was, in general, the year of organization. Many churches had started planning reconstruction work already during the war, but only after the conflict in Europe had ceased did they have a chance to renew contacts, assess the damage and begin operations. The years 1946 and 1947 were the main years of the work. Large reconstruction organizations from American churches donated money, food, clothes and vitamins worth millions of dollars to the European churches. The work started to diminish as early as 1948, partly because Marshall Plan aid and the rising standard of living had reduced the need for material assistance in many countries and partly because other problems overshadowed the reconstruction work of the World Council of Churches: for example, most WCC resources at this time were directed to refugee programs and to Third World churhces. The most important donors from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland's point of view were the American Section of the Lutheran World Federation, the World Council of Churches and the Churches of Denmark, Sweden and England. The amount of money and value of goods received by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland totaled approximately 2.5 million dollars, from which about 60 per cent came from the Lutheran churches of America. The importance of the Lutheran World Federation was even greater because of the productive financial arrangements that increased the American Lutheran funds. In addition the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland imported hundreds of tons of tax-free coffee and sold this to Finns. The money gained was used mostly to rebuild destroyed church buildings and to support the work of different ecclesiastical organizations. Smaller amounts were used for scholarship programs, youth work, and supporting sick and disabled church workers.

Kriegs-Tagebuch 1914-1917

World War I diary of the physician Nathan Wolf

Fra jungledyr og cykelmyg til frysepunkt og længsel efter kærlighed Et strejftog gennem dansk litteratur på finsk efter 1945

Abstract (A journey through Danish literature translated into Finnish after 1945): Nearly 80 per cent of all literary translations from Danish into Finnish are done after the Second World War. These translations are obviously only a small selection of the Danish national literature, but nevertheless capture important trends and currents in it. Based on a selection of translated works, the article allows a broad introduction to Danish literature available in Finnish. It focuses on children's and youth literature, feminist literature and realistic, magic and civilization critical novels.

Hiippakunta diakoniatyön tekijänä ja tukijana : Diakoniatyön kehitys Mikkelin hiippakunnassa 1945-1991

ABSTRACT The diocese as the agent and advocate of diaconial work. The development of diaconial work in the Mikkeli diocese 1945–1991. The roots of Finnish diacony are in the individual devotional life of Pietism. An acting faith had to be evident in acts of love. Following German institutional diacony, diaconial institutions were established in Finland until congregational diacony emerged alongside these institutions in the 1890s. Pastor Otto Aarnisalo acted as a pathfinder in this. He aimed to unite diacony with the Church and the life of the congregation. Diacony had been based on the idea of volunteering to separate it from statutory social work. In 1944 the church law was amended, which made diacony the concern of every member of the congregation. In the years immediately following the Second World War, discussion took place in the Church of Finland about the direction that diacony should take. In the consequential debate, caritative services overcame social diacony. The diocese administration moved to Mikkeli in 1945, when the majority of the Vyborg diocese became part of the USSR in the armistice negotiations. The Mikkeli diocese acted in its diaconial work with the same objectives as the diaconial solutions of the whole church. The acting principle of the diocese diacony became a form of helping which emphasised assistance of the individual. Especially from the 1960s onwards, the country's industrialisation and the reduction of agricultural trade had an effect on the Mikkeli diocese. The diocese administration, specifically Bishop Martti Simojoki and his successor Osmo Alaja, aimed to open up connections to the political left and people working in industry. At least indirectly this helped the diaconial work in industrial localities. In the Mikkeli diocese, a diaconial committee was established in 1971, and its work was overseen by the diocesan chapter of the bishop's office. This enabled the work of the diocese to be organised for the different areas of diacony. Previously, the diaconial work of the Finnish church had primarily been in nursing. The Health Insurance Law of 1972 brought a change to this when the responsibility for health services was transferred to the municipalities. Diacony began to move towards a psychological and spiritual emphasis. Beginning in the 1970s, the diocese started holding diaconial themed days at prescribed intervals. Although these did not result in great realignments, they did help clarify the direction that diacony would take. Large international collections were also carried out, especially in the 1980s. At the same time, socio-ethical activity vitalised and diversified Christian services. The idea that every member of the congregation should practice diacony was a strong factor in the Mikkeli diocese as well. The diocese's vision for diacony was holistic; Christian service was the responsibility of every member of the congregation. During the period of study (1945–1991), the theology of diacony was rather tenuous. Bishop Kalevi Toiviainen, however, brought forth the viewpoint of church doctrine and officially sanctioned theology. Diacony was part of the complete faith of the Church.

