Demographic profile of blood donors at three major Brazilian blood centers: results from the International REDS-II study, 2007 to 2008

BACKGROUND: The profile of blood donors changed dramatically in Brazil over the past 20 years, from remunerated to nonremunerated and then from replacement to community donors. Donor demographic data from three major blood centers establish current donation profiles in Brazil, serving as baseline for future analyses and tracking longitudinal changes in donor characteristics. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were extracted from the blood center, compiled in a data warehouse, and analyzed. Population data were obtained from the Brazilian census. RESULTS: During 2007 to 2008, there were 615,379 blood donations from 410,423 donors. A total of 426,142 (69.2%) were from repeat (Rpt) donors and 189,237 (30.8%) were from first-time (FT) donors. Twenty percent of FT donors returned to donate in the period. FT donors were more likely to be younger, and Rpt donors were more likely to be community donors. All were predominantly male. Replacement donors still represent 50% of FT and 30% of Rpt donors. The mean percentage of the potentially general population who were donors was approximately 1.2% for the three centers (0.7, 1.5, and 3.1%). Adjusting for the catchment`s area, the first two were 2.1 and 1.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Donors in the three Brazilian centers tended to be younger with a higher proportion of males than in the general population. Donation rates were lower than desirable. There were substantial differences in sex, age, and community/replacement status by center. Studies on the safety, donation frequencies, and motivations of donors are in progress to orient efforts to enhance the availability of blood.

UTERINE ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING ENDOMETRIOSIS TREATMENT: A COMPARISON BETWEEN LEVONORGESTREL-RELEASING INTRAUTERINE DEVICES AND A GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AGONIST

We compared the effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUD) and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on uterine volume, uterine arteries pulsatility index (PI) and endometrial thickness before and after six months of endometriosis treatment. Sixty women aged 18-40 y were allocated randomly to one of two groups: LNG-IUDs were inserted in 30 women, and GnRHa monthly injections were performed on the other 30. All 60 women were submitted to transvaginal 2-D ultrasound scans on the day that the treatment started and then six months later. Measurements of uterine arteries PI, uterine volume and endometrial thickness were performed at both evaluations. The use of LNG-IUDs significantly decreased endometrial thickness (pre = 6.08 +/- 3.00 mm, post = 2.7 +/- 0.98 mm; mean +/- SD), as did the use of GnRHa (pre = 6.96 +/- 3.82 mm, post = 3.23 +/- 2.32 mm). The uterine volume decreased in the GnRHa group (pre = 86.67 +/- 28.38 cm(3), Post = 55.27 +/- 25.52 cm(3)), but not in the LNG-IUD group (pre = 75.77 +/- 20.88 cm(3), post = 75.97 +/- 26.62 cm(3)). Uterine arteries PI increased for both groups; however, the increase was higher in the GnRHa group (0.99 +/- 0.84 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.84, p = 0.007; PI increase in GnRHa and in LNG-IUD groups, respectively). In conclusion, levonorgestrel released directly onto the endometrium by the LNG-IUD induced smaller uterine changes than did the hypoestrogenism induced by GnRHa. Nevertheless, both promoted similar effects on endometrial thickness. (E-mail: wpmartins@gmail.com) (C) 2008 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.

Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Infectious Bronchitis in Brazil from 2007 to 2008 in Breeders, Broilers, and Layers

Multiple lineages of Brazilian strains from 2007 to 2008 of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were detected in flocks of breeders, broilers, and layers. Organs samples from 20 IBV-positive flocks with variable clinical signs were submitted to the partial amplification of S gene (nucleotides 726-1071) of IBV. Fifteen of the 20 sequenced strains segregated in a unique Brazilian cluster subdivided in three subclusters (Brazil 01, 02, and 03). Whereas three strains could be classified as Massachusetts (Mass) genotype, the remaining two strains, originating from flocks with reproductive and respiratory disorders, grouped within the 4/91-793B genotype, a genotype that has not been detected before in Brazil. The potential relevance of the findings to the poultry industry is discussed because the low level of identity of the sequenced part of the S gene from 17 of 20 detected field strains and the vaccines of the Massachusetts serotype used suggest that the level of cross-protection by the Massachusetts vaccines might be low.

Did they read Marx? Marx reception and social democratic party members in imperial Germany, 1890-1914

Did rank-and-file members of the German Social Democratic party before 1914 bother to read Marx? A number of studies of borrowing from trade union and other workers' libraries since the 1970s have indicated that workers who read Marx were rare, although this does not mean that workers' reading habits were not influenced by socialist ideas. However, for a broader understanding of the reception of Marx's writings among rank-and-file German socialists, it is necessary to consider not only books, but the pamphlet literature produced by the SPD in huge quantities, serialisations and other treatments in the party press, and oral communication. When the full range of sources is considered, the extent of the reception of Marx's writings, albeit often in very simplified forms, can be more fully appreciated.

