Donde impere el olvido:poesía y Alzheimer en Los cuerpos oscuros de Juana Castro

La terrible invalidez física y mental a la que se enfrentan en sus últimos años, meses y días los enfermos de Alzheimer, se refleja, como en un espejo, en el vacío y la impotencia de los otros, aquellos que conviven con ellos. Los unos no se acuerdan de los otros, pero los otros pierden su identidad si los unos no les recuerdan, no les reconocen. Es el laberinto de la memoria y la desmemoria. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la representación que del Alzheimer se hace en el poemario de Juana Castro Los cuerpos oscuros (2005) tanto a nivel de contenido como a nivel del empleo del lenguaje poético. En primer lugar se hace un recorrido sobre cómo se ha representado la demencia en la esfera cultural y lo que de ella encontramos en los discursos actuales sobre el Alzheimer. Desde lo aportado por los estudios del envejecimiento y, sobre todo, por los estudios de la demencia, se establecen las cuestiones de identidad y de subjetividad que se plantean con la polifonía de voces que nos ofrece el poemario. Por último se analiza la relación entre la memoria semántica y el lenguaje metafórico.

Crisis de gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo y transformaciones en la gubermentalidad

La crisis en el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo abierta a mediados de la década del '60 a ambos lados del Atlántico tuvo respuestas diversas. En América Latina, y en particular en Argentina, vinieron de la mano del régimen de terror y desindustrialización en los 70', de la hiperinflación y la baja del salario real en los '80 y de la "cuestión del empleo" en los 90'. La presente ponencia expone los primeros avances de una investigación que se propone describir las formas que está asumiendo el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo desde mediados de la década del 90' a través de los programas sociales de empleo. En particular, se orienta a indagar respecto de los aspectos "positivos" y "productivos" de esta forma de gobierno, orientándose a describir el tipo de subjetividad y verdad que se tienden a producir. La hipótesis que orienta la citada investigación es que asistimos a una mutación en el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo que se sostiene en la interpelación a que los sujetos devengan activos en su propio gobierno mediante la gestión de sí en espacios comunitarios. Esta mutación parte de la crítica al Estado de Bienestar-Providencia en términos de que este habría generado dependencia en los individuos "tutelados"

Crisis de gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo y transformaciones en la gubermentalidad

La crisis en el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo abierta a mediados de la década del '60 a ambos lados del Atlántico tuvo respuestas diversas. En América Latina, y en particular en Argentina, vinieron de la mano del régimen de terror y desindustrialización en los 70', de la hiperinflación y la baja del salario real en los '80 y de la "cuestión del empleo" en los 90'. La presente ponencia expone los primeros avances de una investigación que se propone describir las formas que está asumiendo el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo desde mediados de la década del 90' a través de los programas sociales de empleo. En particular, se orienta a indagar respecto de los aspectos "positivos" y "productivos" de esta forma de gobierno, orientándose a describir el tipo de subjetividad y verdad que se tienden a producir. La hipótesis que orienta la citada investigación es que asistimos a una mutación en el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo que se sostiene en la interpelación a que los sujetos devengan activos en su propio gobierno mediante la gestión de sí en espacios comunitarios. Esta mutación parte de la crítica al Estado de Bienestar-Providencia en términos de que este habría generado dependencia en los individuos "tutelados"

Crisis de gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo y transformaciones en la gubermentalidad

La crisis en el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo abierta a mediados de la década del '60 a ambos lados del Atlántico tuvo respuestas diversas. En América Latina, y en particular en Argentina, vinieron de la mano del régimen de terror y desindustrialización en los 70', de la hiperinflación y la baja del salario real en los '80 y de la "cuestión del empleo" en los 90'. La presente ponencia expone los primeros avances de una investigación que se propone describir las formas que está asumiendo el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo desde mediados de la década del 90' a través de los programas sociales de empleo. En particular, se orienta a indagar respecto de los aspectos "positivos" y "productivos" de esta forma de gobierno, orientándose a describir el tipo de subjetividad y verdad que se tienden a producir. La hipótesis que orienta la citada investigación es que asistimos a una mutación en el gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo que se sostiene en la interpelación a que los sujetos devengan activos en su propio gobierno mediante la gestión de sí en espacios comunitarios. Esta mutación parte de la crítica al Estado de Bienestar-Providencia en términos de que este habría generado dependencia en los individuos "tutelados"

Crisis of work as a social integration factor

This article analyzes the process of deterioration of the work as a source of social rights and as a social integration element. The context of this process is the passage of a wage-labour society with stable employment to other where the labour relations are deregulated. This aim was tackled by means of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Secondary sources of statistical information were used together with interviews to experts of the institutional sphere. The results of this research show the emergence of a new exclusive model of social cohesion based on intensification and generalization of social inequalities and job insecurity. In this new model of social cohesion, it is noted that the integration strategies of people have less and less support from Government and people are neglected. This process appears in the four spheres that classify the social exclusion risks factors: the structural, the institutional, the relational and the individual.