Uutta, vanhaa ja lainattua : Tampereen Kaupunkilähetyksen kristillissosiaalisen työn asemoituminen hyvinvointivaltion rakentumisessa vuosina 1939−1973

The main purpose of this study was to provide a full account of the Christian social work carried out at the Tampere City Mission (TCM) as well as the Missions sphere of operations from the Second World War to the early 1970s, comprising a period of significant change. The study consists of charting the processes of change and connections within the activities of the TCM and how examining these were linked to the general tendencies of the period, in lay work, social work, professionalization and the representation of gender. The positioning of the activities is described on the basis of these tendencies. The main sources for the study were the archives of the Mission, for example the minutes of meetings, correspondences as well as annual reports, and the archives of its partners, such as the City of Tampere, the Evangelical Lutheran parishes of Tampere and the State Welfare Administration. The archives of the Helsinki, Turku and Stockholm Missions supplied comparison reference and other material. In particular, social welfare and Christian social work technical journals of were used as printed sources. The principal method used was the genetic method of historiology. The research subject was also evaluated from the point of view of third sector research in addition to that of professionalization studies and gender studies. By the beginning of the research period, the TCM had turned more and more dedicatedly into a multipurpose social service organization maintaining social services such as old people s homes and children´s homes. This development continued, even though new areas of activity emerged and older ones fell into disuse. Social innovations sprang up, marriage counseling being one of them. On the national level, the TCM pioneered the provision of sheltered industrial work for intellectually disabled persons as well as housing services for them. As new activities were initiated, they overlapped with the established ones, and the TCM handed some of its child protection functions over to the municipality, in accordance with the current adaptation theory. The use of its own property to produce ever-changing social services may be the reason why the association s work continued on with vitality. Functional networks and political aid in the field of social services also bolstered the association. As in other Nordic countries, nonprofit organizations served as partners rather than competitors, with the State establishing institutional welfare arrangements. In the 1960s the municipal takeover of social services impacted the TCM activities. Rules for government subsidies and municipal allowances were not well established; hence these funds were not easily available, making improvements difficult. The TCM was a community in which women had a relatively strong position and an opportunity to make a difference. Female staff were reasonably equal to men, and women worked as heads of a several institutions. Care work employed a number of men, which went against the traditional segregation of labour between the sexes. The TCM s operations were from early on very professionalized, and were developed with particular care. Keywords: Christian social work, third sector, professionalization, gender

O elo entre o pensamento e a ação em Marc Bloch: um estudo sobre o nacionalismo e a experiência da Segunda Guerra Mundial

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a força e os limites do nacionalismo na trajetória de Marc Bloch. A partir da problematização de sua memória post-mortem, construída por seus amigos e familiares, procura-se entender como a imagem de Bloch se consagrou na França como a de alguém que sacrificou sua vida em nome desta comunidade imaginada. A partir daí, busca-se compreender que elementos de sua trajetória foram responsáveis por dar espaço a essa construção. É aí que se apresentam as múltiplas identidades de Marc Bloch soldado, judeu, resistente, historiador, cidadão. Por fim, buscar-se-á, a partir da análise de seu livro Létrange défaite, analisar como o próprio historiador construiu a imagem de si mesmo e da França de sua época.

