860 resultados para modelo digital del terreno
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Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n
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Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n
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Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n
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Os equipamentos fotográficos digitais têm inovado a aerofotogrametria no que diz respeito à rapidez na coleta de informações geográficas referenciadas bem como o baixo custo da operação em comparação com os sistemas aerofotogramétricos convencionais. Na geração de produtos cartográficos, utilizando sistemas fotográficos digitais ou convencionais, o conhecimento dos parâmetros que definem a geometria interna da câmara é de fundamental importância. Este trabalho descreve uma das principais metodologias utilizadas atualmente para calibração analítica de câmaras. A câmara utilizada nesse trabalho é uma Kodak DCS460, e pertence à Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. O processo de calibração foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Paraná, com apoio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Geodésicas, e o método utilizado foi o Método das Câmaras Convergentes Através do método paramétrico com injunções, o modelo final utilizado computacionalmente recupera os parâmetros intrínsecos como distância focal calibrada, posição do ponto principal, constantes da distorção radial simétrica e descentrada, bem como a matriz variância-covariância dos resultados obtidos no ajustamento. Os resultados da calibração foram analisados na matriz variância-covariância e foram satisfatórios. Para aplicação dos parâmetros em dados reais, uma imagem da região de Porto Alegre foi utilizada como objeto de estudo para geração de uma ortofoto, que é uma imagem corrigida geometricamente das distorções causadas pela variação de posição e altitude da plataforma. O Modelo Digital do Terreno é uma peça fundamental na geração de uma ortofoto e foi gerado a partir das curvas de nível fornecidas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. Duas ortofotos foram geradas, a primeira levando em conta apenas o valor nominal da distância focal, e a segunda os parâmetros gerados no processo de calibração. Os resultados obtidos para a focal nominal apresentam resíduos maiores que os determinados com a distância focal calibrada, mostrando a necessidade de aplicação do método de calibração, como queria demonstrar.
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One of needs of modern agriculture is the prediction of spatial variability of soil properties at more detailed scales for sustainable management and optimization of management practices. The mathematical model associated with knowledge of variability of soil attributes and mapping of relief forms has helped in agricultural planning. In this regard the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial variability of physical and chemical properties of Oxisols and Ultisols using numerical classification and the digital elevation model. Two distinct landforms: convex for the Oxisol (158 ha) and linear for the Ultisol (172 ha). 53 samples from the Oxisol and 57 samples from the Ultisol were taken. Multivariate analysis of clusters of attributes studied from their euclidean distances was performed. This analysis by dendograms along with digital elevation models for different soils characterized was more homogeneous in Ultisol groups, and less homogeneous for the Oxisol in convex landform. These quantitative methods showed that the landforms conditioned the spatial pattern of soil attributes.
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The current work was developed on the dune systems of the Parque das Dunas and Barreira do Inferno. These places are located in the cities of Natal and Parnamirim (RN, Brazil), respectively. This project has the purpose of developing the deterministic model on a specific blowout at Parque das Dunas, based in the geophysical interpretations of the lines gotten with the Ground Penetration Radar and the planialtimetric acquisitions of the topographical surface of the land. Also analyses of the vulnerability/susceptibility of these dune systems had been done in relation to the human pressures. To develop its deterministic model, it is necessary to acquire inner and outer geometries of the cited blowout. In order to depict inner geometries underneath the surface are used the GPR observing the altimetric control for topographical correction of the GPR lines. As for the outer geometries, the geodesic GPS gives us the planialtimetric points (x, y and z points) with milimetric precision, resulting in high-resolution surfaces. Using interpolation methods of the planialtimetric points was possible create Digital Elevations Models (DEM´s) of these surfaces. As a result, 1,161.4 meters of GPR lines were acquired on the blowout at the Parque das Dunas and 3,735.27 meters on the blowout at the Barreira do Inferno. These lines had been acquired with a 200 MHz antenna, except the 7 and 8 lines, for which we had been used a 100 MHz antenna. The gotten data had been processed and interpreted, being possible to identify boundary surfaces of first, second and third order. The first order boundary surface is related with the contact of the rocks of the Barreiras Group with the aeolian deposits. These deposits had been divided in two groups (Group 1 and Group 2) which are related with the geometry of stratum and the dip of its stratifications. Group 1 presented stratum of sigmoidal and irregular geometries and involved bodies where the reflectors had presented dips that had varied of 20 to the 28 degrees for the Parque das Dunas blowout and of 22 to the 29 degrees for the Barreira do Inferno blowout. Usually, it was limited in the base for the first order surface and in the top for the second order surface. Group 2 presented stratum of trough, wedge or lens geometries, limited in the base for the second order vi surface, where the corresponding deposits had more shown smoothed reflectors or with dips of low angle. The Deterministic and Digital Elevation Models had been developed from the integration and interpretation of the 2D data with the GOCAD® program. In Digital Elevations Models it was possible to see, for the localities, corridor or trough-shaped blowouts. In Deterministic Model it was possible to see first and second order boundary surfaces. For the vulnerability/susceptibility of the dune systems it was applied the methodology proposal by Boderè al (1991); however the same one did not show adequate because it evaluates actual coastal dunes. Actual coastal dunes are dunes that are presented in balance with the current environmental conditions. Therefore, a new methodology was proposal which characterizes the supplying and activity sedimentary, as well as the human pressures. For the methodology developed in this work, both the localities had presented a good management. The Parque das Dunas was characterized as a relic dune system and the Barreira do Inferno was characterized as a palimpsestic dune system. Also two Thematic Maps had been elaborated for the environmental characterization of the studied dune systems, with software ArcGis 8.3, and its respective data bases
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Curso sobre diseño, cálculo, patología y reparación de las cimentaciones de hormigón : (2 al 4 de Junio de 1994, Las palmas de G. C. y 18 al 20 de Mayo de 1995, Santa cruz de Tenerife)