Social economy, youth and employment

Organizations of the Social Economy in Spain accounted for 13% of employment and 12% of GDP in 2013, according to the Spanish Confederation fo Social Economy. Also, according to various institutions and studies, the role of Social Economy has become relevant due to they represent a model promoting the creation of collective business projects with greater sustainability and potential than models of individual self-employment. However, despite all this, there are few academic studies or sectoral reports analyzing employment in this sector, especially in the case of youth employment. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature analyzing the scared available data in order to show the numbers and characteristics of youth employment in this sector. Results show the weight of youth employment in the Social Economy is higher than the economy overall.

Temporary contracts and non-protected employment in Argentina, Chile and Perú: incidence and determinants

The diverse kinds of legal temporary contracts and the employment forms that do not comply with legal requirements both facilitate employment adjustment to firms´ requirements and entail labour cost reductions. Their employment incidence depends not only on the economic and labour market evolutions but also on other factors, in particular the historical trajectories followed by labour legislation, state enforcement, and the degree of compliance. To contribute to the understanding of the determinants of the degree of utilization of different employment practices, the study reported in this article explores the use made of the various legal temporary contracts and of precarious employment relationships by private enterprises in three Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile and Peru) during 2003-2012, a period of economic growth, and the explanatory role of diverse factors.

Discourse on equality in organizations. A case study of the chemical industry in Tarragona

This paper presents a proposal for analyzing discourses on gender equality in organizations. The research is carried out as a case study, focusing on the chemical industry in Tarragona. To the question: why there are still so many differences between women and men in labour market, despite having multiple tools to avoid inequalities? we propose to focus on discourses of equality to find an answer. The viewpoint that companies have on gender is crucial in enabling policies for equality. To ensure that policies are truly aimed at promoting equality, it is needed a gender approach that nowadays is not widespread in organizations. From these considerations, we present a fourfold typology of discourses on equality in organizations.

Female employment from the household. Towards a comprehensive analysis of work-life articulation

Research on women’s employment has proliferated over recent decades, often under a perspective that conceptualizes female labour market activity as independent of male presences and absences in the productive and reproductive spheres. In the face of these approaches, the article argues the need to focus on the couple as the unit of analysis of work-life articulation. After referring to the main theoretical arguments that, from a gender perspective within labour studies, have pointed out the relevance of placing the household as the central space for the analysis of the sexual division of labour, the article reviews different empirical contributions that have incorporated such perspective in the international literature. Next, the state of the art in the Spanish literature is presented, before arguing the desirability of applying such framework of analysis to the study of employment and care work in Spanish households, which are at present undergoing major transformations.

The Worsening of the employment and work conditions and its relationship to the self-perceived health in European working population. Relevance and effects of the latest socioeconomic crisis

The recent crisis of the capitalistic economic system has altered the working conditions and occupations in the European Union. The recession situation has accelerated trends and has brought transformations that have been observed before. Changes have not looked the same way in all the countries of the Union. The social occupation norms, labour relations models and the type of global welfare provision can help underline some of these inequalities. Poor working conditions can expose workers to situations of great risk. This is one of the basic assumptions of the theoretical models and analytical studies of the approach to the psychosocial work environment. Changes in working conditions of the population seems to be important to explain in the worst health states. To observe these features in the current period of economic recession it has made a comparative study of trend through the possibilities of the European Working Conditions Survey in the 2005 and 2010 editions. It has also set different multivariate logistic regression models to explore potential partnerships with the worst conditions of employment and work. It seems that the economic crisis has intensified changes in working conditions and highlighted the effects of those conditions on the poor health of the working population. This conclusion can’t be extended for all EU countries; some differences were observed in terms of global welfare models.

The elderly care and domestic services sector during the recent economic crisis. The case of Italy, Spain and France.