A????es premiadas no 13?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal 2008

Nesta publica????o, referente ao 13?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal, o leitor encontrar?? iniciativas inovadoras nas seguintes ??reas: Arranjos institucionais para coordena????o e/ou implementa????o de pol??ticas p??blicas; atendimento ao cidad??o; melhoria dos processos de trabalho; planejamento, gest??o e desempenho institucional

Relat??rio de gest??o 2008

A Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP ratificou sua miss??o de desenvolver compet??ncias de servidores p??blicos para aumentar a capacidade de governo na gest??o das pol??ticas p??blicas, buscando o enfrentamento dos desafios previstos at?? 2010, quais sejam: consolidar-se como refer??ncia na forma????o de dirigentes; implementar de forma estrat??gica e inovadora a Pol??tica Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pessoal - PNDP; prospectar e disseminar conceitos e tecnologias inovadoras de gest??o de pol??ticas p??blicas; prospectar, construir e disseminar, interna e externamente tecnologias educacionais inovadoras; tornar-se escola de governo refer??ncia nacional e internacional; e consolidar-se como uma organiza????o de aprendizagem. A relev??ncia da capacita????o ?? destacada pelo Decreto n?? 5.707/06, que criou a PNDP. Em 2008 a ENAP destacou-se no processo de implementa????o desta Pol??tica, por integrar seu Comit?? Gestor e coordenar o sistema de escolas de governo da Uni??o

Relat??rio de atividades 2008

Em 2008 a Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP ratificou sua miss??o de desenvolver compet??ncias de servidores p??blicos para aumentar a capacidade de governo na gest??o das pol??ticas p??blicas, buscando o enfrentamento dos desafios previstos at?? 2010, quais sejam: consolidar-se como refer??ncia na forma????o de dirigentes; implementar de forma estrat??gica e inovadora a Pol??tica Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pessoal - PNDP; prospectar e disseminar conceitos e tecnologias inovadoras de gest??o de pol??ticas p??blicas; prospectar, construir e disseminar, interna e externamente, tecnologias educacionais inovadoras; tornar-se escola de governo refer??ncia nacional e internacional;e consolidar-se como uma organiza????o de aprendizagem.

Decreto n?? 6.563, de 11 de setembro de 2008: Aprova o Estatuto e o Quadro Demonstrativo dos Cargos em Comiss??o e das Fun????es Gratificadas da ENAP

Decreto n?? 6.563, de 11 de setembro de 2008 aprova o Estatuto e o Quadro Demonstrativo dos Cargos em Comiss??o e das Fun????es Gratificadas da Funda????o Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP, e d?? outras provid??ncias.

Decreto n?? 8.091, de 3 de setembro de 2013: Altera o Decreto n?? 6.563, de 11 de setembro de 2008, que aprova o Estatuto e o Quadro Demonstrativo dos Cargos em Comiss??o e das Fun????es Gratificadas da Funda????o Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP, e remaneja cargos em comiss??o

Decreto n?? 8.091, de 3 de setembro de 2013 altera o Decreto n?? 6.563, de 11 de setembro de 2008, que aprova o Estatuto e o Quadro Demonstrativo dos Cargos em Comiss??o e das Fun????es Gratificadas da Funda????o Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP, e remaneja cargos em comiss??o.

Decreto n?? 6.563, de 11 de setembro de 2008: aprova o Estatuto e o Quadro Demonstrativo dos Cargos em Comiss??o das Fun????es Gratificadas da Funda????o Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP, e d?? outras provid??ncias

Aprova o Estatuto e o Quadro Demonstrativo dos Cargos em Comiss??o e das Fun????es Gratificadas da Funda????o Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP, e d?? outras provid??ncias.

Uma an??lise dos principais efeitos da Lei n?? 11.890, de 24 de dezembro de 2008, sobre a carreira de Especialista em Pol??ticas P??blicas e Gest??o Governamental

As altera????es introduzidas pela Lei n?? 11.890, de 24 de dezembro de 2008, as mais significativas e relevantes e avaliam-se seus efeitos sobre a carreira de Especialista em Pol??ticas Publicas e Gest??o Governamental. Levantam-se quest??es de interpreta????o sistem??tica desses novos dispositivos legais aplic??veis ?? carreira e suas poss??veis implica????es sobre as regulamenta????es por elaborar conforme a previs??o legal. Apresenta-se, ainda, um instrumento para realizar proje????es e simula????es sobre como os limites quantitativos por classe estabelecidos na nova Lei tender??o a afetar as promo????es dos integrantes da carreira nos pr??ximos anos. Sua aplica????o, com o horizonte no ano 2021, indicou a tend??ncia de falha na tentativa do legislador de moldar a carreira em formato piramidal, mas, outrossim, significativo e inquestion??vel avan??o em tal dire????o na compara????o com o cen??rio sem as altera????es legais, em que poderia haver uma concentra????o superior a 80% do contingente na Classe Especial. O instrumento de proje????es poder?? ser facilmente aplicado ??s demais carreiras abrangidas na Lei em foco, bastando aplicar seus dados e premissas espec??ficos.