Construção do pensamento autoritário anticomunista no Exército brasileiro nas páginas da revista Nação Armada (1939-1947)

Através da análise da revista Nação Armada, publicação de caráter civil-militar dedicada a Segurança Nacional, publicada pelo Exército brasileiro entre 1939 e 1947, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender o processo de construção de um pensamento autoritário e anticomunista no Exército brasileiro neste período, e medir a contribuição do periódico Nação Armada neste processo. Utilizando a Nação Armada como fio condutor, procuramos remontar as formas de pensamento dos homens da época, tendo o mesmo cuidado em analisar conceitos como o de autoritarismo. Metodologicamente, adotamos primeiramente uma abordagem hermenêutica, quando todos os dados relacionados à publicação da Nação Armada (editores, tiragem, formato, autores, artigos, etc.), foram exaustivamente levantados e organizados, e em seguida passamos a uma abordagem heurística, quando passamos à crítica interna do conteúdo da Nação Armada, analisando os conceitos e discursos mais recorrentes. Contextualizamos nossa circunscrição temporal e temática à Era Vargas, e ao momento internacional. Trouxemos à discussão fatos históricos pontuais e locais, cronologicamente anteriores à publicação de Nação Armada, como a Intentona Comunista de 1935, bem como processos mais abrangentes e internacionais como a crise do sistema político liberal, a Segunda Guerra Mundial e o comunismo. Autores como Azevedo Amaral, Francisco Campos e Oliveira Vianna nos forneceram um arcabouço primordial para o entendimento de uma ideologia autoritária no Brasil na primeira metade do século XX. Dentre as várias ramificações que o presente trabalho apresentou, em virtude de período tão rico e transformador da história nacional e mundial, adotamos uma hipótese principal, que vai ao sentido de um processo contínuo de elaboração de ideário anticomunista e autoritário no Exército brasileiro através de construções simbólicas, e de tradições inventadas.

España neutral: el impacto económico de las dos guerras mundiales (1914-1945)

Durante las dos grandes guerras mundiales España adoptó una posición de no beligerancia que conllevaría a unas consecuencias y un impacto muy diferente para la economía española en uno y en otro conflicto. Por un lado España se presenta ante la Primera Guerra Mundial como una economía totalmente atrasada y agraria, mientras que con el estallido del conflicto supo aprovechar las necesidades del momento, permitiendo de esta manera un fuerte enriquecimiento. Por otro lado, en la Segunda Guerra Mundial España se encontraba totalmente destruida y con una fuerte inestabilidad, lo cual supuso que junto con las medidas autárquicas de la dictadura conllevaran a un periodo de penuria. IDIOMA: CASTELLANO

A hora da juventude: a mobilização dos jovens no Estado Novo (1940-1945)

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal estudar a entidade pública denominada Juventude Brasileira, existente durante o Estado Novo. Nela se inclui entender o papel emprestado aos jovens pelo governo ditatorial de Vargas, especialmente o de uma enorme massa de "jovens espíritos" que se podia "mobilizar" em benefício da Nação e do regime político vigente, em tempo de grave crise provocada pela II Guerra Mundial. É patente a influência de outras organizações juvenis controladas pelo Estado então existentes em diferentes países, mormente aqueles criados pelos regimes fascistas alemão, italiano e português. É, quanto a isso, um produto brasileiro adaptado ao espírito do tempo. Entretanto a versão brasileira não admitiu a feição germânica, em 1938, quando o Ministro da Justiça, Francisco Campos, apresentou o projeto original de sua criação, que era calcado na instrução militar. Do demorado debate havido entre as mais elevadas autoridades surgiu, em 1940, a forma definitiva, apresentada pelo Ministro da Educação Gustavo Capanema. A Juventude Brasileira perdeu assim o caráter militar original, sem exigir qualquer aparato burocrático especial, valendo-se da estrutura já existente, tornando-se uma organização educacional auxiliar que incluía todos os escolares entre os sete e os dezoito anos de idade. Tornou-se um instrumento importante nas mãos das autoridades como um elemento de mobilização social, com seus desfiles, de que muito se valeu a propaganda oficial. De um modo geral, a sociedade aceitou bem a Juventude Brasileira, que serviu também, de certo modo, como ponto de contato e diálogo com um governo autoritário.

Spying on Science : Western Intelligence in Divided Germany, 1945-1961

Maddrell, John, Spying on Science: Western Intelligence in Divided Germany, 1945-1961 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp.xi+330 RAE2008