Over the past ten years in Italy, Spain and France, the demographic pressure and the increasing women’s participation in labour market have fuelled the expansion of the private provision of domestic and care services. In order to ensure the difficult balance between affordability, quality and job creation, each countries’ response has been different. France has developed policies to sustain the demand side introducing instruments such as vouchers and fiscal schemes, since the mid of the 2000s. Massive public funding has contributed to foster a regular market of domestic and care services and France is often presented as a “best practices” of those policies aimed at encouraging a regular private sector. Conversely in Italy and Spain, the development of a private domestic and care market has been mostly uncontrolled and without a coherent institutional design: the osmosis between a large informal market and the regular private care sector has been ensured on the supply side by migrant workers’ regularizations or the introduction of new employment regulations . The analysis presented in this paper aims to describe the response of these different policies to the challenges imposed by the current economic crisis. In dealing with the retrenchment of public expenditure and the reduced households’ purchasing power, Italy, Spain and France are experiencing greater difficulties in ensuring a regular private sector of domestic and care services. In light of that, the paper analyses the recent economic conjuncture presenting some assumptions about the future risk of deeper inequalities rising along with the increase of the process of marketization of domestic and care services in all the countries under analysis.    

The Spanish reforms on domestic work regulation

This paper analyses the latest Spanish reforms regarding domestic work. The Spanish legislator, doubtlessly influenced by the ILO Domestic Work Convention nº 189 – which, however, was not later ratified in Spain- made a deep reform on domestic work in 2011. This legal reform implied a striking change that affected both working conditions and social security of employees in the family home. The aim of this reform has been to bring the regulation in domestic work closer to the general regulation for other workers, although maintaining certain specialties. Regarding working conditions, their setting as “particular employment relationship” has been held. However, the differences between this relationship and the common ones have been reduced. As for social security, domestic employees have been incorporated into the General Social Security System, but with important specialties, thus erasing the Special Domestic Employees System. The paper also examines the legal changes that have taken place in this field after the new Government arose.

Immigration in Spain: Integration with Feet of Clay?

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of the economic crisis on the integration of the immigrant population in Spain. The Spanish case is singular because during the years of intense immigration achieved a remarkable degree of socio-cultural integration. The paper argues that such integration it has been the result of the confluence of exceptional factors rather than the result of the policy making. From a mixed methodology approach, it shows that, during the period of expansion, two factors of the immigration contribute to their coexistence with native population: finding job and access to public services. But the economic crisis, with its impact in terms of job losses and austerity policies, expose the weaknesses of the Spanish model of integration.

Crisis, educación y precariedad-afluencia. El rol de la educación en las condiciones de vida de la población española

El objeto de este artículo es estudiar la influencia del nivel educativo (capital cultural) en los procesos de precariedad-afluencia de la población española entre los años posteriores a la crisis de inicio de la década de 1990 y los años más duros de la crisis de 2007. A partir de los datos de las encuestas PHOGUE y ECV del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) se han construido cuatro indicadores para medir la precariedad laboral, de ingresos, de salud y de vivienda y su distribución según distintas variables demográficas. Se pretende contrastar la hipótesis de que más educación significa más protección frente a la precariedad, estudiando diferentes condiciones de las condiciones de vida y existencia en momentos tanto de crecimiento como de crisis económica. Mediante un análisis multivariable se intenta determinar el nivel de impacto del capital cultural, alcance, evolución y, sobre todo, si sus efectos positivos o negativos están en proceso de expansión o desaceleración. El resultado tiene una doble aportación: de un lado, metodológica, consistente en la construcción de los indicadores; de otro lado, los resultados, con los que se puede reevaluar algunas generalizaciones sobre la pérdida de importancia del rol de la educación en las sociedades contemporáneas.

Special employment centers in Castile and León 2007-2013: effects of the crisis in relation to these centers’ registered legal personalities

The aim of this paper is to carry out an economic and financial study of the Special Employment Centres in Castile and León based on a classification of these entities’ registered legal personalities in order to view how the economic crisis that began at the end of 2007 may have affected them. Various items from the Centres’ financial statements are analysed and the results are compared to those from the period 2007-2013 as to provide a broader perspective of their size, development, growth and behaviour. The following economic figures were used: total assets, turnover and revenue. The variable “employment” is compared with the subsidies received by the Centres, showing that the crisis does affect the Centres depending on their registered legal personalities. Associations and physical persons are the most affected personalities, to the point of possible extinction. An account reversal for the Centres is also included in this article, which measures the percentage of public aid received by the Centres that is returned to society.